Metabolic Disease

Methimazole (Thiamazole) is an anti-thyroid agent, which blocks thyroid hormone production from the thyroid gland. Metamizol can cause hepatotoxicity.

Cholesterol-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist.

Sodium acetate trihydrate, 99.5% is a carboxylic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). Sodium acetate trihydrate activates AMPK, increases ROS, cleaved caspase 9, PPARα, downregulates SREBP-1c, ChREBP expression. Sodium acetate trihydrate exhibits antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. Sodium acetate trihydrate regulates energy metabolism. Sodium acetate trihydrate has anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Sodium acetate trihydrate induces writhing reaction and ulcerative colitis. Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used in the researches for gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic steatosis, and pain.

Cholic acid sodium is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid sodium is orally active.

CMP-Sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) sodium salt is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates.

Trans-3-Indoleacrylic acid is a tryptophan metabolite, which promotes tumor development through inhibition of RSL3 (HY-100218A) induced ferroptosis via AHR-ALDH1A3-FSP1-CoQ10 axis, and facilitates colorectal carcinogenesis

β-Muricholic acid is a potent and orally active biliary cholesterol-desaturating agent. β-Muricholic acid prevents cholesterol gallstones. β-Muricholic acid inhibits lipid accumulation. β-Muricholic acid has the potential for the research of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

CLK8 is a potent and specific CLOCK inhibitor that can disrupt the interaction between CLOCK and BMAL1 and interfere with nuclear translocation of CLOCK. CLK8 can be used for the research of disorders associated with dampened circadian rhythms.

Corosolic acid (Colosolic acid) isolated from the fruit of Cratoegus pinnatifida var. psilosa, was reported to have anticancer activity. Corosolic acid induces cancer cell apoptosis.

α-CGRP (mouse, rat) TFA, a neuropeptide (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)) mainly expressed in neuromuscular junction, is a potent vasodilator. α-CGRP (mouse, rat) TFA can lead to a fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate by peripheral administration, also relax colonie smooth muscle. α-CGRP (mouse, rat) TFA has the potential in cardiovascular, pro-inflammatory, migraine and metabolic studies.

Neohesperidin is a flavonoid compound abundant in citrus plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Neohesperidin can upregulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, enhance the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells.

GNF2133 is a potent, selective and orally active DYRK1A inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 0.0062, >50 µM for DYRK1A and GSK3β, respectively. GNF2133 shows good proliferation potency and efficacy on rat and human primary β-cell. GNF2133 significantly improves glucose disposal capacity and increases insulin secretion. GNF2133 has the potential for the research of type 1 diabetes.

Lentinan is an orally active biocompatible multifunctional polysaccharide with biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune regulation, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering^[1][4].

Xanthosine is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose. Xanthosine activates the AMPK/FoxO1/AKT/GSK3β signaling cascade. Xanthosine promotes cell proliferation and regulates blood glucose metabolism. Xanthosine increases milk production in cows and goats. Xanthosine is used in mammary stem cell and type 2 diabetes research.

Lisinopril (MK-521) is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, used in treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and heart attacks.

Darifenacin (UK-88525) hydrobromide is a selective and orally active M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R) antagonist with a pKi of 8.9. Darifenacin hydrobromide binds >20-fold more specifically to M3R than to other muscarinic receptors. Darifenacin hydrobromide can be used in the study of urinary incontinence and other symptoms of overactive bladder. Darifenacin hydrobromide inhibits tumor growth in colorectal cancer cells and has anti-tumor effects.

Troxerutin, also known as vitamin P4, is a tri-hydroxyethylated derivative of natural bioflavonoid rutins which can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depress ER stress-mediated NOD activation.

HPPE (compound 236) is an orally active, potential Bach1 inhibitor. Bach1 is a transcription factor of the cap'n'collar type alkaline region leucine zipper factor family (CNC-bZip) that regulates mitochondrial metabolism and reduces glucose utilization. HPPE can be used for research in psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and COPD.

Lauroyl PEG-32 glycerides is a potential and safe absorption enhancer for improving the absorption of poorly absorbable agents including insulin and calcitonin by pulmonary delivery.

L-Leucine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway.