1. Immunology/Inflammation MAPK/ERK Pathway Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis
  2. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor p38 MAPK Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
  3. Skatole

Skatole  (Synonyms: 3-Methylindole; 3-Methyl-1H-indole)

Cat. No.: HY-W007355 Purity: ≥98.0%
COA Handling Instructions

Skatole (3-methylindole) is a heterocyclic compound naturally found in the feces of vertebrates and can be found in certain plants. Skatole can be produced by intestinal bacteria, inducing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) and p38. Skatole has been used in specific products of the perfume industry or as a flavor additive in ice cream.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Skatole Chemical Structure

Skatole Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 83-34-1

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
USD 28 In-stock
Solution
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Solid
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5 g USD 40 In-stock
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Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Skatole:

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Description

Skatole (3-methylindole) is a heterocyclic compound naturally found in the feces of vertebrates and can be found in certain plants. Skatole can be produced by intestinal bacteria, inducing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) and p38. Skatole has been used in specific products of the perfume industry or as a flavor additive in ice cream[1][2].

IC50 & Target[1]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

p38

 

Microbial Metabolite

 

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

 

In Vitro

Skatole (0-1000 μM, 0-72 h) leads to intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in a time and dose dependent manner[1].
Skatole (1000 μM) activates AhR (48 h) and p38 (30 min) significantly[1].
Skatole (10 μM, 24 h) significantly reverses the suppression of Irisin on Ang II-evoked proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation in VSMCs[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

131.17

Formula

C9H9N

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to gray

SMILES

CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (762.37 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 7.6237 mL 38.1185 mL 76.2369 mL
5 mM 1.5247 mL 7.6237 mL 15.2474 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.06 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.06 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.96%

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 7.6237 mL 38.1185 mL 76.2369 mL 190.5924 mL
5 mM 1.5247 mL 7.6237 mL 15.2474 mL 38.1185 mL
10 mM 0.7624 mL 3.8118 mL 7.6237 mL 19.0592 mL
15 mM 0.5082 mL 2.5412 mL 5.0825 mL 12.7062 mL
20 mM 0.3812 mL 1.9059 mL 3.8118 mL 9.5296 mL
25 mM 0.3049 mL 1.5247 mL 3.0495 mL 7.6237 mL
30 mM 0.2541 mL 1.2706 mL 2.5412 mL 6.3531 mL
40 mM 0.1906 mL 0.9530 mL 1.9059 mL 4.7648 mL
50 mM 0.1525 mL 0.7624 mL 1.5247 mL 3.8118 mL
60 mM 0.1271 mL 0.6353 mL 1.2706 mL 3.1765 mL
80 mM 0.0953 mL 0.4765 mL 0.9530 mL 2.3824 mL
100 mM 0.0762 mL 0.3812 mL 0.7624 mL 1.9059 mL
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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Skatole
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