fatty acid biosynthesis pathway

Pathways Recommended:	MAPK/ERK Pathway

By Targets:	Autophagy (1) Bacterial (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (3) Deubiquitinase (1) Endogenous Metabolite (7) Ferroptosis (4) Glutathione Peroxidase (2) Parasite (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (1) Reference Standards (2)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (5) Infection (1) Metabolic Disease (8) Neurological Disease (1)
Oligonucleotides:	Nucleotide Analogs (2)

Targets Recommended: Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) Free Fatty Acid Receptor Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) FATP FABP FAAH ELOVL

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-F0003

NADPH tetrasodium salt 15+ Cited Publications	Ferroptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
NADPH tetrasodium salt functions as an important cofactor in a variety of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. NADPH tetrasodium salt is an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis. NADPH tetrasodium salt plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids and biopolymers, while also being required for lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cell replication .

HY-W015924

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

HY-E70009

Acyl-CoA oxidase ACO	Glutathione Peroxidase	Others
Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) is a peroxisomal catalyst. Acyl-CoA oxidase acts as a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. Acyl-CoA oxidase participates in lipid catabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis pathways .

HY-N7392A

Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate 3-Oxobutanoyl-coenzyme A sodium hydrate	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Acetoacetyl CoA sodium hydrate is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA sodium hydrate is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .

HY-F0003A

NADPH tetracyclohexanamine 15+ Cited Publications	Ferroptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
NADPH tetracyclohexanamine functions as an important cofactor in a variety of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. NADPH tetracyclohexanamine is an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis. NADPH tetracyclohexanamine plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids and biopolymers, while also being required for lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cell replication .

HY-N7392

Acetoacetyl-CoA 3-Oxobutanoyl-coenzyme A	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .

HY-F0003R

NADPH tetrasodium salt (Standard)	Reference Standards Ferroptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
NADPH tetrasodium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADPH tetrasodium salt (HY-F0003). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADPH tetrasodium salt functions as an important cofactor in a variety of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. NADPH tetrasodium salt is an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis. NADPH tetrasodium salt plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids and biopolymers, while also being required for lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cell replication.

HY-176557

NCI677397	Deubiquitinase Ferroptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Glutathione Peroxidase Autophagy	Cancer
NCI677397 is a USP24 inhibitor. NCI677397 increases lipid ROS, activates cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, degrades ABC transporters, GPX4 and DHFR through the autophagy pathway, decreases the level of P-gp and ultimately leads to ferroptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells. NCI677397 can be used for the study of lung caner and brain cancer .

HY-W015924R

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

HY-160633

PfFAS-II inhibitor 1	Parasite	Infection
PfFAS-II inhibitor 1 (Compound 3) is a Plasmodium falciparum type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (PfFAS-II) inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.63 μM for PfFabI enzyme. PfFAS-II inhibitor 1 has antimalarial activity .

HY-E70009A

Acyl-CoA oxidase, Arthrobacter sp.	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Acyl-CoA oxidase, Arthrobacter sp. (EC 1.3.3.6) is a redox enzyme that acts on the CH-CH group in donor molecules and uses oxygen as an acceptor. Acyl-CoA oxidase, Arthrobacter sp. (EC 1.3.3.6) is involved in three metabolic pathways: fatty acid metabolism, polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and the PPAR signaling pathway.

HY-186235

3-Hydroxydecanoyl-NAC	Bacterial Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
3-Hydroxydecanoyl-NAC is a substrate mimetic of the bacterial fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, and exhibits activity against FabA and FabG of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3-Hydroxydecanoyl-NAC acts as a stable mimetic of acyl carrier protein-linked fatty acids, which are key intermediates in the bacterial FASII pathway. 3-Hydroxydecanoyl-NAC serves as a substrate for Pseudomonas aeruginosa FabA, enabling the measurement of the dehydration activity of this enzyme .

HY-148747

Ganglioside GD3 (d18:1/12:0)	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Neurological Disease Cancer
Ganglioside GD3 (d18:1/12:0) is a type of glycosphingolipid, the d18:1 indicates the sphingosine base, and the 12:0 represents the fatty acid part which is lauric acid. Ganglioside GD3 (d18:1/12:0) is a crucial intermediate in the biosynthesis pathway of gangliosides and is mainly found in the brain tissues of mammals. Ganglioside GD3 (d18:1/12:0) plays significant roles in development, cell signal transduction, and various diseases .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L064

Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library	1,730 compounds
Glutamine is an important metabolic fuel that helps rapidly proliferating cells meet the increased demand for ATP, biosynthetic precursors, and reducing agents. Glutamine Metabolism pathway involves the initial deamination of glutamine by glutaminase(GLS), yielding glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate is converted to the TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by either glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or by the alanine or aspartate transaminases (TAs), to produce both ATP and anabolic carbons for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and lipids. During periods of hypoxia or mitochondrial dysfunction, α-KG can be converted to citrate in a reductive carboxylation reaction catalyzed by IDH2. The newly formed citrate exits the mitochondria where it is used to synthesize fatty acids and amino acids and produce the reducing agent, NADPH. Cancer cells display an altered metabolic circuitry that is directly regulated by oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressors. Mounting evidence indicates that altered glutamine metabolism in cancer cells has critical roles in supporting macromolecule biosynthesis, regulating signaling pathways, and maintaining redox homeostasis, all of which contribute to cancer cell proliferation and survival. Thus, intervention in glutamine metabolic processes could provide novel approaches to improve cancer treatment. MCE owns a unique collection of 1,730 compounds targeting the mainly proteins and enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism pathway. Glutamine Metabolism compound library is a useful tool for intervention in glutamine metabolic processes.

Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library

1,730 compounds

Glutamine is an important metabolic fuel that helps rapidly proliferating cells meet the increased demand for ATP, biosynthetic precursors, and reducing agents. Glutamine Metabolism pathway involves the initial deamination of glutamine by glutaminase(GLS), yielding glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate is converted to the TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by either glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or by the alanine or aspartate transaminases (TAs), to produce both ATP and anabolic carbons for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and lipids. During periods of hypoxia or mitochondrial dysfunction, α-KG can be converted to citrate in a reductive carboxylation reaction catalyzed by IDH2. The newly formed citrate exits the mitochondria where it is used to synthesize fatty acids and amino acids and produce the reducing agent, NADPH.

Cancer cells display an altered metabolic circuitry that is directly regulated by oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressors. Mounting evidence indicates that altered glutamine metabolism in cancer cells has critical roles in supporting macromolecule biosynthesis, regulating signaling pathways, and maintaining redox homeostasis, all of which contribute to cancer cell proliferation and survival. Thus, intervention in glutamine metabolic processes could provide novel approaches to improve cancer treatment.

MCE owns a unique collection of 1,730 compounds targeting the mainly proteins and enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism pathway. Glutamine Metabolism compound library is a useful tool for intervention in glutamine metabolic processes.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-N7392

Acetoacetyl-CoA 3-Oxobutanoyl-coenzyme A	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W015924

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

HY-N7392A

Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate 3-Oxobutanoyl-coenzyme A sodium hydrate	Alkaloids Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetyl CoA sodium hydrate is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA sodium hydrate is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .

HY-N7392

Acetoacetyl-CoA 3-Oxobutanoyl-coenzyme A	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .

HY-W015924R

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-F0003

NADPH tetrasodium salt 15+ Cited Publications		Nucleotide Analogs
NADPH tetrasodium salt functions as an important cofactor in a variety of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. NADPH tetrasodium salt is an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis. NADPH tetrasodium salt plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids and biopolymers, while also being required for lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cell replication .

HY-F0003A

NADPH tetracyclohexanamine 15+ Cited Publications		Nucleotide Analogs
NADPH tetracyclohexanamine functions as an important cofactor in a variety of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. NADPH tetracyclohexanamine is an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis. NADPH tetracyclohexanamine plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids and biopolymers, while also being required for lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cell replication .

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fatty acid biosynthesis pathway

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