Visual System Disease

TOP1362 is a narrow spectrum kinase inhibitor. TOP1362 is a potent inhibitor of P38-α and Syk kinases with K_d values of 26 and 18 nM, respectively and an IC₅₀ of 14 nM in the Src kinase activity assay. TOP1362 potently inhibits P38-α, Src and Syk. TOP1362 can be used in the research of dry eye syndrome.

(Rac)-Sezolamide hydrochloride (MK-927; (Rac)-MK 417) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) (K_i: 12.0 nM). (Rac)-Sezolamide hydrochloride has a topical intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect. (Rac)-Sezolamide hydrochloride can be used in glaucoma research.

2-MeSADP is a P2Y receptor agonist, with an EC₅₀ of 5 nM for human P2Y12, EC₅₀ values of 19 nM and 13 nM for human P2Y13, and an EC₅₀ of 6.2 nM for mouse P2Y13. It shows slightly higher selectivity for P2Y12 over human P2Y13. 2-MeSADP triggers increases in intracellular calcium levels, Gi-mediated cAMP inhibition, adenylate cyclase inhibition and downstream signal transduction. 2-MeSADP can be used in research related to glaucoma.

Acetobixan is an inhibitor of Cellulose Synthase A6 (CESA6). Acetobixan inhibits cellulose components of Pythium insidiosum cell walls. Acetobixan can be used for the research of Pythium insidiosum keratitis.

mPEG-PCL is an amphiphilic biodegradable block copolymer composed of hydrophilic methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and hydrophobic poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL). mPEG-PCL possesses excellent biocompatibility and can form delivery carriers such as micelles and nanoparticles. Through its amphiphilic block structure, mPEG-PCL forms nanocarriers and encapsulates hydrophobic molecules, thereby enhancing the loading capacity of hydrophobic molecules, reducing burst release, and achieving sustained release. mPEG-PCL can be used in research on nanodelivery, tissue engineering, and ocular delivery systems related to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Aminoguanidine-¹³C,¹⁵N₂ (Pimagedine-¹³C,¹⁵N₂) hemisulfate is the ¹³C,¹⁵N₂-labeled Aminoguanidine hemisulfate (HY-W020772). Aminoguanidine hemisulfate is an inhibitor of diamine oxidase (DAO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Aminoguanidine hemisulfate can reduce the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Aminoguanidine hemisulfate has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-induced cell apoptosis. Aminoguanidine hemisulfate has antioxidant properties. Aminoguanidine hemisulfate can be used in the research of diabetic nephropathy.

Aminoguanidine-¹³C,¹⁵N₄ (Pimagedine-¹³C,¹⁵N₄) hemisulfate is the ¹³C,¹⁵N₄-labeled Aminoguanidine hemisulfate (HY-W020772). Aminoguanidine hemisulfate is an inhibitor of diamine oxidase (DAO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Aminoguanidine hemisulfate can reduce the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Aminoguanidine hemisulfate has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-induced cell apoptosis. Aminoguanidine hemisulfate has antioxidant properties. Aminoguanidine hemisulfate can be used in the research of diabetic nephropathy.

ZAPA sulfate (Standard) is the analytical standard of ZAPA sulfate (HY-100799). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. ZAPA sulfate is a competitive GABA_C receptor antagonist.

H-Trp-NH2.HCl Standard is the analytical standard of H-Trp-NH2.HCl (HY-W008766). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. H-Trp-NH2.HCl is an amide derivative of tryptophan. H-Trp-NH2.HCl has potential effects in inducing cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, and angiogenesis-related activities. H-Trp-NH2.HCl also exhibits anti-Leishmania activity. H-Trp-NH2.HCl can be used in research on ulcerative colitis, wet age-related macular degeneration, skin diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and leishmaniasis.

ZAPA is a competitive GABA_C receptor antagonist.

Pentosidine is a fluorescent advanced glycation end product (AGE) and cross-linker. Pentosidine is a fluorescent cross-linked structure formed by lysine and arginine in sugar oxidation reactions, and it is commonly found in collagen, skin, bone, lens and plasma proteins. Pentosidine is used in research related to type 1 diabetes, brown cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.

CGC-11144 hydrochloride is a polyamine analog. CGC-11144 hydrochloride reduces the kinase activities of CDK4, CDK2 and CDK6, induces activation of the p53 pathway and p53-dependent p21 expression, and mediates cell cycle regulation, growth inhibition and apoptosis. CGC-11144 hydrochloride induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest, downregulates cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, upregulates cyclin E, induces dephosphorylation of pRb, and inhibits ERα-mediated transcriptional activity by disrupting the DNA binding of Sp1/Sp3 to the ERα promoter, while also stimulating activation of the JNK/AP-1 pathway. CGC-11144 hydrochloride can be used in research related to breast cancer, choroidal neovascularization and cancer.

Enolicam sodium is a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), with a COX IC₅₀ of 1.5 μM and a 5-LOX IC₅₀ of 3.5 μM. Enolicam sodium inhibits arachidonic acid metabolism via the COX and 5-LOX pathways. Enolicam sodium inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and the release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Enolicam sodium is applicable to research related to acute oxidative lung injury and ocular inflammation.

Nordimaprit is a reversible, non-competitive H3 receptor antagonist with a pK_i value of 5.94. Nordimaprit exhibits essentially no activity against H1 receptors and only weak agonistic activity against H2 receptors. Nordimaprit induces selective chemotaxis of eosinophils in rabbit eyes, triggering severe eosinophilic uveitis and ocular symptoms such as corneal edema, opacity, and inflammation. Nordimaprit reduces melanin content and inhibits tyrosinase activity, and exerts toxic effects on melanoma cells. Nordimaprit can be used in studies related to anterior uveitis and melanoma.

APX2014 is a Ref-1/APE1 inhibitor that inhibits Ref-1-induced transcription factor-DNA binding, thereby reducing the activation level of NF-κB and the expression of downstream pro-angiogenic targets. APX2014 blocks endothelial cell proliferation, lumen formation, migration and choroidal sprouting to exert anti-angiogenic activity. APX2014 activates the ISR pathway, promotes the death of pancreatic cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, and induces apoptosis in the absence of PRDX1. APX2014 inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer spheroids, reduces the volume/weight of xenograft tumors, and decreases Ki-67 levels by targeting PRDX1. APX2014 can be used in research related to macular degeneration, retinopathy and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Brovincamine is an orally active slow Ca²⁺ channel blocker and vasodilator. Brovincamine reduces Ca²⁺ influx across the plasma membrane by blocking Ca²⁺ channels. Brovincamine inhibits catecholamine secretion, cholinergic function, autonomic parasympathetic nervous system activity, cerebrovascular resistance, and nerve stimulation-induced convulsive responses. Brovincamine induces cerebrovascular, coronary, and intracranial vasodilation, improves cerebral cortical microcirculation, enhances cerebral metabolic activity, and increases capillary clearance efficiency. Brovincamine can be used in research related to cerebral ischemic diseases, cardiac ischemic diseases, and normal-tension glaucoma.

Tazbentetol (Phenylbenzothiazole-PEG4-OH) is a synaptogenic compound. Tazbentetol partially preserves inner retinal neurotransmission function and maintains retinal function. Tazbentetol increases dendritic spine glutamatergic synapses via cytoskeleton signaling pathways, enhances synaptic density both in vitro and in vivo, and restores glutamatergic synapses. Tazbentetol improves the progression of motor symptoms and enhances memory. Tazbentetol can be used in the research of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Pentosidine TFA is a fluorescent advanced glycation end product (AGE) and cross-linker. Pentosidine TFA is a fluorescent cross-linked structure formed by lysine and arginine in sugar oxidation reactions, and it is commonly found in collagen, skin, bone, lens and plasma proteins. Pentosidine TFA is used in research related to type 1 diabetes, brown cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.

Prednisolone hemisuccinate (Standard) (Prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Prednisolone hemisuccinate (HY-B1087). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Prednisolone hemisuccinate (Prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate) is a prodrug of Prednisolone (HY-17463) and a glucocorticoid. Prednisolone hemisuccinate converts to Prednisolone in vivo. Prednisolone hemisuccinate induces the inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP-DH) in vitro. Prednisolone hemisuccinate can be used in research related to cataracts.

3,5-Dinitrocatechol (Standard) (OR-486 (Standard); 3,5-Dinitropyrocatechol (Standard)) is the analytical standard of 3,5-Dinitrocatechol (HY-100959). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,5-Dinitrocatechol (OR-486) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable selective catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor. 3,5-Dinitrocatechol can be used in research related to Parkinson's disease, pheochromocytoma and adult cataract.