Cat. No.: HY-B0456

Riboflavin

(Synonyms: Vitamin B2; E101)

10 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Riboflavin, an orally active and easily absorbed micronutrient, is a precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which serve as coenzymes for numerous enzymatic reactions and perform key metabolic functions by mediating the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reaction.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.89%
CAS No.: 83-88-5
Formula: C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆
Molecular Weight:376.36

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light)

Riboflavin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 83-88-5

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (10)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Microbial Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

In Vitro

Riboflavin (5-50 µM, 24 h) has a strong cytotoxic effect on HL60 cells after UV irradiation that is mediated by apoptosis^[2].
Riboflavin (0.76-48.76 nM, 96 h) increases cell viability and glutathione reductase activity and reduces apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

HL60 cells
Concentration:

5-10 µM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Didn't affect cell viability with no UV irradiation.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

HL60 cells
Concentration:

5-50 µM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased the ratio Bax/Bcl2 and decreased the level of inhibitory apoptosis protein type 1 (IAP1).
Caused overexpression of Fas and FasL.
Decreased the expression of TNFR1 and TRADD at the concentration of 10-50 µM.
Inhibited the cell survival relevant kinases phospho-JNK, phospho-MEK, phospho-ERK.
Increased the expression of p21 and decreased the expression of PCNA, STATs 1 and STATs 2.

In Vivo

Riboflavin (10 mg/kg, p.o., daily) promotes the growth of swiss albino mice^[4].
Riboflavin (1-600 mg/kg, p.o., one time) produces antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect in formalin, carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia, and spinal nerve ligation rat models^[5].
Riboflavin (3-100 mg/kg, i.p., one time) inhibits the nociceptive response in a dose-dependent manner in mice model of acetic acid-induced constriction^[6].
Riboflavin (6-12 mg/kg, i.p., one time) decreases the second phase nociceptive response in mice model of formaldehyde-induced^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Swiss albino mice^[4]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.), daily
Result:

Increased the growth rate of pregnant and newbron mice.
Increased the percent conception and average litter size of pregnant mices.
Improved the percent zinc absorption in male mices.
Increased the levels of zinc and iron in organs in male and female mices.
Increased the percent hemoglobin and the blood zinc value of female mices.

Animal Model:

Female Wistar rats^[5]
Dosage:

1-600 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.), one time
Result:

Reduced flinching behavior during phase 2 in formalin-injected mice by doses of 1-50 mg/kg.
Produced a significant antihyperalgesic effect in carrageenan-injected mice by doses of 6.25-150 mg/kg.
Reduced carrageenan-induced edema by doses of 50-150 mg/kg.
Didn’t reduce tactile allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation model by doses of 150-600 mg/kg.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 83-88-5
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 376.36
Formula C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆
Color Light yellow to orange
SMILES

O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)CN1C(C=C(C)C(C)=C2)=C2N=C(C(N3)=O)C1=NC3=O
Synonyms

Vitamin B2; E101
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light)

Publications (10)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayIn Vivo ImagingBio/Physico-chemical AssayHistological Imaging/StainingWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Nat Mach Intell

2025 May.
Chem

2025 Apr 04.
Nat Commun

FAD synthase confers ferroptosis resistance and restrains CD8+ T cell recruitment in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 29;16(1):9547. PMID: 41162372

Riboflavin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Oct 29;16(1):9547. [Abstract]

Hep3B and HCCLM3 cells treated with Riboflavin (VB2; 10 µM), Riboflavin phosphate sodium (FMN; 10 µM), Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD; 10 µM), or PBS (Ctrl) for 48 h, followed by CCK-8 assay.
Nat Commun

Cholecystectomy-related gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates colorectal tumorigenesis. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 16;16(1):7638. PMID: 40819131

Riboflavin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 16;16(1):7638. [Abstract]

Representative images of mouse colon. Mice were gavaged with B. breve or R. gnavus and then treated with BSH inhibitor Riboflavin (100 mg/kg, orally gavaged twice a week) or 7β-HSDH inhibitor UDCA, respectively (n = 7/group).

Riboflavin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 16;16(1):7638. [Abstract]

H&E staining. Mice were gavaged with B. breve or R. gnavus and then treated with BSH inhibitor Riboflavin (100 mg/kg, orally gavaged twice a week) or 7β-HSDH inhibitor UDCA, respectively (n = 7/group).
Nat Commun

Mitochondrial-cytochrome c oxidase II promotes glutaminolysis to sustain tumor cell survival upon glucose deprivation. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 2;16(1):212. PMID: 39747079

Riboflavin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 2;16(1):212. [Abstract]

H1299 cells were treated with riboflavin (30 μM) for 48 h, followed by examining the cellular FAD levels.

Riboflavin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 2;16(1):212. [Abstract]

H1299 cells were treated with riboflavin (30 μM) for 48 h, followed by examining western blot analyses. The samples derive from the same experiment but different gels for GLS1, H3K9me2, GAPDH, and another for c-JUN, MT-CO2 were processed in parallel.
Theranostics

Lens autophagy protein ATG16L1: a potential target for cataract treatment. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 1;14(10):3984-3996. PMID: 38994020
Food Res Int

2026 Feb 6.
Anal Chem

Ultrahigh Flow Regulated Discharge Coupling with Targeted Mass Spectrometry Analysis: Real Time Capturing Biomolecules in Exhaled Breath. [Abstract]

2025 May 13;97(18):9827-9835. PMID: 40302637
Res Sq

2026 Jan 9.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 5.56 mg/mL (14.77 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.6570 mL

13.2852 mL

26.5703 mL

5 mM

0.5314 mL

2.6570 mL

5.3141 mL

10 mM

0.2657 mL

1.3285 mL

2.6570 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 0.56 mg/mL (1.49 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.56 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (5.6 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 0.56 mg/mL (1.49 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.56 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (5.6 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (286 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Thakur K, et al. Riboflavin and health: A review of recent human research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Nov 22;57(17):3650-3660. [Content Brief]

[2]. de Souza AC, et al. A promising action of riboflavin as a mediator of leukaemia cell death. Apoptosis. 2006 Oct;11(10):1761-71. [Content Brief]

[3]. Xin Z, et al. Riboflavin deficiency induces a significant change in proteomic profiles in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 3;7:45861. [Content Brief]

[4]. Agte VV, et al. Effect of riboflavin supplementation on zinc and iron absorption and growth performance in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998 Nov;65(2):109-15. [Content Brief]

[5]. Granados-Soto V, et al. Riboflavin reduces hyperalgesia and inflammation but not tactile allodynia in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 May 10;492(1):35-40. [Content Brief]

[6]. França DS, et al. B vitamins induce an antinociceptive effect in the acetic acid and formaldehyde models of nociception in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Jun 15;421(3):157-64. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.6570 mL	13.2852 mL	26.5703 mL	66.4258 mL
	5 mM	0.5314 mL	2.6570 mL	5.3141 mL	13.2852 mL
	10 mM	0.2657 mL	1.3285 mL	2.6570 mL	6.6426 mL

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Riboflavin

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Riboflavin

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (10)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Riboflavin Related Classifications

HY-B0456 Related Classifications