Visual System Disease

Zenidolol (ICI-118551) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zenidolol (HY-100543). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zenidolol is a selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist with K_i values of Zenidolol for β2, β1 and β3 adrenergic receptors of 0.7, 49.5 and 611 nM, respectively. Zenidolol exerts antitumor effects via inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor sphere formation, and downregulating the HIF pathway by blocking β2-AR on tumor cells. Zenidolol exhibits a unique pulmonary vessel-specific vasodilatory effect in mouse models. Zenidolol can be used as an intraocular pressure-lowering agent in ophthalmic disease research.

Asiaticoside F is a triterpenoid glycoside found in Centella asiatica. Asiaticoside F can be used in studies related to skin diseases, diarrhea, eye diseases, inflammation, asthma, leprosy and hypertension.

Reftinirsen inapertide is a CNOT3 inhibitor. CNOT3 is a non-catalytic subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, serving as a direct transcriptional repressor and penetrance modifier of PRPF31. Reftinirsen inapertide can be used for the research of retinal dystrophies associated with prpf31 mutations.

M 16287 is an orally active aldose reductase inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.08 μM in rats and 0.25 μM in cattle. M 16287 improves lens fiber swelling and vacuolization, prevents galactitol accumulation, delays inositol depletion, inhibits glutathione reduction, restores the NADPH/NADP⁺ ratio to normal, and normalizes lens Na⁺ content and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. M 16287 prevents galactose-induced cataract formation in rats. M 16287 improves motor nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats, partially alleviates histopathological changes in the sciatic nerve, and inhibits sorbitol accumulation. M 16287 can be used in studies related to cataracts and diabetic neuropathy.

Rp-8-Br-pME-PET-cGMPS is a cGMP (HY-113469) analog. Rp-8-Br-pME-PET-cGMPS is used for research on retinal dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, and macular degeneration.

CP 132484 is a rat 5-HT_2A receptor agonist with a K_i of 1.1 nM and an IC₅₀ of 2.8 nM, and it exhibits over 40-fold selectivity over rat 5-HT1A receptors and bovine 5-HT1D receptors. CP 132484 stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis and intracellular calcium mobilization. CP 132484 can be used for research into diseases such as glaucoma.

Deacetyltrimepranol (Deacetylmetipranolol) is the active metabolite of metipranolol (HY-121567), a β-adrenergic receptor blocker. Deacetyltrimepranol can be used in the research of hypertension.

Cotosudil hydrochloride is a ROCK kinase inhibitor that can be used in studies on glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

ROCK-IN-13 is a ROCK2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 8 nM against human ROCK2. ROCK-IN-13 has the potential for use in the research of diseases such as multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and cardiovascular diseases.

Enzyme modulator-1 (example 205) is a potent enzyme modulator that modulates p38, bcr-ab1, and VEGFR. Enzyme modulator-1 can be used for the research of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, retinopathies including diabetic retinal neuropathy and macular degeneration.

(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-DL-glutamine (Compound 2I) is a tert-butoxycarbonyl-protected glutamine derivative. (tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-DL-glutamine can be used for the synthesis of N-BOC-L-glutamine esters and Apocynin (HY-N0088). (tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-DL-glutamine is applicable to the research of retinal degenerative diseases.

CK-102 is an interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor. CK-102 reduces mRNA synthesis. CK-102 does not inhibit DNA synthesis. CK-102 only slightly inhibits protein synthesis, or has no effect on it. CK-102 delays wound healing after ophthalmic surgery and prolongs the failure time of trabeculectomy fistulas. CK-102 inhibits lens protein-induced ocular inflammation at both early and late stages. CK-102 inhibits endotoxin-induced uveitis. CK-102 does not inhibit interleukin-1-induced uveitis. CK-102 can be used in research related to glaucoma filtration failure and uveitis.

WF-2421 is an aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.03 μM against rabbit-derived aldose reductase. WF-2421 acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of aldose reductase using dl-glyceraldehyde as the substrate. WF-2421 can be used in the research of diabetic complications (cataract, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy).

KR-67607 is a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ value of 4.8 nM against h11β-HSD1 and 7.1 nM against mouse 11β-HSD1. KR-67607 inhibits stress-induced Glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation, reduces cortisol levels, suppresses the expression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines, and enhances Nrf-2-mediated antioxidant gene transcription. KR-67607 maintains trabecular meshwork structure and reverses elevated intraocular pressure. KR-67607 improves ocular antioxidant activity and mucus secretion, reverses ocular surface damage, and prevents ischemia-reperfusion induced ocular injury. KR-67607 can be used in research related to glaucoma and dry eye disease.

Octanoylcarnitine is an orally active medium-chain acylcarnitine transport intermediate in fatty acid β-oxidation. Octanoylcarnitine is converted to octanoyl-CoA by carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT), which then generates energy via β-oxidation in mitochondria of the heart and skeletal muscle. Octanoylcarnitine enhances grip strength and treadmill endurance, alleviates lactic acidosis, distributes in muscle and heart tissues, increases free carnitine levels, and mitigates mitochondrial stress. Octanoylcarnitine is associated with long-chain fatty acid metabolism, shows a positive correlation with subcutaneous fat area in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and is closely related to central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

ISTH0036 sodium scrambled negative control is the sequence scrambled negative control of ISTH0036 sodium (HY-158821A). ISTH0036 sodium is a phosphorothioate LNA-modified antisense oligonucleotide gapmer that selectively targets and downregulates TGF-β2 mRNA. ISTH0036 sodium suppresses TGF-β2 expression, reduces choroidal neovascularization and vascular leakage, inhibits fibrosis, blocks epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and inhibits angiogenesis while promoting bleb survival. ISTH0036 sodium exhibits long-lasting, dose-dependent ocular tissue distribution and target engagement in rabbit and non-human primate eyes. ISTH0036 sodium can be used for the study of various ocular disorders, such as glaucoma and neovascular retinal diseases.

FAM labled ISTH0036 sodiumis a FAM labled ISTH0036 sodium (HY-158821A). ISTH0036 sodium is a phosphorothioate LNA-modified antisense oligonucleotide gapmer that selectively targets and downregulates TGF-β2 mRNA. ISTH0036 sodium suppresses TGF-β2 expression, reduces choroidal neovascularization and vascular leakage, inhibits fibrosis, blocks epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and inhibits angiogenesis while promoting bleb survival. ISTH0036 sodium exhibits long-lasting, dose-dependent ocular tissue distribution and target engagement in rabbit and non-human primate eyes. ISTH0036 sodium can be used for the study of various ocular disorders, such as glaucoma and neovascular retinal diseases.

Cy3 labled ISTH0036 sodium is a Cy3 labled ISTH0036 sodium (HY-158821A). ISTH0036 sodium is a phosphorothioate LNA-modified antisense oligonucleotide gapmer that selectively targets and downregulates TGF-β2 mRNA. ISTH0036 sodium suppresses TGF-β2 expression, reduces choroidal neovascularization and vascular leakage, inhibits fibrosis, blocks epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and inhibits angiogenesis while promoting bleb survival. ISTH0036 sodium exhibits long-lasting, dose-dependent ocular tissue distribution and target engagement in rabbit and non-human primate eyes. ISTH0036 sodium can be used for the study of various ocular disorders, such as glaucoma and neovascular retinal diseases.

Aquaporumab (AQmabAM) is an engineered human monoclonal IgG antibody. Aquaporumab is a selective inhibitor of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), binding tightly to AQP4 and competitively displacing AQP4-IgG from serum [1][2]. Aquaporumab significantly reduces neuromyelitis optica lesions in spinal cord slice cultures and in mice receiving intracerebral injection of AQP4-IgG and complement [1][2]. Aquaporumab can be used for research on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders [1][2]."}

S58 aptamer is a ssDNA aptamer targeting transforming growth factor-beta receptor II (TGF-β RII). S58 aptamer inhibits the TGF-β RII interaction with TGF-β. S58 aptamer effectively improves glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) surgical outcomes by activating the intracellular antioxidant defense PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.