2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N6602R
    α-Solanine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    α-Solanine (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Solanine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum nigrum, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
    α-Solanine (Standard)
  • HY-115922
    Anti-inflammatory agent 10
    Anti-inflammatory agent 10 (compound 30) is a tilomisole-based benzimidazothiazole derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 10 expresses activity on COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1. Anti-inflammatory agent 10 is orally active.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 10
  • HY-B0808S
    Oxaprozin-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    Oxaprozin-d4 is the deuterium labeled Oxaprozin, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID).
    Oxaprozin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-15028A
    (S)-Otenaproxesul
    (S)-Otenaproxesul (Example 10) ((S)-ATB-346) is an anti-inflammatory agent with potential protective effects against gastric damage.
    (S)-Otenaproxesul
  • HY-B0531S
    Triflusal-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Triflusal-d3 is deuterium labeled Triflusal (HY-B0531). Triflusal is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable dual Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)/cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Triflusal inhibits platelet aggregation, NF-κB activation, iNOS activity, and prostaglandin synthesis in ischaemic tissue. Triflusal stimulates neutrophil nitric oxide production, eNOS protein expression, and cNOS activity. Triflusal alleviates cerebral ischemic injury in rats and ameliorates pathological lesions and related gene expression in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease models. Triflusal can be used for the research of thromboembolic/ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease.
    Triflusal-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-147911
    COX-2/PI3K-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/PI3K-IN-1 (compound 5d) is a potent PI3K inhibitor with IC50 value of 1.14 nM. COX-2/PI3K-IN-1 is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with Ki value of 3.24 nM. COX-2/PI3K-IN-1 has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
    COX-2/PI3K-IN-1
  • HY-147910
    Carpro-AM1
    		Inhibitor
    Carpro-AM1 is a dual-acting FAAH/substrate-selective COX inhibitor with an IC50 value of 94 nM for FAAH.
    Carpro-AM1
  • HY-W010066R
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol (HY-W010066). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol is a phenolic compound and antioxidant. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol can be extracted from olive oil. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol downregulates the expression of proinflammatory enzymes (iNOS, COX-2) and prevents the degradation of IκBα. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol has antioxidant properties. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol has shown positive effects on frozen-thawed ram sperm. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol can be used in the study of inflammatory-related diseases (such as ulcerative colitis) and reproductive health (sperm cryopreservation).
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol (Standard)
  • HY-181123
    AS1-6
    		Inhibitor
    AS1-6 is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.7 μM. AS1-6 has an IC50 of 12.6 μM for COX-1. AS1-6 exerts significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. AS1-6 can be used in research on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
    AS1-6
  • HY-W966480
    Oxindanac
    Oxindanac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Oxindanac produces inhibition of serum TxB2 production. Oxindanac reduces the volume of swelling. Oxindanac shows analgesic activity.
    Oxindanac
  • HY-100125
    Timegadine
    		Inhibitor
    Timegadine, a new antiinflammatory agent, is found to be a potent, competitive inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and lipo-oxygenase, with IC50s ranging from 5 nM (washed rabbit platelets) to 20 μM (rat brain) for COX and 100 μM for lipo-oxygenase both in the cytosol fraction of horse platelet homogenates, and in washed rabbit platelets.
    Timegadine
  • HY-13568R
    Benoxaprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Benoxaprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benoxaprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benoxaprofen (LRCL 3794) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that blocks the biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting 5-LOX, PGH2 synthase and cytochrome P-450. Benoxaprofen exhibits significant toxicity: it not only alters cellular redox status, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and disrupts calcium ion homeostasis, but also causes liver injury through the formation of covalent adducts between its active metabolites and hepatic proteins. Benoxaprofen shows strong phototoxicity under ultraviolet irradiation, and induces erythrocyte lysis, mast cell degranulation and histamine release. Benoxaprofen is widely used in studies of urticaria and related phototoxic mechanisms.
    Benoxaprofen (Standard)
  • HY-W268542R
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation.
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (Standard)
  • HY-B0253S1
    Piroxicam-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Piroxicam-d4 is the deuterium labeled Piroxicam. Piroxicam (CP-16171) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for human monocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    Piroxicam-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-169103
    Neuroprotective agent 5
    		Inhibitor
    Neuroprotective agent 5 (compound 28) is a brain permeabilizing agent with anti-neuritis, anti-oxidative damage and neuroprotective effects. Neuroprotective agent 5 exhibits a potent NO inhibitory effect (EC50=0.49 μM), inhibits the release of proinflammatory factors PGE2 and TNF-α, downregulates the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, and promotes the polarization of BV-2 cells from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In addition, Neuroprotective agent 5 can also inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and Aβ42 aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Neuroprotective agent 5 can be used for the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    Neuroprotective agent 5
  • HY-163888
    NO-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    NO-IN-1 (Compound 7a) inhibits the production of NO (IC50 = 3.13 μΜ). NO-IN-1 has anti-inflammatory effects. NO-IN-1 downregulates the expression of COX-2 and iNOS by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
    NO-IN-1
  • HY-149355
    COX-2-IN-33
    COX-2-IN-33 (compound 5f) is a COX-2 inhibitor (IC50=45.5 nM), as well as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. COX-2-IN-33 inhibits in vivo pro-inflammatory cytokine production and keep gastric safety.
    COX-2-IN-33
  • HY-107208R
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Procyanidol B4 (HY-107208). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Procyanidol B4 ((-)-Procyanidin B4) is an orally active polyphenol found in Q.gilva. Procyanidol B4 exerts antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH (HY-112053) (IC50: 12.15 μM) and Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) (HY-15925) (IC50: 8.67 μM). Procyanidol B4 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and IL-1β and iNOS .
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard)
  • HY-131626
    1a,1b-Dihomo prostaglandin E2
    		Inhibitor
    1a,1b-Dihomo Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid first identified in extracts of sheep vesicular gland microsomes, known to contain COX, incubated with adrenic acid. 1a,1b-Dihomo PGE2 has also been identified in conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with endotoxin and arachidonic acid. This product is thought to be produced by elongation of AA to adrenic acid, which is then metabolized sequentially by COX and PGE synthase.
    1a,1b-Dihomo prostaglandin E2
  • HY-154846
    4'-Aarboxylic acid imrecoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    4'-Aarboxylic acid imrecoxib is a metabolite of Imrecoxib, a selective COX-II inhibitor.
    4'-Aarboxylic acid imrecoxib
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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