Hydroxy Fatty Acids

(R)-Leucic acid (D-α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid) is an orally active D-isomer of the α-hydroxy analogue of Leucine (HY-N0486). (R)-Leucic acid is a metabolite of Lactobacillus and can promote intestinal fatty acid absorption by upregulating CD36 expression. (R)-Leucic acid can be used to study microbe-host interactions and the regulation of lipid metabolism by probiotics.

2-Hydroxypalmitic acid is an intermediate in the phytosphingosine metabolic pathway. 2-Hydroxypalmitic acid is exclusively incorporated into sphingolipids and not used for other lipids. 2-Hydroxypalmitic acid promotes the production of odd-carbon phosphatidylcholine species. 2-Hydroxypalmitic acid is applicable to studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae infection.

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE), the product of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) metabolism of linoleic acid, functions as the endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. (S)-Coriolic acid is an important intracellular signal agent and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems. (S)-Coriolic acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial injury.

10-Hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) is a PPARα agonist. 10-Hydroxystearic acid stimulates collagen synthesis. 10-Hydroxystearic acid is an anti-aging agent and reduces the appearance of pores and hyperpigmented lesions.

3-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (3-Hydroxypalmitic acid; 3HHA) is a long-chain fatty acid. 3-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid accumulates in LCHAD defciency disorder.

Ricinoleic acid (purity≥85%), a hydroxy fatty acid, is an attractive feedstock for the production of high-performance lubricants, cosmetics, polymers, surfactants, and coatings. Ricinoleic acid is the main active ingredient of Castor oil (HY-107799). Ricinoleic acid is the agonist for prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3 receptor) (EC₅₀ in MEG-01 is 0.5 μM), that causes laxative effects and uterine contraction. Ricinoleic acid exhibits antianxiety-like, anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties.

FR901464 is a potent spliceosome inhibitor with prominent anti-tumor and anti-cancer effects.

(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite and a disease marker of depression. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA, and can be used as an energy source by the brain when blood glucose is low.

2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid (2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)-Butanoic Acid) is an orally active source of methionine. 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid reduces the expression of multiple mRNAs (BHMT, MTR, MAT1A, SAHH, and PCK1). 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid increases milk production in periparturient cows.

ABTL-0812 (α-Hydroxylinoleic acid) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy. ABTL-0812 is a first-in-class small molecule with anti-cancer activity.

13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 participates in Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 to alleviate opioid-induced constipation by 5-HT pathway.

2-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor with a K_i of 500 μM.

DL-Serine, a fundamental metabolite, is a mixture of D-Serine and L-Serine. DL-Serine has antiviral activity against the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Oleoyl coenzyme A (Oleoyl-CoA) lithium is a thioester of oleic acid and coenzyme A. Oleoyl coenzyme A lithium has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite.

Thromboxane B2 is a prostaglandin derivative that is released during anaphylaxis. Thromboxane B2 induces arterial contraction and platelet aggregation. Thromboxane B2 is a biological inactive product and circulating catabolite of thromboxane A2. Thromboxane B2 levels in peripheral venous blood and coronary sinus blood can be used as a diagnostic marker for angina. Thromboxane B2 level in serum is also associated with inhibition of COX-1 activity inhibition in platelets. Thromboxane B2 is a major product of prostaglandin endoperoxide metabolism. Thromboxane B2 produces dose-related decreases in airflow rate, tidal volume and dynamic lung compliance, whilst simultaneously increasing pulmonary airway resistance in dog model. Thromboxane B2 appears to be a naturally occurring bronchoactive metabolite in the bioconversion of arachidonic acid.

Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is produced by the action of dipeptidase on LTD4. Leukotriene E4 is one of the constituents of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Leukotriene E4 accumulates in both plasma and urine and urinary excretion of Leukotriene E4 is most often used as an indicator of asthma.

2-Hydroxyadipic acid is a dicarboxylic acid and monomer for functional polymers.2-Hydroxyadipic acid bears structural similarity to adipic acid.2-Hydroxyadipic acid forms via oxidative C-C cleavage of 2-hydroxycyclohexanone as a sustainable monomer source.

Butyryl-Coenzyme A (Butyryl CoA) sodium is a coenzyme A-containing derivative of Butyric acid. Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium is responsible for the final step of Butyrate production in bacteria.

(Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (2-Hydroxyoleic acid) is a synthetic oleic acid (OA) derivative that binds to the plasma membrane and alters lipid organization. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid has anti-tumor effect.

9(S)-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is the major active derivative of Linoleic acid (HY-N0729). 9(S)-HODE regulates the expression of miR-361-3p. 9(S)-HODE reduces cancer cell viability and induces cancer cell apoptosis. 9(S)-HODE can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia.