Forsythoside I
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Forsythoside I is an orally active caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside (CPG) that can be isolated from Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl. Forsythoside I has anti-inflammatory activity and can exert a protective effect in a mouse model of acute lung injury.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.94%
- CAS No.: 1177581-50-8
- Formula: C29H36O15
- Molecular Weight:624.59
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-N0028
Forsythiaside AAnti-Inflammatory Agent -
HY-16561
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IsoforsythiasideAntibacterial Agent -
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HY-N0031
PlantamajosideNF-κB Inhibitor -
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1,3,6-Tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucosePhenolic Compound -
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1,1,1,1-KestohexaoseFructooligosaccharide -
HY-N0526
2"-O-GalloylhyperinNatural Product -
HY-N1435
Oroxin BAntitumor Agent -
HY-N0029
Forsythoside BTNF Inhibitor -
HY-N5063
Plantainoside DACE/IKK-β/PKC Inhibitor -
HY-N5043
Forsythoside H
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Forsythoside I
MoreAll Arrestin Isoforms
MoreAll Caspase Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
IL-6 |
IL-1β |
NLRP3 |
Caspase-1 |
In Vitro
Forsythoside I (50-200 μg/mL; 24 hours) can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in LPS (HY-D1056)-treated RAW264.7 cells[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:LPS (HY-D1056)-treated RAW264.7 cells
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Concentration:50, 100 and 200 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β.
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Cell Line:LPS (HY-D1056)-treated RAW264.7 cells
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Concentration:50, 100 and 200 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Reduced the protein levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in a dose-dependent manner.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male C57/BL6 mice (18-22 g) treated LPS (HY-D1056) to induce acute lung injury[1]
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Dosage:12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage; 2 days before LPS instillation
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Result:Ameliorated LPS-induced pathological changes in lung tissues, including reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, pulmonary interstitial edema, and tissue necrosis.
Decreased lung injury score; lowered cell apoptotic rate; reduced protein concentration in BALF, W/D ratio, and MPO activity; increased SOD activity.
Downregulated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in lung tissues and BALF; and suppressed the expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1177581-50-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 624.59
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Formula C29H36O15
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O[C@H]([C@@H](OC(/C=C/C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1)=O)[C@@H]([C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C)O2)O)O)O)O3)O)[C@@H]3OCCC4=CC=C(O)C(O)=C4
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Death Dis
ANP32E drives lung adenocarcinoma progression via GSK3β-mediated glycolytic reprogramming. [Abstract]2026 Apr 14;17(1):503. PMID: 41980942
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (160.11 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.00 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.00 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Cotton Pellet Granuloma
Cotton pellet granuloma is a classical in vivo chronic inflammation model used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of test substances by measuring their ability to inhibit granuloma tissue formation around an implanted foreign body (cotton pellet) in rodents. The method is based on the biological response to a sterile implanted material, which induces proliferative phase inflammation characterized by fibroblast proliferation and collagen-rich granuloma formation, and the final readout reflects the extent of chronic inflammatory tissue growth surrounding the pellet. In multiple preclinical pharmacological evaluations, inhibition of cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation has been used as an indicator of anti-inflammatory activity in both synthetic and natural product screening contexts.
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Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema
Carrageenan-induced paw edema is an acute inflammation model in which intraplantar injection of carrageenan induces localized inflammatory swelling characterized by vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, and production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and cytokines, making it widely used to evaluate anti-inflammatory agents in vivo. The resulting paw volume or thickness increase is quantified over time as a direct readout of inflammatory intensity and drug efficacy, typically reflecting cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin-driven edema formation and immune cell recruitment in peripheral tissue[20].
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Inhalation Toxicity Study
Inhalation toxicity studies expose rodents to a controlled aerosol, vapor, gas, or smoke atmosphere and assess respiratory and systemic toxicity using exposure-atmosphere characterization, clinical observations, body and organ weights, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histopathology, blood chemistry, hematology, and, when included, molecular endpoints such as transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, or tissue burden analysis. The primary biological readouts are airway irritation, pulmonary inflammation, cytotoxicity, altered surfactant or lipid homeostasis, impaired particle clearance, and tissue remodeling, reflected by BALF cell differentials, BALF protein, LDH, phosphatase activities, cytokines, lung weight, microscopic respiratory-tract lesions, and retained lung burden.
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How to Choose the Right Model Animal
Choosing the right model animal is a validity-driven decision in which the species, strain, sex, age, genetic background, disease-induction method, outcome measures, and welfare burden must match the scientific question rather than laboratory tradition or convenience. A model should be selected by judging face validity, construct validity, and predictive validity: whether it resembles the human phenotype, whether it reproduces relevant mechanisms, and whether results are likely to predict human biology or treatment response. Animal studies often fail to translate because of species differences, weak disease resemblance, poor experimental design, inadequate reporting, publication bias, and underuse of randomization, blinding, and sample-size justification. Unresolved questions include how to rank competing models objectively, how much human-disease complexity must be reproduced for a given objective, and when non-animal systems such as organoids, ex vivo tissue, or computational models
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Liang H, et al. Potential of Forsythoside I as a therapeutic approach for acute lung injury: Involvement of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome. Mol Immunol. 2021 Jun;134:192-201. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wang FN, et al. New phenylethanoid glycosides from the fruits of forsythia suspense (thunb.) vahl. Molecules. 2009 Mar 25;14(3):1324-31. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.6011 mL | 8.0053 mL | 16.0105 mL | 40.0263 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3202 mL | 1.6011 mL | 3.2021 mL | 8.0053 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1601 mL | 0.8005 mL | 1.6011 mL | 4.0026 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1067 mL | 0.5337 mL | 1.0674 mL | 2.6684 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0801 mL | 0.4003 mL | 0.8005 mL | 2.0013 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0640 mL | 0.3202 mL | 0.6404 mL | 1.6011 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0534 mL | 0.2668 mL | 0.5337 mL | 1.3342 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0400 mL | 0.2001 mL | 0.4003 mL | 1.0007 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0320 mL | 0.1601 mL | 0.3202 mL | 0.8005 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0267 mL | 0.1334 mL | 0.2668 mL | 0.6671 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0200 mL | 0.1001 mL | 0.2001 mL | 0.5003 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0160 mL | 0.0801 mL | 0.1601 mL | 0.4003 mL |
Forsythoside I Related Classifications
HY-N5042 Related Classifications
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