D-AP5
Based on 36 publication(s) in Google Scholar
D-AP5 (D-APV) is a selective and competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with a Kd of 1.4 μM. D-AP5 (D-APV) inhibits the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.94%
- CAS No.: 79055-68-8
- Formula: C5H12NO5P
- Molecular Weight:197.13
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) D-AP5
More- Cell. 2026 Jun 11;189(12):3571-3588.e27. [Abstract]
- Nat Neurosci. 2025 Jul;28(7):1404-1417. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 May 19;17(1):4418. [Abstract]
- Neuron. 2025 Jul 2:S0896-6273(25)00433-7. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2023 May 11;13(9):2946-2961. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2021 Mar 4;11(10):4616-4636. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 May 29:e00044. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct 5:e11194. [Abstract]
- Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Aug 22;57(33):12222-12233. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2026 May 22. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Mar 26;21(1):76. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2020 Sep 17;6:87. [Abstract]
- Sens Actuators B Chem. 2020, 129190.
- Cell Rep. 2025 May 14;44(5):115712. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2026 Aug;183(15):4430-4447. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav Immun. 2023 Aug:112:96-117. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2026 Jan 26:16:1666920. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2025 Jan 27;23(1):e3003011. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Bull. 2026 Feb 2. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Jan;29(1):390-401. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2025 Dec 22;8(1):1833. [Abstract]
- Food Safety and Health. 2026 Jan 7.
- Neurochem Int. 2023 Oct:169:105587. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 9;13:888308. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 20;14(1):19337. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2025 Oct:392:115365. [Abstract]
- J Neurochem. 2022 Nov;163(4):310-326. [Abstract]
- Nanotoxicology. 2026 May 19:1-18. [Abstract]
- Neural Plast. 2021 Jul 8:2021:7806370. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2019 Dec 15;1725:146487. [Abstract]
- Cereb Cortex. 2024 Oct 3;34(10):bhae399. [Abstract]
- Exp Brain Res. 2023 Dec;241(11-12):2735-2750. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 5:2026.06.04.730242. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 8:2025.10.08.681047. [Abstract]
- Research Square Print. August 24th, 2022.
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jan:145:112446. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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IF
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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All iGluR Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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NMDA Receptor |
D-AP5 infusion is associated with a progressive reduction in swim speed over trials. D-AP5 causes sensorimotor disturbances in the spatial task, but these gradually worsened as the animals fail to learn. Rats treated with D-AP5 show a delay-dependent deficit in spatial memory in the delayed matching-to-place protocol for the water maze[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 79055-68-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 197.13
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Formula C5H12NO5P
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
N[C@H](CCCP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O
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Synonyms
D-APV; D-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (36)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell
2026 Jun 11;189(12):3571-3588.e27. PMID: 42019490 -
Nat Neurosci
GABA-dependent microglial elimination of inhibitory synapses underlies neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy. [Abstract]2025 Jul;28(7):1404-1417. PMID: 40425792 -
Nat Commun
Novelty exploration-activated ensemble in the lateral hypothalamus confers analgesic and anxiolytic effects. [Abstract]2026 May 19;17(1):4418. PMID: 42156381 -
Neuron
Dynamic redistribution of AMPA receptors toward memory-related neuronal ensembles in mice barrel cortex during sensory learning. [Abstract]2025 Jul 2:S0896-6273(25)00433-7. PMID: 40639379 -
Theranostics
Chemogenetic activation of the HPC-mPFC pathway improves cognitive dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide -induced brain injury. [Abstract]2023 May 11;13(9):2946-2961. PMID: 37284451
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2023 May 11;13(9):2946-2961. [Abstract]
D-AP5 (1 µg/µl dissolved in 10% DMSO in 0.9% saline, 0.5 µl/side, via microinjection into the mPFC) was administered. Representative images showing c-Fos expression in the mPFC of different groups were obtained.
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2023 May 11;13(9):2946-2961. [Abstract]
D-AP5 (1 µg/µl dissolved in 10% DMSO in 0.9% saline, 0.5 µl/side, via microinjection into the mPFC) activated HPC-mPFC and ameliorated the LPS-induced spatial memory deficit, but the effect was blocked by glutamate receptor inhibitors (D-AP5 and NBQX).
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Theranostics
Decreased neuronal synaptosome associated protein 29 contributes to poststroke cognitive impairment by disrupting presynaptic maintenance. [Abstract]2021 Mar 4;11(10):4616-4636. PMID: 33754017 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Fine-Tuned Regulation of mRNA Translation and Transport by STAU2 Condensate Facilitates Neuronal Development and Plasticity. [Abstract]2026 May 29:e00044. PMID: 42210778 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Assessing the Nature of Human Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Synaptic Activity Via the Development of an Air-liquid Microfluidic Platform. [Abstract]2025 Oct 5:e11194. PMID: 41047484 -
Environ Sci Technol
Chronic Pb Exposure Induces Anxiety and Depression-like Behaviors in Mice via Excitatory Neuronal Hyperexcitability in Ventral Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. [Abstract]2023 Aug 22;57(33):12222-12233. PMID: 37559393 -
J Neuroinflammation
Sleep deprivation induces anxiety-like behaviors through IL-6 driven astrocyte-GABAergic neuron crosstalk in the PAG-ACC circuit. [Abstract]2026 May 22. PMID: 42174628 -
J Neuroinflammation
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the immune features and viral tropism in the central nervous system of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus. [Abstract]2024 Mar 26;21(1):76. PMID: 38532383 -
Cell Death Discov
2020 Sep 17;6:87. PMID: 33014431 -
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Cell Rep
Septo-subicular cholinergic circuit promotes seizure development via astrocytic inflammation. [Abstract]2025 May 14;44(5):115712. PMID: 40372911 -
Br J Pharmacol
2026 Aug;183(15):4430-4447. PMID: 42062775 -
Brain Behav Immun
The microglial innate immune receptors TREM-1 and TREM-2 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) drive visceral hypersensitivity and depressive-like behaviors following DSS-induced colitis. [Abstract]2023 Aug:112:96-117. PMID: 37286175 -
Front Immunol
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates neuropathic pain via microglial polarization by modulating the METTL3/NMDAR2B/NLRP3 pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jan 26:16:1666920. PMID: 41668762 -
PLoS Biol
Supraspinal facilitation of painful stimuli by glutamatergic innervation from the retrosplenial to the anterior cingulate cortex. [Abstract]2025 Jan 27;23(1):e3003011. PMID: 39869643
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Biol. 2025 Jan 27;23(1):e3003011. [Abstract]
Averaged amplitude of eEPSCs in the RSC-ACC projections was measured with the perfusion of D-AP5 (50 μm), GYKI53655 (100 μm), and CNQX (20 μm) sequentially under the presence of picrotoxin (50 μm).
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Biol. 2025 Jan 27;23(1):e3003011. [Abstract]
Sample traces of eEPSCs in the RSC-ACC projections with the perfusion of D-AP5 (50 μm), GYKI53655 (100 μm), and CNQX (20 μm) sequentially under the presence of picrotoxin (50 μm) were recorded.
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Neurosci Bull
FOXG1 Hierarchically Shapes Synaptic Functions in Striatal iSPNs and Contributes to ASD Etiology. [Abstract]2026 Feb 2. PMID: 41627775 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
Hippocampus-prefrontal cortex inputs modulate spatial learning and memory in a mouse model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture. [Abstract]2023 Jan;29(1):390-401. PMID: 36377471
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Jan;29(1):390-401. [Abstract]
Treatment with the AMDAR inhibitor (NBQX) and NMDAR inhibitor (D-AP5) effectively reduce the expression of NMDAR (NR1, NR2A/2B) and AMPAR (GluA1, GluA2) in PFC, respectively.
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Commun Biol
SNX6-mediated subunit-specific secretory trafficking of AMPA receptors regulates synaptic function and plasticity. [Abstract]2025 Dec 22;8(1):1833. PMID: 41429886 -
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Neurochem Int
Glutamate-aspartate transporter dysfunction enhances aminoglycoside-induced cochlear hair cell death via NMDA receptor activation. [Abstract]2023 Oct:169:105587. PMID: 37495172 -
Front Pharmacol
Identification of a Subtype-Selective Allosteric Inhibitor of GluN1/GluN3 NMDA Receptors. [Abstract]2022 Jun 9;13:888308. PMID: 35754487 -
Sci Rep
Suppressive effect of the anesthetic propofol on the T cell function and T cell-dependent immune responses. [Abstract]2024 Aug 20;14(1):19337. PMID: 39164311 -
Exp Neurol
Aromatase inhibition modulates intrinsic properties and excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. [Abstract]2025 Oct:392:115365. PMID: 40602590 -
J Neurochem
Somatostatin interneurons inhibit excitatory transmission mediated by astrocytic GABAB and presynaptic GABAB and adenosine A1 receptors in the hippocampus. [Abstract]2022 Nov;163(4):310-326. PMID: 35775994 -
Nanotoxicology
Polystyrene nanoplastics promote tumor lung metastasis by inducing sodium overload in macrophages in an NMDAR-dependent way. [Abstract]2026 May 19:1-18. PMID: 42154607 -
Neural Plast
Astrocytes in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Involve Chronic Stress-Induced Anxiety and Bone Loss in Mice. [Abstract]2021 Jul 8:2021:7806370. PMID: 34306063 -
Brain Res
Effects of uninterrupted sinusoidal LF-EMF stimulation on LTP induced by different combinations of TBS/HFS at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 of synapses. [Abstract]2019 Dec 15;1725:146487. PMID: 31580873 -
Cereb Cortex
A circuit from lateral hypothalamic to dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus modulates behavioral despair in mice. [Abstract]2024 Oct 3;34(10):bhae399. PMID: 39367727 -
Exp Brain Res
The NR2B-targeted intervention alleviates the neuronal injuries at the sub-acute stage of cerebral ischemia: an exploration of stage-dependent strategy against ischemic insults. [Abstract]2023 Dec;241(11-12):2735-2750. PMID: 37845379 -
bioRxiv
iAstrocytes model cytokine influences on complement expression and neuronal network synchronization. [Abstract]2026 Jun 5:2026.06.04.730242. PMID: 42282708 -
bioRxiv
Proteome Landscapes Decode Organelle Vulnerabilities in cortical and dopaminergic-like induced neurons Across Lysosomal Storage Disorders. [Abstract]2025 Oct 8:2025.10.08.681047. PMID: 41279717 -
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Biomed Pharmacother
Cordycepin suppresses glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission through activation of A1 adenosine receptor in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. [Abstract]2022 Jan:145:112446. PMID: 34808556
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (507.28 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)
Ethanol : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (507.28 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Protocol
Male Lister hooded rats are used in this study. They are housed individually and have free access to food and water at all times except for 12 hr prior to surgery. Animals are implanted with 30 mM D-AP5 (N=6) and tested in the water maze[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. R H Evans, et al. The effects of a series of omega-phosphonic alpha-carboxylic amino acids on electrically evoked and excitant amino acid-induced responses in isolated spinal cord preparations. Br J Pharmacol. 1982 Jan;75(1):65-75. [Content Brief]
[2]. Davis S, et al. The NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (D-AP5) impairs spatial learning and LTP in vivo at intracerebral concentrations comparable to those that block LTP in vitro. J Neurosci. 1992 Jan;12(1):21-34. [Content Brief]
[3]. Morris RG, et al. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, learning and memory: chronic intraventricular infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist d-AP5 interacts directly with the neural mechanisms of spatial learning. Eur J Neurosci. 2013 Mar;37(5):700-17. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 5.0728 mL | 25.3640 mL | 50.7279 mL | 126.8199 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0146 mL | 5.0728 mL | 10.1456 mL | 25.3640 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5073 mL | 2.5364 mL | 5.0728 mL | 12.6820 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3382 mL | 1.6909 mL | 3.3819 mL | 8.4547 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2536 mL | 1.2682 mL | 2.5364 mL | 6.3410 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2029 mL | 1.0146 mL | 2.0291 mL | 5.0728 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1691 mL | 0.8455 mL | 1.6909 mL | 4.2273 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1268 mL | 0.6341 mL | 1.2682 mL | 3.1705 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1015 mL | 0.5073 mL | 1.0146 mL | 2.5364 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0845 mL | 0.4227 mL | 0.8455 mL | 2.1137 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0634 mL | 0.3170 mL | 0.6341 mL | 1.5852 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0507 mL | 0.2536 mL | 0.5073 mL | 1.2682 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
D-AP5 Related Classifications
HY-100714A Related Classifications
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