Monosaccharides

D-Erythrose 4-phosphate sodium is a phosphate sodium of the simple sugar Erythrose. Erythritol is actually converted into D-Erythrose 4-phosphate that involves three isomerases.

L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a noncompetitive manner and suppresses the plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion.

3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) sodium is a prebiotic, maintains immune homeostasis and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. 3'-Sialyllactose sodium is an ordinary carbohydrate with the lowest toxicity rating, it can be used for the research of inflammation.

(Z)-PUGNAc is a potent O-GlcNAcase inhibitor. (Z)-PUGNAc is a vastly more potent inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase than the E form.

Xylose (D-(+)-Xylose) is a natural pentose sugar that is catalyzed by xylose isomerase to form xylulose, which is a key step in the anaerobic ethanol fermentation of Xylose. Xylose can be used by microorganisms to produce fuels, chemicals, and bulk industrial enzymes. Xylose provides the substances and energy for cells, as a carbon source for the biosynthesis of high-value chemicals and biofuel. Xylose can be used to fully explore lignocellulose resources and provide a new direction for microbia fermentation.

5-Bromo-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside (Bluo-Gal) is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside is hydrolyzed by the enzyme to generate a 5-bromoindole intermediate, which is further oxidized to form an insoluble blue precipitate. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside can specifically recognize bacterial β-galactosidases (such as the product of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene) and reacts at pH 7.4, making it suitable for light and electron microscopic observations. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside can be used in histochemical detection of reporter gene expression in transgenic organisms, such as the localization analysis of β-galactosidase activity in mouse embryos or muscle tissues.

Topiramate (McN 4853) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic agent. Topiramate is a GluR5 receptor antagonist. Topiramate produces its antiepileptic effects through enhancement of GABAergic activity, inhibition of kainate/AMPA receptors, inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium channels, increases in potassium conductance, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Glucopyranoside, a β-D-glucoside, is a fluorogenic substrate for β-glucosidase, utilizes to assay β-glucosidase activity. 4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Glucopyranoside releases the highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU), which has an emission maximum at 445-454 nm. The excitation maximum for 4-MU is pH-dependent: 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively.

D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.

D-Glucose-6-phosphate disodium salt is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (Duvoglustat) is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features.

D-Xylulose 5-phosphate sodium is a pentose phosphate ester and an essential intermediate metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. D-xylulose-5-phosphate sodium can be efficiently synthesized through the phosphorylation of D-xylulose catalyzed by D-xylulokinase (XKS1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), with ATP regeneration facilitated by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)/pyruvate kinase (PK) system.

D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a monosaccharide found in honey, fruits, and other plants. Two D-Fructose molecules can combine to form a disaccharide, sucrose.

D-N-Acetylgalactosamine is an endogenous metabolite.

1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride is a selective class I α1,2-mannosidase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 20 μM. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride is also a N-linked glycosylation inhibitor. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride has antiviral activity against HIV‐1 strains . 1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride increases high mannose structures. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride can be used for the study of liver cancer and colon cancer.

Fosfructose trisodium (Diphosphofructose trisodium, Esafosfan trisodium, FDP trisodium) is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate used in research on cardiovascular ischemia, sickle cell anemia, and asthma. Fosfructose trisodium acts by stimulating anaerobic glycolysis, which produces adenosine triphosphate under ischemic conditions.

L-Threonic acid magnesium (Magnesium L-threonate) is the enantiomer of Threonic acid and the metabolite of vitamin C (HY-B0166). L-Threonic acid magnesium is a magnesium supplementation, that improves the brain magnesium concentration, inhibits the activation of TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway. L-Threonic acid magnesium can be used in research of Alzheimer’s disease. L-Threonic acid magnesium is orally active.

1F-Fructofuranosylnystose can be used in the synthesis of Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). Fructooligosaccharides exhibit lots of beneficial effects on our health and have been used as food ingredients.

Zinc Gluconate is a zinc supplement in the form of a gluconate salt, which plays a role in various physiological processes such as immune function, wound healing, and olfaction. Zinc Gluconate has a LD₅₀ of 39.6 mg/kg in mice (Tail vein injection). Zinc Gluconate can be used in the research of inflammation, zinc deficiency, colds, cancer, and nutritional supplements.

(-)-Fucose is classified as a member of the hexoses, plays a role in A and B blood group antigen substructure determination, selectin-mediated leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, and host-microbe interactions. (-)-Fucose is orally active, inhibits CL11-induced inflammatory response in kidney and tumor growth.