Vulgarin
Vulgarin is an orally active, naturally occurring eudesmane sesquiterpene with multiple biological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Vulgarin targets and inhibits HMGB1, NF-κB and iNOS, while regulating key genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis; it also blocks inflammatory signaling pathways and inhibits the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Vulgarin effectively alleviates pancreatic oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation levels and restoring antioxidant enzyme activity. Vulgarin reverses abnormally elevated serum pancreatic enzyme levels, preserves the integrity of pancreatic acinar cells, and reduces pancreatic edema, hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration. Vulgarin remodels the function of pancreatic endocrine cells, restores insulin content in β cells, and downregulates glucagon levels in α cells and somatostatin levels in δ cells. Vulgarin can be used in studies related to pancreatic injury and diabetes.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 3162-56-9
- Formula: C15H20O4
- Molecular Weight:264.32
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
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iNOS |
IL-1β |
TNF-α |
NF-κB |
Vulgarin (VGN) (10-20 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily; for 8 weeks) exhibits dose-dependent antidiabetic activity in Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-induced diabetic rats, with the combination of the 20 mg/kg dose and Glibenclamide (HY-15206) yielding the optimal efficacy[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Wistar (adult male, 180-200 g, pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by occluding the splenic artery for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion)[1]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; daily for 2 days, plus a single dose 24 hours post-reperfusion
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Result:Reduced serum amylase, lipase and TAP in a dose-dependent manner, with respective declines of 40.7%, 38.7%, 37.5% at 10 mg/kg and 70.8%, 61.7%, 65.6% at 20 mg/kg relative to ischemia-reperfusion model rats.
Alleviated pancreatic MDA level while elevating GPx and MPO activities; the 10 mg/kg dose produced 35.3% MDA reduction, 2.3-fold GPx elevation and 2.9-fold MPO elevation, whereas the 20 mg/kg dose led to 64.7% MDA reduction, 4.0-fold GPx elevation and 5.3-fold MPO elevation.
Suppressed pancreatic TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB contents dose-dependently.
Inhibited pancreatic HMGB1 gene expression at both tested dosages.
Mitigated pancreatic necrosis and inflammatory infiltration at 10 mg/kg, relieved pancreatic edema at 20 mg/kg, and ameliorated hepatic sinusoidal dilatation together with hepatic inflammatory infiltration under two concentrations.
Decreased pancreatic iNOS expression at both 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses.
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Animal Model:Wistar rats (male, 180-200 g, streptozotocin-induced diabetic)[2]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg plus glibenclamide 5 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg plus glibenclamide 5 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; daily; 8 weeks
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Result:Produced dose-dependent improvements in blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin and serum lipid profiles after 8-week 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg vulgarin monotherapy; combined treatment of vulgarin with glibenclamide further strengthened these metabolic regulatory effects, with 20 mg/kg vulgarin combined with glibenclamide restoring most indicators close to normal values.
Raised pancreatic SOD, GPx and CAT activities while lowering pancreatic MDA content in a dose-dependent manner under vulgarin single administration, and the combination regimen achieved stronger antioxidant capacity and lower MDA accumulation after 8 weeks of treatment.
Suppressed hepatic PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA expression against diabetic group in both single-drug groups; the combined high-dose treatment completely normalized the two gluconeogenic gene transcripts and nearly recovered pancreatic islet structure as well as β-cell quantity.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 3162-56-9
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Molecular Weight 264.32
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Formula C15H20O4
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SMILES
C[C@]12[C@@]([C@](O)(C=CC2=O)C)([H])[C@]3([H])[C@@]([C@@H](C(O3)=O)C)([H])CC1
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Althurwi HN, et al. Effect of Vulgarin and Epivulgarin on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Pancreatic Injury in Rats: A Biochemical, Molecular, and Histopathological Evaluation. Journal of experimental pharmacology. 2026;18:563840. [Content Brief]
[2]. Althurwi HN, et al. Vulgarin, a Sesquiterpene Lactone from , Improves the Antidiabetic Effectiveness of Glibenclamide in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats via Modulation of PEPCK and G6Pase Genes Expression. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Dec 13;23(24):15856. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Vulgarin Related Classifications
HY-N20719 Related Classifications
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