Sulfasalazine
Based on 81 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Sulfasalazine (NSC 667219) is an anti-rheumatic agent for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Sulfasalazine can suppress NF-κB activity. Sulfasalazine is a type 1 ferroptosis inducer.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.57%
- CAS No.: 599-79-1
- Formula: C18H14N4O5S
- Molecular Weight:398.39
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Sulfasalazine
More- Cell Res. 2018 Dec;28(12):1171-1185. [Abstract]
- Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Dec 25.
- Mol Cell. 2026 Apr 2;86(7):1260-1274.e4. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2023 Feb;30(2):442-456. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2021 Apr;28(4):1222-1236. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan 21:e2412234. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Jun 23;40(1):206. [Abstract]
- Water Res. 2023 Jul 15:240:120110. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther. 2021 Jul 7;29(7):2321-2334. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2026 May:92:104086. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2024 Nov 5:78:103419. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2024 Aug 10:76:103304. [Abstract]
- J Control Release. 2025 Aug 13:386:114127. [Abstract]
- Research (Wash D C). 2025 Sep 2:8:0864. [Abstract]
- Research (Wash D C). 2025 Apr 3:8:0649. [Abstract]
- J Exp Med. 2026 Mar 2;223(3):e20241287. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2022 Feb 5;27(1):13. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2026 Feb 28:639:218243. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Apr 5;16(1):255. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2023 Nov 18;14(11):754. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2022 Jun;145:210-221. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jan 21;13(1):73. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Apr 2;22(1):210. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Jun:141:156708. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156564. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Jun 19:S0891-5849(24)00531-8. [Abstract]
- ACS Environ Au. 2025 Aug 5;5(6):573-582. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Nov;90:108-137. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Sep;129:110506. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2026 Jun 17. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Oct 6;11(1):430. [Abstract]
- Emerg Contam. 2026 Feb 23.
- Neural Regen Res. 2025 Oct 30. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2025 Jun 3;97(21):11099-11109. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2025 Nov 17. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2025 Aug;26(16):4124-4152. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2025 May 28;82(1):216. [Abstract]
- Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Jun;31(3):1387-1404. [Abstract]
- Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2026 Mar 11;16(1):45. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2021 May 10:12:670224. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 21:1005:178081. [Abstract]
- Mitochondrion. 2026 Mar:87:102112. [Abstract]
- Rheumatology (Oxford). 2025 Aug 13:keaf437. [Abstract]
- Mol Nutr Food Res. 2025 Jan 15:e202400785. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2024 Jul 31;38(14):e23844. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2023 Oct 5;26(11):108148. [Abstract]
- J Funct Foods. 2025 Sep 9;133:107018.
- J Funct Foods. 2024 Jun, 117, 106207.
- Chem Res Toxicol. 2025 Aug 12. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2025 Jan 3:111583. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2023 Jun 22;9(6):e17595. [Abstract]
- Microb Pathog. 2025 Dec 17:211:108249. [Abstract]
- Front Med. 2021 Mar 23;8:625130. [Abstract]
- Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2025 Aug 21. [Abstract]
- Environ Toxicol. 2022 Feb;37(2):192-200. [Abstract]
- Cell Biol Int. 2026 Feb;50(2):e70130. [Abstract]
- J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Feb 28;32(2):141-148. [Abstract]
- Arch Biochem Biophys. 2025 Jun:768:110366. [Abstract]
- 3 Biotech. 2025 Aug;15(8):245. [Abstract]
- Life Sci Alliance. 2022 Nov 1;6(1):e202201667. [Abstract]
- Am J Cancer Res. 2023 Feb 15;13(2):464-474. [Abstract]
- FEBS Open Bio. 2022 Jan;12(1):146-153. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026 Jul 23:823:153969. [Abstract]
- Head Neck. 2025 Feb;47(2):504-516. [Abstract]
- Anticancer Drugs. 2024 Oct 1;35(9):830-843. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 Jul 23:733:150436. [Abstract]
- Neuroreport. 2021 May 19;32(8):672-677. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell Toxicol. 2026 Jan 22.
- Chinese J Anal Chem. 2024 Nov 24.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 16.
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 2.
- Res Sq. 2025 Oct 12.
- SSRN. 2025 May 22.
- bioRxiv. 2025 April 09.
- bioRxiv. 2024 May 10.
- SSRN. 2024 Jan 4.
- Universität zu Köln. 2023 Feb 13.
- bioRxiv. 2023.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Nov 18:2022:7862430. [Abstract]
- Research Square Print. November 8th, 2022
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Apr 1:2021:6629804. [Abstract]
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2D/3D Cell Culture and Differentiation
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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WB
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WB
All Antibiotic Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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RelA |
Autophagy |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calu-1 | IC50 |
460 μM
Compound: 2; SAS
|
Induction of ferroptosis in human Calu-1 cells assessed as inhibition of (cystine-glutamate antiporter) system Xc- mediated cystine transport
Induction of ferroptosis in human Calu-1 cells assessed as inhibition of (cystine-glutamate antiporter) system Xc- mediated cystine transport
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[PMID: 36332549] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.56 μM
Compound: Sulfasalazine
|
Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake by scintillation counting
Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake by scintillation counting
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[PMID: 22541068] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
12 μM
Compound: Sulfasalazine
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Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting
Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting
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[PMID: 22541068] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
3 μM
Compound: Sulfasalazine
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Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting
Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting
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[PMID: 22541068] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
0.9 μM
Compound: SFZ
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Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NFkappaB activation in human HepG2 cells after 1 hr by luciferase reporter assay
Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NFkappaB activation in human HepG2 cells after 1 hr by luciferase reporter assay
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[PMID: 21870831] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
0.9 μM
Compound: SFZ
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Inhibition of NF-kappaB expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of TNFalpha-induced luciferase activity preincubated for 1 hr followed by TNFalpha challenge measured after 1 hr by reporter gene assay
Inhibition of NF-kappaB expressed in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of TNFalpha-induced luciferase activity preincubated for 1 hr followed by TNFalpha challenge measured after 1 hr by reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 23031596] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
0.9 μM
Compound: Sulfasalazine
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Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation expressed in TNFalpha-stimulated human HepG2 cells co-transfected with PPRE-Luc plasmid pretreated for 1 hr before TNFalpha challenge measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation expressed in TNFalpha-stimulated human HepG2 cells co-transfected with PPRE-Luc plasmid pretreated for 1 hr before TNFalpha challenge measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 21889336] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
0.9 μM
Compound: Sulfasalazine
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Inhibition of TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB transcriptional activity in human HepG2 cells pretreated for 1 hr before TNFalpha challenge by luciferase reporter gene analysis
Inhibition of TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB transcriptional activity in human HepG2 cells pretreated for 1 hr before TNFalpha challenge by luciferase reporter gene analysis
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[PMID: 22381047] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
0.9 μM
Compound: Sulfasalazine
|
Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activation in human HepG2 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by TNF-alpha challenge measured after 1 hr by luciferase reporter gene assay
Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activation in human HepG2 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by TNF-alpha challenge measured after 1 hr by luciferase reporter gene assay
|
[PMID: 24314396] |
| HT-1080 | IC50 |
450 μM
Compound: 2; SAS
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Induction of ferroptosis in human HT-1080 cells assessed as inhibition of (cystine-glutamate antiporter) system Xc- mediated cystine transport
Induction of ferroptosis in human HT-1080 cells assessed as inhibition of (cystine-glutamate antiporter) system Xc- mediated cystine transport
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[PMID: 36332549] |
| T-cell | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: Salazosulfapyridine
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Inhibitory concentration against T cell proliferation using concanavalin A stimulated mice spleen cells
Inhibitory concentration against T cell proliferation using concanavalin A stimulated mice spleen cells
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[PMID: 11229767] |
| U2OS | IC50 |
9.6 μM
Compound: Sulfasalazine
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Inhibition of HA-tagged human NTCP expressed in human U2OS cells assessed as reduction in [14C]taurocholate uptake preincubated for 10 mins followed by [14C] taurocholate addition and further incubation for 10 mins by scintillation counting method
Inhibition of HA-tagged human NTCP expressed in human U2OS cells assessed as reduction in [14C]taurocholate uptake preincubated for 10 mins followed by [14C] taurocholate addition and further incubation for 10 mins by scintillation counting method
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[PMID: 31439379] |
| U-87MG ATCC | IC50 |
30 μM
Compound: 2
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Inhibition of xc-cystine-glutamate antiporter-mediated cystine uptake in human U87 cells using L-[14C]cystine as substrate after 15 mins by liquid scintillation counting
Inhibition of xc-cystine-glutamate antiporter-mediated cystine uptake in human U87 cells using L-[14C]cystine as substrate after 15 mins by liquid scintillation counting
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[PMID: 21889337] |
Treatment of SW620 colon cells with sulfasalazine inhibits TNFα-, LPS-, or phorbol ester-induced NFκB activation. NFκB-dependent transcription is inhibited by sulfasalazine at micro- to millimolar concentrations. TNFα-induced nuclear translocation of NFκB is prevented by sulfasalazine through inhibition of IκBα degradation[1]. Pre-incubation with 5 mM of sulfasalazine alone significantly increases basal mRNA expression of all pro-inflammatory cytokines with levels of IL-6 mRNA increased by 80-fold compared with vehicle control[2]. Once digested, sulfasalazine is cleaved into sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid by colonic bacteria, and the latter, too, is reported to suppress NF-kappaB activity[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 599-79-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 398.39
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Formula C18H14N4O5S
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Color Light yellow to orange
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SMILES
OC(C1=C(O)C=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(NC3=NC=CC=C3)=O)C=C2)=C1)=O
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Synonyms
NSC 667219
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (81)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Res
2018 Dec;28(12):1171-1185. PMID: 30287942
Sulfasalazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Res. 2018 Dec;28(12):1171-1185. [Abstract]
Melanoma A375 cells are treated with SSZ (Sulfasalazine, 125 μM) with or without FeSO4 (100 μM) for 6 h to detect the ROS level or 24 h to assess the pyroptotic features (including morphology, GSDME cleavage, and LDH release), unless specifically defined.
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Sulfasalazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Dec 25.
Sulfasalazine (SSA, 0.1–100 mM, 24 h) inhibited cell growth in parental HCCLM3 cells and the indicated clones with reconstituted expression of the WTAP S176A (left) or knock-in expression of GLS Mut (right).
Sulfasalazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Dec 25.
Sulfasalazine (SAS, 100 mg/kg, i.p., 30 days) inhibited tumor growth in athymic nude mice bearing HCCLM3 cells with wildtype or WTAP S176A mutant.
Sulfasalazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Dec 25.
Sulfasalazine (SAS, 100 mg/kg, i.p., 30 days) decreased GAC expression and increased 4-HE expression in athymic nude mice bearing either wildtype HCCLM3 cells or cells expressing the WTAP S176A mutant.
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Mol Cell
2026 Apr 2;86(7):1260-1274.e4. PMID: 41932308 -
Cell Death Differ
2023 Feb;30(2):442-456. PMID: 36443441 -
Cell Death Differ
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2 regulates ferroptotic cell death in cancer cells. [Abstract]2021 Apr;28(4):1222-1236. PMID: 33097833 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
The Gut Microbiota-Xanthurenic Acid-Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor Axis Mediates the Anticolitic Effects of Trilobatin. [Abstract]2025 Jan 21:e2412234. PMID: 39836604 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
2021 Jun 23;40(1):206. PMID: 34162423 -
Water Res
Quantifying community-wide antibiotic usage via urban water fingerprinting: Focus on contrasting resource settings in South Africa. [Abstract]2023 Jul 15:240:120110. PMID: 37247434 -
Mol Ther
Inhibition of xCT suppresses the efficacy of anti-PD-1/L1 melanoma treatment through exosomal PD-L1-induced macrophage M2 polarization. [Abstract]2021 Jul 7;29(7):2321-2334. PMID: 33744468
Sulfasalazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Ther. 2021 Jul 7;29(7):2321-2334. [Abstract]
PD-L1 expression is significantly increased after Sulfasalazine (SAS) treatment at both the protein and mRNA levels.
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Redox Biol
USP20 governs tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance through ferroptosis evasion by targeting GPX4 in cancers. [Abstract]2026 May:92:104086. PMID: 41844497 -
Redox Biol
Reactivation of MAPK-SOX2 pathway confers ferroptosis sensitivity in KRASG12C inhibitor resistant tumors. [Abstract]2024 Nov 5:78:103419. PMID: 39527862 -
Redox Biol
SLC7A11 protects luminal A breast cancer cells against ferroptosis induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors. [Abstract]2024 Aug 10:76:103304. PMID: 39153252 -
J Control Release
Apoptotic neutrophil membrane-modified nanoparticles promote wound healing by enhancing efferocytotic capacity of dendritic cells. [Abstract]2025 Aug 13:386:114127. PMID: 40816639 -
Research (Wash D C)
Ligustilide Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Intestinal Inflammation and Restores Gut Barrier via EGR1-ADAM17-TNF-α Pathway in Colitis Mice. [Abstract]2025 Sep 2:8:0864. PMID: 40904624 -
Research (Wash D C)
EGF-Upregulated lncRNA ESSENCE Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth through Stabilizing CAD and Ferroptosis Defense. [Abstract]2025 Apr 3:8:0649. PMID: 40190348 -
J Exp Med
2026 Mar 2;223(3):e20241287. PMID: 41400657 -
Cell Mol Biol Lett
SNHG3 could promote prostate cancer progression through reducing methionine dependence of PCa cells. [Abstract]2022 Feb 5;27(1):13. PMID: 35123415 -
Cancer Lett
The Zeb1/system Xc- axis safeguards iron-loaded cancer-associated fibroblasts against ferroptosis and promotes immunosuppression in prostate cancer. [Abstract]2026 Feb 28:639:218243. PMID: 41485685 -
Cell Death Dis
Trifluridine/tipiracil induces ferroptosis by targeting p53 via the p53-SLC7A11 axis in colorectal cancer 3D organoids. [Abstract]2025 Apr 5;16(1):255. PMID: 40188162 -
Cell Death Dis
Ferroptosis sensitization in glioma: exploring the regulatory mechanism of SOAT1 and its therapeutic implications. [Abstract]2023 Nov 18;14(11):754. PMID: 37980334 -
Acta Biomater
Iron ion and sulfasalazine-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles for Fenton reaction and glutathione peroxidase 4 inactivation for enhanced cancer ferrotherapy. [Abstract]2022 Jun;145:210-221. PMID: 35470077 -
Cell Death Dis
RNA binding protein NKAP protects glioblastoma cells from ferroptosis by promoting SLC7A11 mRNA splicing in an m6A-dependent manner. [Abstract]2022 Jan 21;13(1):73. PMID: 35064112 -
Cell Commun Signal
Mitochondria-mediated ferroptosis induced by CARD9 ablation prevents MDSCs-dependent antifungal immunity. [Abstract]2024 Apr 2;22(1):210. PMID: 38566195 -
Phytomedicine
Scutellaria baicalensis Extracts Restrict Intestinal Epithelial Cell Ferroptosis by Regulating Lipid Peroxidation and GPX4/ACSL4 in Colitis. [Abstract]2025 Jun:141:156708. PMID: 40220415 -
Phytomedicine
Apigenin ameliorates inflamed ulcerative colitis by regulating mast cell degranulation via the PAMP-MRGPRX2 feedback loop. [Abstract]2025 May:140:156564. PMID: 40054174 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Mifepristone protects acetaminophen induced liver injury through NRF2/GSH/GST mediated ferroptosis suppression. [Abstract]2024 Jun 19:S0891-5849(24)00531-8. PMID: 38906233 -
ACS Environ Au
Machine Learning-Assisted Recognition of Environmental Sulfur-Containing Chemicals in Nontargeted Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Inadequate Mass Resolution. [Abstract]2025 Aug 5;5(6):573-582. PMID: 41277996 -
Brain Behav Immun
Protective effect of Indole-3-carbinol, an NF-κB inhibitor in experimental paradigm of Parkinson's disease: In silico and in vivo studies. [Abstract]2020 Nov;90:108-137. PMID: 32800927 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Interplay of drug transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1), MRP1, OATP1A2 and OATP1B3 in passage of maraviroc across human placenta. [Abstract]2020 Sep;129:110506. PMID: 32768979 -
Cell Death Discov
The IKKα-regulated microRNA miR-9-5p mediates lung cancer growth and invasiveness via CDH1/Wnt/β-catenin signalling. [Abstract]2026 Jun 17. PMID: 42303974 -
Cell Death Discov
Metabolic interplay between exogenous cystine and glutamine dependence in triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]2025 Oct 6;11(1):430. PMID: 41053011 -
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Neural Regen Res
2025 Oct 30. PMID: 41169225 -
Anal Chem
Exposome-Scale Investigation of Cl-/Br-Containing Chemicals Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Multistage Machine Learning, and Cloud Computing. [Abstract]2025 Jun 3;97(21):11099-11109. PMID: 40401576 -
EMBO Rep
Aspergillus fumigatus promotes tumor angiogenesis via SLC7A11 on myeloid-derived suppressor cells. [Abstract]2025 Nov 17. PMID: 41249582 -
EMBO Rep
Hippo pathway controls biopterin metabolism to shield adjacent cells from ferroptosis in lung cancer. [Abstract]2025 Aug;26(16):4124-4152. PMID: 40619484 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Sulfasalazine combined with anti-IL-1β mAb induces ferroptosis and immune modulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 May 28;82(1):216. PMID: 40425823 -
Inflammopharmacology
Human TFF2-Fc fusion protein alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice by promoting intestinal epithelial cells repair and inhibiting macrophage inflammation. [Abstract]2023 Jun;31(3):1387-1404. PMID: 37129719 -
Nat Prod Bioprospect
Natural triterpenoid Ardisiacrispin B attenuates colitis-associated cancer via JAK2/STAT3 pathway and gut microbiota modulation. [Abstract]2026 Mar 11;16(1):45. PMID: 41807868 -
Front Pharmacol
Polyphyllin Ⅲ-Induced Ferroptosis in MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells can Be Protected Against by KLF4-Mediated Upregulation of xCT. [Abstract]2021 May 10:12:670224. PMID: 34040532 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Psoralen alleviates ulcerative colitis by suppressing inflammation, modulating oxidative stress, and regulating ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 21:1005:178081. PMID: 40848885 -
Mitochondrion
Sensitivity of primary mitochondrial disease fibroblasts to ferroptosis: The role of intracellular iron. [Abstract]2026 Mar:87:102112. PMID: 41581630 -
Rheumatology (Oxford)
Autophagy inhibitors block pathogenic NET release in immune-mediated inflammatory disease without impairing host defence. [Abstract]2025 Aug 13:keaf437. PMID: 40802538 -
Mol Nutr Food Res
Therapeutic Potential of Vanillic Acid in Ulcerative Colitis Through Microbiota and Macrophage Modulation. [Abstract]2025 Jan 15:e202400785. PMID: 39812000 -
FASEB J
Desaminotyrosine is a redox-active microbial metabolite that bolsters macrophage antimicrobial functions while attenuating IL-6 production. [Abstract]2024 Jul 31;38(14):e23844. PMID: 39046365 -
iScience
OGT/HIF-2α axis promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and regulates its sensitivity to ferroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Oct 5;26(11):108148. PMID: 37915611 -
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Chem Res Toxicol
Inhibitory Effects of Alkaloids on BCRP Implicated in Reversing Multidrug Resistance: A Case Example of Enhancing Temozolomide Cytotoxicity. [Abstract]2025 Aug 12. PMID: 40793827 -
Cell Signal
HDAC inhibitor enhances ferroptosis susceptibility of AML cells by stimulating iron metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Jan 3:111583. PMID: 39756501 -
Heliyon
HTRA1 from OVX rat osteoclasts causes detrimental effects on endplate chondrocytes through NF-κB. [Abstract]2023 Jun 22;9(6):e17595. PMID: 37416639 -
Microb Pathog
Acupuncture treatment May improve the bone metabolism and pathological ossification by regulating the gut microbiota of AS mice. [Abstract]2025 Dec 17:211:108249. PMID: 41419104 -
Front Med
Acitretin Promotes the Differentiation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Treatment of Psoriasis. [Abstract]2021 Mar 23;8:625130. PMID: 33834031 -
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)
Characterization of the mechanisms underlying sulfasalazine-induced ferroptotic cell death: role of protein disulfide isomerase-mediated NOS activation and NO accumulation. [Abstract]2025 Aug 21. PMID: 40836799 -
Environ Toxicol
2022 Feb;37(2):192-200. PMID: 34661962 -
Cell Biol Int
Solute Carrier Family 19 Member 1 Mediates Acquired Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Through Chronic Stimulator of Interferon Genes Activation and Mitochondrial DNA Release. [Abstract]2026 Feb;50(2):e70130. PMID: 41556422 -
J Microbiol Biotechnol
Marein Prevented LPS-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Regulating the NF-κB Pathway In Vitro. [Abstract]2022 Feb 28;32(2):141-148. PMID: 35001005 -
Arch Biochem Biophys
Role of protein disulfide isomerase in mediating sulfasalazine-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells: The PDI-NOS-NO-ROS/lipid-ROS cascade. [Abstract]2025 Jun:768:110366. PMID: 40023379 -
3 Biotech
Potentilla anserina L. flavonoids ameliorate ulcerative colitis by modulating oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and inflammatory responses. [Abstract]2025 Aug;15(8):245. PMID: 40636944 -
Life Sci Alliance
Tanshinone functions as a coenzyme that confers gain of function of NQO1 to suppress ferroptosis. [Abstract]2022 Nov 1;6(1):e202201667. PMID: 36319062 -
Am J Cancer Res
SIRT6 drives sensitivity to ferroptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer through NCOA4-dependent autophagy. [Abstract]2023 Feb 15;13(2):464-474. PMID: 36895980 -
FEBS Open Bio
Metformin may induce ferroptosis by inhibiting autophagy via lncRNA H19 in breast cancer. [Abstract]2022 Jan;12(1):146-153. PMID: 34644456 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2026 Jul 23:823:153969. PMID: 42155341 -
Head Neck
2025 Feb;47(2):504-516. PMID: 39290130 -
Anticancer Drugs
Targeting xCT with sulfasalazine suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth via inducing autophagy and coordinating cell cycle and proliferation. [Abstract]2024 Oct 1;35(9):830-843. PMID: 39016262 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2024 Jul 23:733:150436. PMID: 39053102 -
Neuroreport
Sulfasalazine maintains blood-brain barrier integrity and relieves lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in hCMEC/D3 cells. [Abstract]2021 May 19;32(8):672-677. PMID: 33913929 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Hypoxia Enhances Glioma Resistance to Sulfasalazine-Induced Ferroptosis by Upregulating SLC7A11 via PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 α Axis. [Abstract]2022 Nov 18:2022:7862430. PMID: 36439690 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Potentiates Hypoxic plus Nutrient-Deprived Pancreatic Cancer Cell Ferroptosis Resistance. [Abstract]2021 Apr 1:2021:6629804. PMID: 33868572
Solvent & Solubility
NH4OH : 150 mg/mL (376.52 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 9 with NH4OH)
1 M NaOH : ≥ 100 mg/mL (251.01 mM)
DMSO : 80 mg/mL (200.81 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.28 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.28 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (25.10 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Sulfasalazine is dissolved in culture medium. SW620 cells are grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium, supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FCS, 2 mmol/liter glutamine, and 1% (wt/vol) penicillin/streptomycin. SW620 cells are transfected with the 3xIgkBLuc reporter construct. After 18 h, cells are incubated with either medium alone or with sulfasalazine (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 mM) before stimulation with TNFα, LPS, or PMA. Luciferase assay is performed[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice: Sulfasalazine is dissolved in 0.1 M NaOH, and then neutralized by titrating with 0.1 M HCl. U-87MG glioma cells are implanted into the cranium of a SCID mouse. After 7 days, animals are randomized into three groups of five animals each. One group receives 1 mL i.p. saline injections twice daily for 3 weeks. The two test groups receives 8 mg of sulfasalazine in 1 mL saline twice daily for 3 weeks. Tumor growth and animal health were monitored. After perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde, mouse brains were collected, rinsed, and placed in 30% sucrose[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (478 KB)
- English - EN (478 KB)
- Français - FR (478 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (478 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (478 KB)
- Español - ES (478 KB)
- Swedish - SV (478 KB)
- Italian - IT (478 KB)
- Korean - KR (478 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (478 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Wahl C, et al. Sulfasalazine: a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B. J Clin Invest. 1998 Mar 1;101(5):1163-74. [Content Brief]
[2]. Sykes L, et al. Sulfasalazine augments a pro-inflammatory response in interleukin-1β-stimulated amniocytes and myocytes. Immunology. 2015 Dec;146(4):630-44. [Content Brief]
[3]. Chung WJ, et al. Sulfasalazine inhibits the growth of primary brain tumors independent of nuclear factor-kappaB. J Neurochem. 2009 Jul;110(1):182-93. [Content Brief]
[4]. Mao C, et al. DHODH-mediated ferroptosis defence is a targetable vulnerability in cancer. Nature. 2021;593(7860):586-590. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / 1 M NaOH / NH4OH | 1 mM | 2.5101 mL | 12.5505 mL | 25.1010 mL | 62.7526 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5020 mL | 2.5101 mL | 5.0202 mL | 12.5505 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2510 mL | 1.2551 mL | 2.5101 mL | 6.2753 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1673 mL | 0.8367 mL | 1.6734 mL | 4.1835 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1255 mL | 0.6275 mL | 1.2551 mL | 3.1376 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1004 mL | 0.5020 mL | 1.0040 mL | 2.5101 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0837 mL | 0.4184 mL | 0.8367 mL | 2.0918 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0628 mL | 0.3138 mL | 0.6275 mL | 1.5688 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0502 mL | 0.2510 mL | 0.5020 mL | 1.2551 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0418 mL | 0.2092 mL | 0.4184 mL | 1.0459 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0314 mL | 0.1569 mL | 0.3138 mL | 0.7844 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0251 mL | 0.1255 mL | 0.2510 mL | 0.6275 mL |