Deubiquitinase Inhibitor

BAY 11-7082 is an IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB inhibitor. BAY 11-7082 selectively and irreversibly inhibits the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of IκB-α, and decreases NF-κB and expression of adhesion molecules. BAY 11-7082 inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 and USP21 (IC₅₀=0.19, 0.96 μM, respectively). BAY 11-7082 inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells.

N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) derives from maleic acid, it can alkylates free sulfhydryl. N-Ethylmaleimide is an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits prolyl endopeptidase with an IC₅₀ value of 6.3 μM. N-Ethylmaleimide can be used to modify cysteine residues in proteins and peptides.

PR-619 is a broad-range and reversible DUB inhibitor with EC₅₀s of 3.93, 4.9, 6.86, 7.2, and 8.61 μM for USP4, USP8, USP7, USP2, and USP5, respectively. PR-619 induces ER Stress and ER-Stress related apoptosis.

Spautin-1 is a specific and potent autophagy inhibitor which inhibits ubiquitin-specific peptidases, USP10 and USP13 with IC₅₀s of 0.6-0.7 μM.

6-Thioguanine (Thioguanine; 2-Amino-6-purinethiol) is an anti-leukemia and immunosuppressant agent, acts as an inhibitor of SARS and MERS coronavirus papain-like proteases (PLpros) and also potently inhibits USP2 activity, with IC₅₀s of 25 μM and 40 μM for Plpros and recombinant human USP2, respectively.

Fluorescent brightener 71 (FB71) is an inhibitor targeting deubiquitinases UCHL5 and USP14, as well as a CD40 ligand. Fluorescent brightener 71 blocks enzymatic activity, induces apoptosis, inhibits cell growth and triggers reactive oxygen species production. Meanwhile, Fluorescent brightener 71 upregulates the expression of oxidative stress-related genes gpx-4 and sod-4, and reversibly increases the protein levels of UCHL5 and USP14 through a feedback response. Fluorescent brightener 71 inhibits the growth, movement and reproductive capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans, and also exhibits concentration-dependent toxic effects. Fluorescent brightener 71 can be applied to scientific research in related fields such as breast cancer.

GK13R is a low-activity enantiomer of GK13S (HY-153627). GK13R inhibits recombinant UCHL1 with an IC₅₀ of ~2 μM. GK13R can be used for the study of glioblastoma.

USP25/28-IN-2 is a selectivity dual USP25/28 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 0.88 and 1.1 μM, respectively. USP25/28-IN-2 modulates USP25 and USP28 activity to affect downstream pathways, modulates c-Myc oncoprotein total levels and half-life, induces apoptosis, reduces cell viability. USP25/28-IN-2 can be used for the research of colorectal carcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma.

P005091 is a selective and potent inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) with an EC₅₀ of 4.2 μM.

Degrasyn (WP1130) is a cell-permeable deubiquitinase (DUB) inhibitor, directly inhibiting DUB activity of USP9x, USP5, USP14, and UCH37. Degrasyn has been shown to downregulate the antiapoptotic proteins Bcr-Abl and JAK2.

IU1 is a selective, reversible USP14 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 4-5 μM. IU1 binds USP14’s catalytic cleft to block deubiquitinase activity. IU1 induces calpain-dependent Tau cleavage, causes ATP deficits, reduces E1~Ub thioester levels and 26S proteasome assembly. IU1 enhances 26S proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity, modulates LC3B-dependent autophagy flux, reduces cancer cell proliferation and migration, and blocks G0/G1 to S phase cell cycle transition in follicular thyroid cancer cells. IU1 activates autophagy-lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, triggers apoptosis, and reduces cervical cancer cell growth. IU1 enhances degradation of proteasome substrates linked to neurodegenerative disease, accelerates oxidized protein degradation, and increases oxidative stress resistance. IU1 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, follicular thyroid cancer, ischemic stroke, cervical cancer, and neurodegenerative disease.

ML-323 is a reversible, potent USP1-UAF1 inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 76 nM in a Ub-Rho assay. The measured inhibition constants of ML-323 for the free enzyme (K_i) is 68 nM.

LDN-57444 is a reversible, competitive and site-directed inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), with an IC₅₀ of 0.88 μM and a K_i of 0.40 μM; LDN-57444 also suppresses UCH-L3 activity, with an IC₅₀ of 25 μM.

ML364 is a selective ubiquitin specific peptidase 2 (USP2) inhibitor (IC₅₀=1.1 μM) with anti-proliferative activity, which direct binds to USP2 (K_d=5.2 μM), induces an increase in cellular cyclin D1 degradation and causes cell cycle arrest. ML364 increases the levels of mitochondrial ROS and decreases in the intracellular content of ATP.

CSN5i-3 is a potent, selective and orally available inhibitor of CSN5/Jab1, and inhibits CSN-catalysed Cul1 deneddylation with an IC₅₀ value of 5.8 nM.

Capzimin is a potent and moderately specific proteasome isopeptidase Rpn11 inhibitor.

KSQ-4279 (USP1-IN-1) is a potent USP1 inhibitor and a selective PARP1 inhibitor. KSQ-4279 is promising for research of cancers.

b-AP15 is a specific inhibitor of the deubiquitinating enzymes UCHL5 and Usp14.

XL177A is a covalent USP7 inhibitor that blocks the deubiquitinase activity of USP7. XL177A destabilizes non-canonical PRC1 complexes or KDM6A and reduces chromatin deposition of H2AK119Ub, thereby relieving the repression of neuronal differentiation programs. Meanwhile, XL177A also regulates the ELOF1-UVSSA-USP7-nuclear β-catenin axis, decreasing the transcription levels of related proteins and the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin. XL177A exerts antiviral effects by reducing the expression levels of coronavirus receptors, and exhibits inhibitory activity against APC-mutated colorectal cancer cells, neuroblastoma, and coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 variants. XL177A is mainly used in studies related to colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma, and coronavirus infections.

MF-094 is a potent and selective USP30 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 120 nM. MF-094 increases protein ubiquitination and accelerates mitophagy.