Cat. No.: HY-N0378

D-Mannitol

(Synonyms: Mannitol; Mannite)

15 Cited Publications

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Based on 15 publication(s) in Google Scholar

D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β₃-adrenergic receptor (β₃-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells. D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed.

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Pureté: 99.93%
CAS No.: 69-65-8
Formule: C₆H₁₄O₆
Masse moléculaire:182.17

Stockage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

D-Mannitol Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 69-65-8

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Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Activité biologique
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Essai clinique
Chemical Information
Publications (15)
Solvant et solubilité
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Pureté et documentation
Références
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Activité biologique

Description

D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β₃-adrenergic receptor (β₃-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]. D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed^[8].

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Beta-3 adrenergic receptor

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Adrenergic Receptor :

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Endogenous Metabolite :

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform PKA :

In Vitro

D-Mannitol (10 μM) can increase the number of mitochondria and promote the expression of brown fat related genes in differentiated 3T3-L1 cell models^[7].
D-Mannitol (10 μM; 7 days) in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells has the effect of stimulating brown fat formation, enhancing insulin effect, reducing blood sugar levels, and promoting fat oxidation and the conversion of white fat to beige fat^[7].
D-Mannitol (10 μM; 7 days) induce Browning of white adipocytes by activating β₃-adrenergic receptors (β₃-AR), PGC1α and PKA^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[7]

Cell Line:

3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Concentration:

10 μM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Increased expression of PGC1α, a key transcriptional coactivator of UCP1, also increased expression of UCP1 and PPARγ proteins, which helped to enhance the effects of insulin and lower blood sugar levels.
Triggered the expression of the FGF21 gene, which is associated with thermogenic programming.
Activation of AMPK and phosphorylation of ACC and HMGCR promoted β-oxidation, and eliminated UCP1 and ACC expression when AMPK was blocked.

RT-PCR^[7]

Cell Line:

3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Concentration:

10 μM
Incubation Time:
Result:

Increased the expression of brown fat associated genes such as PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), PR domain 16 (PRDM16), and UCP1.
Increased the expression of genes related to energy expenditure and heat production.

In Vivo

D-Mannitol (orally, 7 or 28 days) promotes calcium and magnesium absorption and retention by fermentation in the cecum in male Wistar rat models^[4].
D-Mannitol (0.5, 2.5, 1.5 g/kg; Intravenous injection (i.v.), 4-hour intervals, 24 h) in the rat model of ischemic cortex infarction repeatedly infusion, can lead to infarction area and the percentage of H₂O ipsilateral hemisphere reduce and decreased tissue pressure^[6].
D-Mannitol (250, 500 mg/kg; Oral gavage (p.o.); 3 weeks) increases energy expenditure through lipid beta-oxidation in a mouse model, thereby contributing to the Browning of iWAT in vivo^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

4-wk-old growing male Wistar rats^[4]
Dosage:

20-80 g/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.), 28 days
Result:

Improved absorption and retention of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg).

Animal Model:

9-wk-old growing male Wistar rats^[4]
Dosage:

40 g/kg, 80 g/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.), 7 days
Result:

Increased cecal weight and tissue weight, and reduced pH.

Animal Model:

Adult cats^[5]
Dosage:

0.33 gm/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), 4-hour intervals, single dose or five doses
Result:

After multiple injections, the osmotic concentration gradient between vasogenic cerebral edema and plasma was reversed, which was associated with the worsening of vasogenic cerebral edema.

Animal Model:

Ischemic cortex infarction model in rats^[6]
Dosage:

0.5, 2.5, 1.5 g/kg
Administration:

Intravenous injection (i.v.), 4-hour intervals, 24h
Result:

Repeated infusion results in a dose-dependent increase in plasma osmotic pressure and a dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of water in the ischemic cerebral tissue of the arterial cortex and ipsilateral hemisphere.
Significantly reduced organizational stress.

Animal Model:

Mouse Model^[7]
Dosage:

250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.), 3 weeks
Result:

Caused a significant decrease in the average body weight of the mice.
Increased the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown tissue.
Led to a significant increase in the expression of genes regulating mitochondrial heat production and lipid oxidation, such as Cidea, CPT1, UCP1, and PGC1α.

Essai clinique

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 69-65-8
Appearance Solid
Masse moléculaire 182.17
Formule C₆H₁₄O₆
Color White to off-white
SMILES

OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O
Synonyms

Mannitol; Mannite
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
- Endogenous metabolite
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (15)

All WBELISA2D/3D Cell Culture and DifferentiationBio/Physico-chemical AssayIF

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Nat Commun

2026 Jun 9;17(1):5072. PMID: 42265110
Autophagy

XIAP-ULK1-Mediated mitophagy modulates carnitine metabolism to mitigate diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 25. PMID: 41139215
Biomater Res

Distinct Roles of Matrigel Enabled the Production of Expandable Hepatoblast and Polarized Hepatocyte Organoids from Human Embryonic Stem Cells under 3-Dimensional Suspension Conditions. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 7:29:0280. PMID: 41209312
Cell Rep

HSPA8 dampens SCAP/INSIG split and SREBP activation by reducing PKR-mediated INSIG phosphorylation. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 19;44(3):115339. PMID: 39977267
Microchem J

2024 Jun, 201, 110666.
Mediators Inflamm

Sorbitol Destroyed Intestinal Microfold Cells (M Cells) Development through Inhibition of PDE4-Mediated RANKL Expression. [Abstract]

2024 May 2:2024:7524314. PMID: 38725539

D-Mannitol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mediators Inflamm. 2024 May 2:2024:7524314. [Abstract]

D-Mannitol (100 mM; 24 h). After establishing M-cell model, the total protein was extracted from M-cell model treated with mannitol for 24 hr, western blotting was used to detect RANKL.

D-Mannitol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mediators Inflamm. 2024 May 2:2024:7524314. [Abstract]

D-Mannitol (100 mM; 24 h). After establishing M-cell model, the total protein was extracted from M-cell model treated with mannitol for 24 hr, the concentration of RANKL level in supernatant was measured in indicated group through ELISA assay.

D-Mannitol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mediators Inflamm. 2024 May 2:2024:7524314. [Abstract]

D-Mannitol (100 mM; 7 days). Intestinal organoids culture was performed to visualize the effect of PDE4 inhibition by DIP on sorbitol-mediated M-cell development.

D-Mannitol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mediators Inflamm. 2024 May 2:2024:7524314. [Abstract]

D-Mannitol (100 mM; 24 h). Reporter gene containing RANKL promoter was transfected into CaCO2 cells combined with pGL4.74 plasmid for 24 hr, CaCO2 cell was treated with mannitol and sorbitol for further 24 hr, the relative luciferase unit was detected using dual-luciferase reporter assay system.

D-Mannitol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mediators Inflamm. 2024 May 2:2024:7524314. [Abstract]

D-Mannitol (100 mM; 24 h). IF was used to detect M cells mature marker GP2 expression and RANKL expression in the indicated group.
Toxics

Evaluation of THP-1 and Jurkat Cell Lines Coculture for the In Vitro Assessment of the Effects of Immunosuppressive Substances. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 19;12(8):607. PMID: 39195709
Neural Plast

Inhibition of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current in Medium-Sized DRG Neurons Contributed to the Antiallodynic Effect of Methylcobalamin in the Rat of a Chronic Compression of the DRG. [Abstract]

2015:2015:197392. PMID: 26101670
Exp Biol Med

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor pathway inhibits extracellular matrix production by mesangial cells through store-operated Ca2+ channel. [Abstract]

2019 Oct;244(14):1193-1201. PMID: 31510798
Electron J Biotechnol

2026 Jun 12.
Dev Neurobiol

Dectin-1 Drives Diabetic Retinopathy via Inducing Microglia-Mediated Inflammation and Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown. [Abstract]

2025 Oct;85(4):e22997. PMID: 40790981
Nephrology (Carlton)

Alisol A inhibits the circ_0001831/miR-346/LIN28B pathway to ameliorate high glucose-induced injury of human renal mesangial cells. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;29(3):154-163. PMID: 38013222
Biocell

2025 Sep 25;49(9):1711-1731.
Research Square Print

November 29th, 2022.

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

H₂O : ≥ 36 mg/mL (197.62 mM)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.4894 mL

27.4469 mL

54.8938 mL

5 mM

1.0979 mL

5.4894 mL

10.9788 mL

10 mM

0.5489 mL

2.7447 mL

5.4894 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Calculateur de molarité

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Calculateur de dilution

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (548.94 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

Pureté et documentation

Select Batch:

Pureté: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Fiche technique (284 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
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- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Tan, K., et al., The mannitol operon repressor MtlR belongs to a new class of transcription regulators in bacteria. J Biol Chem, 2009. 284(52): p. 36670-9. [Content Brief]

[2]. Nishiyama, A., et al., Mannitol lowers fat digestibility and body fat accumulation in both normal and cecectomized rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2009. 55(3): p. 242-51. [Content Brief]

[3]. Hanieh, H. and E. Sakaguchi, Effect of D-mannitol on feed digestion and cecotrophic system in rabbits. Anim Sci J, 2009. 80(2): p. 157-62. [Content Brief]

[4]. Xiao J, et al. Sakaguchi E. Mannitol improves absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium in growing rats. Nutrition. 2013;29(1):325-331. [Content Brief]

[5]. Kaufmann AM, et al. Aggravation of vasogenic cerebral edema by multiple-dose mannitol. J Neurosurg. 1992;77(4):584-589. [Content Brief]

[6]. Paczynski RP, et al. Multiple-dose mannitol reduces brain water content in a rat model of cortical infarction. Stroke. 1997;28(7):1437-1444. [Content Brief]

[7]. Jeon HJ, et al. D-Mannitol Induces a Brown Fat-like Phenotype via a β3-Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Mechanism. Cells. 2021;10(4):768. Published 2021 Mar 31. [Content Brief]

[8]. Zhou, Y., et al. Pathogenesis-related proteins induced by agroinoculation-associated cell wall weakening can be obviated by spray-on inoculation or mannitol ex vivo culture. Plant Biotechnol Rep 11, 161-169 (2017).

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O	1 mM	5.4894 mL	27.4469 mL	54.8938 mL	137.2345 mL
	5 mM	1.0979 mL	5.4894 mL	10.9788 mL	27.4469 mL
	10 mM	0.5489 mL	2.7447 mL	5.4894 mL	13.7234 mL
	15 mM	0.3660 mL	1.8298 mL	3.6596 mL	9.1490 mL
	20 mM	0.2745 mL	1.3723 mL	2.7447 mL	6.8617 mL
	25 mM	0.2196 mL	1.0979 mL	2.1958 mL	5.4894 mL
	30 mM	0.1830 mL	0.9149 mL	1.8298 mL	4.5745 mL
	40 mM	0.1372 mL	0.6862 mL	1.3723 mL	3.4309 mL
	50 mM	0.1098 mL	0.5489 mL	1.0979 mL	2.7447 mL
	60 mM	0.0915 mL	0.4574 mL	0.9149 mL	2.2872 mL
	80 mM	0.0686 mL	0.3431 mL	0.6862 mL	1.7154 mL
	100 mM	0.0549 mL	0.2745 mL	0.5489 mL	1.3723 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

D-Mannitol

15 Cited Publications

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