Branched Fatty Acid Standards

Capsaicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capsaicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin induces a nociceptive response by binding to its receptors. Capsaicin has analgesic effects on neurological disorders. Capsaicin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects.

Itaconic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Itaconic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect.

3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a precursor of pantothenic acid in Escherichia coli.

L-Isoleucine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Isoleucine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Isoleucine is an orally active branched chain amino acid, which is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine. L-Isoleucine has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. L-Isoleucine regulates the inflammatory response to protect against pathogens in vivo and in vitro.

Valproic acid (Dipropylacetic Acid) (Standard) is an analytical standard for valproic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Valproic acid is an orally active HDAC inhibitor (IC₅₀=0.5-2 mM), inhibits the activity of HDAC1 (IC₅₀=400 μM), and induces the degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits the proliferation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid is used in the study of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic diseases, HIV infection, and migraine.

3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid (HY-W008097). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid is an organic acid derivative and a candidate serum biomarker for sheep cystic echinococcosis. The serum level of 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid increases significantly in sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus. 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid can serve as a ligand to synthesize metal complexes. 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid is applicable to the research of cystic echinococcosis.

Methylmalonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylmalonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylmalonic acid (Methylmalonate) is an indicator of Vitamin B-12 deficiency in cancer.

Leucic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Leucic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Leucic acid is an amino acid metabolite.

Isovaleric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isovaleric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isovaleric acid is an oral active short-chain fatty acid that inhibits osteoclast differentiation by stimulating AMPK phosphorylation and promotes colonic smooth muscle relaxation by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. Isovaleric acid can be used in research on skeletal diseases (such as osteoporosis) and intestinal disorders.

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid. This product is used for research and analytical applications. 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal endogenous metabolite excreted in urine. The urinary excretion of 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid serves as an early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency.

D-Panthenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Panthenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Panthenol is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell. D-panthenol exhibits nephroprotective effect in AKI, promotes tissue repair and regeneration.

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

3-Methylvaleric acid (Standard) is an analytical standard form of 3-Methylvaleric acid (HY-W010513). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methylvaleric Acid is a branched alkanoic acid. 3-Methylvaleric Acid can be utilized by Pseudomonas citronettotis as a sole carbon source for its growth. 3-Methylvaleric Acid derivatives exhibit anti-hyperalgesic and anticonvulsant activities.

4-Methylpentanoic acid (Isocaproic acid) (Standard) is an analytical standard form of 4-Methylpentanoic acid (HY-W015882). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Methylpentanoic acid (Isocaproic Acid) is a short-chain fatty acid, an endogenous metabolite, and a metabolite of 20 α-hydroxycholesterol (HY-12316), which can be found in feces. The concentration of 4-Methylpentanoic acid is closely related to some diseases, such as depression. 4-Methylpentanoic acid can also be used in the research of cholesterol metabolism.

3-Aminoisobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Aminoisobutyric acid. This product is used for research and analytical applications. 3-Aminoisobutyric acid (β-Aminoisobutyric acid) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. It increases the expression of brown fat cell-specific genes in white adipose tissue and enhances fatty acid β-oxidation in hepatocytes. 3-Aminoisobutyric acid alleviates insulin resistance and inflammation induced by palmitic acid or a high-fat diet in mice via the AMPK–PPARδ-dependent pathway. 3-Aminoisobutyric acid is a catabolite of thymine and valine in skeletal muscle.

(R)-Leucic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (R)-Leucic acid (HY-30216). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (R)-Leucic acid (D-α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid) is the D-isomer of the α-hydroxy analogue of Leucine (HY-N0486). (R)-Leucic acid is a metabolite of Lactobacillus and can promote intestinal fatty acid absorption by upregulating CD36 expression. (R)-Leucic acid can be used to study microbe-host interactions and the regulation of lipid metabolism by probiotics.

(S)-Leucic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (S)-Leucic acid (HY-30215). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (S)-Leucic acid is a metabolite of Leucine. (S)-Leucic acid has anabolic effects, particularly promoting muscle protein synthesis. (S)-Leucic acid can be used in the diagnosis of pregnancy loss.

2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (α-Hydroxyisovaleric acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (HY-W008150). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid is an α-hydroxy analogue of valine and a valine precursor that reduces urea excretion. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid can promote the growth of chickens and rats, and is converted into valine in the body, participating in protein synthesis and maintaining nitrogen balance, thereby supporting animal growth and development. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid has a more significant effect on the valine-deficient dietary model. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid is mainly used in animal nutrition research to evaluate its potential application as a nitrogen source substitute in feed.

2-Methylsuccinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methylsuccinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methylsuccinic acid is a normal metabolite in human fluids and the main biochemical measurable features in ethylmalonic encephalopathy.

cis-Jasmone (Standard) is the analytical standard of cis-Jasmone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies.