Metabolic Disease

PX-478 is a multifunctional HIF-1α inhibitor with properties including radiosensitization, autophagy activation, and lipid accumulation inhibition. PX-478 also blocks hypoxia-induced VEGF production and regulates β-cell phenotypes under hypoxic conditions. PX-478 induces cell cycle arrest and DNA damage, restores autophagic function, reduces foam cell formation, and maintains glucose homeostasis. PX-478 is widely used in research on related diseases such as human tumors (e.g., prostate cancer), type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.

NAD+ is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage.

Dynasore is a cell-permeable dynamin inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 15 μM. Dynasore blocks cell migration.

D-Glucose is the naturally occurring form of glucose and the most abundant monosaccharide. D-Glucose is a critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic or abiotic stress response.

Exendin‑4 (Exenatide) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP‑1 receptor) agonist that resists degradation mediated by dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Exendin‑4 mediates multiple glucose-regulating effects, including stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon production, increase in β-cell mass, delay of gastric emptying, reduction of food intake, improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity, and restoration of normal islet structure. Exendin‑4 inhibits oxidative stress, alleviates inflammatory responses, and reduces neuronal apoptosis. Exendin‑4 reduces the aggregation level of mutant huntingtin, improves motor function, prolongs survival time, and regulates the expression levels of leptin and ghrelin. Exendin‑4 can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, acute ischemic stroke, and Huntington's disease.

JSH-23 is an NF-κB inhibitor which inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC₅₀ of 7.1 μM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7. JSH-23 inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 without affecting IκBα degradation.

Mitoquinone mesylate is a TPP-based, mitochondrially targeted antioxidant in order to protect against oxidative damage.

D-Glucose-¹³C₆ is a stable isotope-labeled counterpart of D-glucose (HY-B0389). D-Glucose-¹³C₆ can be used as a metabolic tracer to trace glucose-related synthetic catabolism or as synthesis ingredient, minimal media reagent, and internal standard.

Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H₂O₂ and O₂^.- contents.

Insulin cattle is a two-chain polypeptide hormone produced in vivo in the pancreatic β cells. Insulin cattle has often been used as growth supplement in culturing cells.

mPEG2000-DMG is used for the preparation of liposome for siRNA delivery with improved transfection efficiency in vitro. mPEG2000-DMG is also used for the lipid nanoparticle for an oral plasmid DNA delivery approach in vivo through a facile surface modification to improve the mucus permeability and delivery efficiency of the nanoparticles.

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and is crucial for pregnancy.

RU.521 (RU320521) is a potent and selective cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) inhibitor and inhibits cGAS-mediated interferon upregulation. RU.521 suppresses dsDNA-activated reporter activity with an IC₅₀ of 0.7 μM. RU.521 reduces constitutive expression of interferon in macrophages from a mouse model of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS).

Dapagliflozin (BMS-512148), a new type of agent used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM), is a competitive sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, which results in excretion of glucose into the urine. Dapagliflozin induces HIF1 expression and attenuates renal IR injury.

OSMI-1 is a cell-permeable O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 2.7 μM. OSMI-1 inhibits protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) in several mammalian cell lines without qualitatively altering cell surface N- or O-linked glycans.

Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes.

α-MSH (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone), an endogenous neuropeptide, is an endogenous melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) agonist with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. α-MSH is a post-translational derivative of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).

Cholesterol Water Soluble is a major sterol in mammals, constituting 20-25% of the structural composition of the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol Water Soluble plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of membranes and the function of transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol Water Soluble is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) agonist. Cholesterol Water Soluble can be used to study the effects of cholesterol on potassium currents in inner hair cells.
(Note: This product is a mixture of Cholesterol and Methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The product specifications below only indicate the effective content of Cholesterol.)

Elastase, Porcine pancreas (EC 3.4.21.36) is a single polypeptide chain of 240 amino acid residues, derived from pig pancreas. Elastase, Porcine pancreas is a serine protease that can hydrolyze proteins and polypeptide. Elastase from porcine pancreas can induce emphysema in hamsters.

Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous and BBB-permeable endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation.