Succinic acid (Synonyms: Wormwood acid)

Name: Succinic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0420
Rating: 5.0 (10 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N0420 Purity: 98.10%: Data Sheet
COA

SDS
Handling Instructions
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Succinic acid is an anti-anxiety agent with oral activity. Disodium succinate is the salt form of Succinic acid. Succinic acid is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Succinic acid is an important platform chemical. Succinic acid can be used as surfactant, additive, ion chelating agent, flavoring agent and other applications in chemical, pharmaceutical and food fields.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 110-15-6

Size	Stock	Quantity

Free Sample (0.1 - 0.2 mg)	Apply Now
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
200 mg	Get quote
500 mg	Get quote

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Customer Review

Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Succinic acid:

10 Publications Citing Use of MCE Succinic acid

RT-PCR

In Vivo Efficacy Study

Histological Imaging/Staining

Cell Imaging/Staining

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 Dec;14(12):5267-5285.; After lowering the concentration of Disodium succinate from 2.5% to 2% in water for 2 weeks, the body weight of the WT mice rebounded, whereas that of the IKO mice remained the same. Changes in body weight after the administration of sodium succinate to WT and IKO mice (fed with HFD for 24 week).

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 Dec;14(12):5267-5285.; Oxygen consumption rate and energy expenditure (heat production) of HFD-fed WT and IKO mice after 4 weeks of Disodium succinate administration (2.5%), as measured by CLAMS.

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 Dec;14(12):5267-5285.; Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) after 4 weeks of 2.5% Disodium succinate administration to HFD-fed (24-week-old) WT and IKO mice.

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 May 10;31(5):781-797.e9. [Abstract]; Relative mRNA expression of IFN-b and cGAS in LoVo cells treated with succinic acid (0.5 mM;24 h) or F. nucleatum supernatant

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 May 10;31(5):781-797.e9. [Abstract]; Representative immunoblotting of cGAS expression in HT29 and LoVo cells treated with succinic acid (0.5 mM; 24 h).

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 May 10;31(5):781-797.e9. [Abstract]; Relative mRNA expression of CCL5 and CXCL10 in LoVo cells treated with succinic acid (0.5 mM; 24 h) or F. nucleatum supernatant.

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 May 10;31(5):781-797.e9. [Abstract]; Relative expression of candidate transcriptional regulation elements in LoVo cells treated with succinic acid (0.5 mM; 24 h).

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 May 10;31(5):781-797.e9. [Abstract]; Relative cGAS mRNA expression in LoVo cells transfected with EZH2 siRNA, then treated with succinic acid (0.5 mM; 24 h).

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Print. December 9th, 2022.; Disodium succinate (40 mM; 48 h) in ovaries were stripped from 21-day-old female KM mice elevated the global Ksuc level of mouse ovary cultured in vitro.

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Print. December 9th, 2022.; Disodium succinate (40 mM; 48 h) in ovaries were stripped from 21-day-old female KM mice showed the GCs in the ovaries of the succinate administration group were more sparsely arranged around the follicles compared to the control group.

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Print. December 9th, 2022.; Disodium succinate (40 mM; 48 h) in ovaries of 21-day-old female KM mice showed an increased staining in ovarian cells in the succinate group as compared with the control group.

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Print. December 9th, 2022.; Disodium succinate (40 mM; 48 h) in ovaries of 21-day-old female KM mice verified that B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) significantly decreased and Cleaved-caspase 3 significantly increased in succinate-treated ovaries, whereas BCL2-associated X (Bax) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) did not change significantly in mRNA levels.

: Succinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Print. December 9th, 2022.; Disodium succinate (40 mM; 48 h) in ovaries of 21-day-old female KM mice verified that B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) significantly decreased and Cleaved-caspase 3 significantly increased in succinate-treated ovaries, whereas BCL2-associated X (Bax) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) did not change significantly in protein levels.

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	EC₅₀	107 μM Compound: 1110	Substrate uptake by the Na(+)/Dicarboxylate Cotransporter 3 (NADC3, SLC13A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC13A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1794820) Substrate uptake by the Na(+)/Dicarboxylate Cotransporter 3 (NADC3, SLC13A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC13A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1794820)	10.5281/zenodo.7360495
Vero	IC₅₀	1.3 nM Compound: Succinic acid	Anti-Herpes simplex virus type-1 activity in vero cells using plaque inhibition assay Anti-Herpes simplex virus type-1 activity in vero cells using plaque inhibition assay	[PMID: 10464017]

In Vivo

Succinic acid (3-6 mg/kg; p.o.; Single dose) has anti-anxiety effects in mice^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Elevated plus-maze test mice model^[3]
Dosage:	3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral gavage (p.o.); Single dose
Result:	At doses of 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg significantly increased the percentage of mice that entered the open arm and the percentage of time that the open arm stayed.

Animal Model:	Food intake mice model^[3]
Dosage:	3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); Single dose
Result:	Significantly increased the mice's food intake within 5 minutes after administration.

Animal Model:	Stress-induced hyperthermia test mice model^[3]
Dosage:	1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral gavage (p.o.); Single dose
Result:	Inhibited stress-induced hyperthermia at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg.

Molecular Weight

118.09

Formula

C₄H₆O₄

CAS No.

110-15-6

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)CCC(O)=O

Structure Classification

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids

Initial Source

Endogenous metabolite

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (846.81 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 30 mg/mL (254.04 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	8.4681 mL	42.3406 mL	84.6812 mL
5 mM	1.6936 mL	8.4681 mL	16.9362 mL
10 mM	0.8468 mL	4.2341 mL	8.4681 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (23.29 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (23.29 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (23.29 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 32.5 mg/mL (275.21 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.33%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (276 KB) SDS (476 KB)

COA (243 KB) HNMR (109 KB) RP-HPLC (242 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Zhang YJ, et al. Optimization of succinic acid fermentation with Actinobacillus succinogenes by response surface methodology (RSM). J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2012 Feb;13(2):103-10. [Content Brief]

[2]. A T JOHNS, et al. The production of propionic acid by decarboxylation of succinic acid in a bacterial fermentation. Biochem J. 1948;42(1):ii. [Content Brief]

[3]. Si Wei Chen, Anxiolytic-like effect of succinic acid in mice. Life Sci. 2003 Nov 7;73(25):3257-64. [Content Brief]

[4]. Xu J, et al. Microbial succinic acid, its polymer poly (butylene succinate), and applications[J]. Plastics from bacteria: Natural functions and applications, 2010: 347-388.

[5]. Bechthold I, et al. Succinic acid: a new platform chemical for biobased polymers from renewable resources[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology: Industrial Chemistry‐Plant Equipment‐Process Engineering‐Biotechnology, 2008, 31(5): 647-654.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	8.4681 mL	42.3406 mL	84.6812 mL	211.7029 mL
	5 mM	1.6936 mL	8.4681 mL	16.9362 mL	42.3406 mL
	10 mM	0.8468 mL	4.2341 mL	8.4681 mL	21.1703 mL
	15 mM	0.5645 mL	2.8227 mL	5.6454 mL	14.1135 mL
	20 mM	0.4234 mL	2.1170 mL	4.2341 mL	10.5851 mL
	25 mM	0.3387 mL	1.6936 mL	3.3872 mL	8.4681 mL
	30 mM	0.2823 mL	1.4114 mL	2.8227 mL	7.0568 mL
	40 mM	0.2117 mL	1.0585 mL	2.1170 mL	5.2926 mL
	50 mM	0.1694 mL	0.8468 mL	1.6936 mL	4.2341 mL
	60 mM	0.1411 mL	0.7057 mL	1.4114 mL	3.5284 mL
	80 mM	0.1059 mL	0.5293 mL	1.0585 mL	2.6463 mL
	100 mM	0.0847 mL	0.4234 mL	0.8468 mL	2.1170 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Succinic acid Related Classifications

Neurological Disease

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Succinic acid110-15-6Wormwood acidEnvironmental PollutantsEndogenous MetaboliteEnvironmental ContaminantsChelating agentSurfactantPlatform chemicalFlavoring agentAdditiveAnaerobicFermentationPrecursorAnxiolyticOrally activeInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Succinic acid (Synonyms: Wormwood acid)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Succinic acid:

Succinic acid Related Antibodies

10 Publications Citing Use of MCE Succinic acid

Featured Recommendations

•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

Molarity Calculator

Dilution Calculator

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Succinic acid Related Classifications

Keywords:

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Customer Review

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