Chalcone 4 hydrate

Chalcone 4 hydrate (12.5-200 μM; 4 days) inhibits the in vitro growth of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in a dose-dependent manner, with the lowest inhibitory activity against B. bovis (IC₅₀ = 138.4 μM) and the highest inhibitory activity against T. equi (IC₅₀ = 19.2 μM)^[1].
Chalcone 4 hydrate (0.25× IC₅₀-4× IC₅₀; administered daily for 4 consecutive days; regrowth monitored for 6 days after drug withdrawal) induces time-dependent morphological degeneration of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in vitro; at the concentration of 4× IC₅₀, it completely eliminates Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens and Babesia equi with no regrowth, while regrowth of Theileria equi still occurs at this concentration^[1].
Chalcone 4 hydrate (0.25× IC₅₀-4× IC₅₀; 4 days) exhibits additive or synergistic in vitro growth inhibitory activity against Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens, Babesia equi, and Theileria equi, with no antagonistic interactions when used in combination with Diminazene aceturate (HY-12404), Atovaquone (HY-13832), or Clofazimine (HY-B1046)^[1].
Chalcone 4 hydrate (12.5-500 μM; 24 h) exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro against Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human foreskin fibroblast cell lines, with the highest selectivity index of 24.3 observed for Theileria equi and human foreskin fibroblasts^[1].

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