Rhoifolin
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside can be isolated from Rhus succedanea. Rhoifolin has anti-diabetic effect acting through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation. Rhoifolin has an anti-inflammatory action via multi-level regulation of inflammatory mediators. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Rhoifolin also has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.25%
- CAS No.: 17306-46-6
- Formula: C27H30O14
- Molecular Weight:578.52
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Rhoifolin
More
Biological Activity
Description
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insulin receptor-β |
GLUT4 |
NF-κB |
MAPK |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| Erythrocyte | IC50 |
95.9 μM
Compound: 13
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Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced hemolysis in rat RBC after 3 hrs
Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced hemolysis in rat RBC after 3 hrs
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[PMID: 12828473] |
In Vitro
Rhoifolin (0-0.1 μM) has cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines with 77.0 nM, 60.1 nM, 39.0 nM, 10.7 nM and 10.1 nM in MRC-5, HCT, HepG2, HeLa and Hep2, respectively[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Swiss albino mice (10 Gy irradiation induced certain haematological and cardiac biochemical abnormalities)[4]
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Dosage:12, 24, 30, 36, and 40 mg/kg
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Administration:PO, for 7 days
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Result:Diminished the toxic effect of radiation by decreasing the level of lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde, ameliorating the alterations in nitric oxide, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase in plasma and tissue and the plasma lipid profile.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 17306-46-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 578.52
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Formula C27H30O14
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C(C=C(C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)OC2=CC(O[C@H](O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)[C@@H]3O[C@@](O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)([H])[C@@H]4O)=C5)C2=C5O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Metabolism
2026 May 20:182:156651. PMID: 42162901
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (108.03 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.60 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.60 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Kinase activity and phosphorylation assays
Kinase activity assays measure the ability of kinases to transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific substrates, while phosphorylation assays detect the presence and levels of phosphorylated proteins. Common methods include radiolabeled ATP incorporation (e. g. ,), ADP release detection via bioluminescence (e. g. ,[3]), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for phospho-specific epitopes (e. g. ,[6]), and microtiter-based formats for high-throughput screening (e. g. ,[8]). The ADP-Glo assay quantifies kinase activity by measuring ADP produced during phosphorylation using a luciferase-based system. Radiometric assays involve autoradiography or scintillation counting after incorporation of 32P-labeled ATP into substrate proteins. ELISA-based approaches rely on phospho-specific antibodies to detect activated kinases in cell lysates or purified samples.
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Western Blot
Western blotting (WB) is a commonly used experimental method in molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunogenetics for identifying and quantifying target proteins. It combines gel electrophoresis with immunoassay, enabling researchers to analyze protein expression, post-translational modifications, and molecular weight.
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Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
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Research Protocol for Endocrine Diseases
Endocrine diseases often arise from disrupted hormone production, hormone signaling, or target-tissue responsiveness; for diabetes-focused endocrine disease models, insulin signaling regulates glucose uptake, hepatic glucose output, lipid metabolism, and β-cell compensation. Type 2 diabetes develops through interacting defects in insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, adipose inflammation, hepatic glucose overproduction, altered incretin signaling, and ectopic lipid metabolism. A major unresolved question is whether endocrine dysfunction is driven primarily by target-tissue insulin resistance, intrinsic β-cell failure, immune/inflammatory stress, or combined multi-organ failure that differs by disease stage.
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Protocol for Kinase activity and phosphorylation assays
Kinase activity assays measure transfer of phosphate from ATP to a protein or peptide substrate, generating phosphorylated substrate, ADP, or incorporated radiolabeled phosphate as the readout; phosphorylation assays measure site-specific phosphorylation in cells or tissues as a proxy for kinase-pathway activation, inhibition, or substrate regulation. Phosphorylation can be detected by phospho-specific Western blot, immunoprecipitation kinase assay, phospho-immunofluorescence, phospho-flow cytometry, luminescent ADP detection, radiolabeled ATP incorporation, or reporter-based pathway assays, and these readouts can be applied to cancer cells, primary neurons, mouse tumors, organoids, inflammatory macrophages, ferroptosis studies, and mitophagy studies when the kinase target is biologically relevant.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Osteoclast differentiation from monocyte/macrophage precursors
Osteoclast differentiation is an in vitro induction assay in which monocyte/macrophage-lineage precursors are exposed to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), generating multinucleated osteoclasts that are commonly identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and functionally confirmed by resorption pits on dentin, bone, or mineralized substrates. M-CSF supports survival and expansion of osteoclast precursors, while RANKL binding to RANK drives osteoclast commitment, fusion, maturation, and resorptive function; osteoprotegerin inhibits this pathway by binding RANKL and preventing RANK activation. The main readouts are the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, formation of F-actin rings, and resorbed surface area; TRAP-positive multinucleated cells indicate osteoclast differentiation, whereas pit formation on dentin, bone, or mineralized coating indicates functional bone-resorbing activity.
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Rao YK, et al. Insulin-Mimetic Action of Rhoifolin and Cosmosiin Isolated from Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck Leaves: Enhanced Adiponectin Secretion and Insulin Receptor Phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:624375. [Content Brief]
[2]. Liao S, et al. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug;234(10):17600-17611. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.7285 mL | 8.6427 mL | 17.2855 mL | 43.2137 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3457 mL | 1.7285 mL | 3.4571 mL | 8.6427 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1729 mL | 0.8643 mL | 1.7285 mL | 4.3214 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1152 mL | 0.5762 mL | 1.1524 mL | 2.8809 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0864 mL | 0.4321 mL | 0.8643 mL | 2.1607 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0691 mL | 0.3457 mL | 0.6914 mL | 1.7285 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0576 mL | 0.2881 mL | 0.5762 mL | 1.4405 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0432 mL | 0.2161 mL | 0.4321 mL | 1.0803 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0346 mL | 0.1729 mL | 0.3457 mL | 0.8643 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0288 mL | 0.1440 mL | 0.2881 mL | 0.7202 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0216 mL | 0.1080 mL | 0.2161 mL | 0.5402 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0173 mL | 0.0864 mL | 0.1729 mL | 0.4321 mL |
Rhoifolin Related Classifications
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