Hydroxy Fatty Acid Standards

Capsaicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capsaicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin induces a nociceptive response by binding to its receptors. Capsaicin has analgesic effects on neurological disorders. Capsaicin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid can modulate the properties of membrane lipids[1].

Leucic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Leucic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Leucic acid is an amino acid metabolite.

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid. This product is used for research and analytical applications. 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal endogenous metabolite excreted in urine. The urinary excretion of 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid serves as an early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency.

D-Panthenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Panthenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Panthenol is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell. D-panthenol exhibits nephroprotective effect in AKI, promotes tissue repair and regeneration.

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid (HY-75954). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is a metabolite. 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is elevated in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid does not promote the proliferation, migration or invasion of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells. 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid can be used in the research of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

(R)-Leucic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (R)-Leucic acid (HY-30216). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (R)-Leucic acid (D-α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid) is the D-isomer of the α-hydroxy analogue of Leucine (HY-N0486). (R)-Leucic acid is a metabolite of Lactobacillus and can promote intestinal fatty acid absorption by upregulating CD36 expression. (R)-Leucic acid can be used to study microbe-host interactions and the regulation of lipid metabolism by probiotics.

(S)-Leucic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (S)-Leucic acid (HY-30215). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (S)-Leucic acid is a metabolite of Leucine. (S)-Leucic acid has anabolic effects, particularly promoting muscle protein synthesis. (S)-Leucic acid can be used in the diagnosis of pregnancy loss.

Ascorbyl palmitate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ascorbyl palmitate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating an vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive.

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (Standard) is an analytical standard for 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (HY-W592871). This product is intended for research and analytical applications.10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is an orally active unsaturated medium-chain fatty acid with various physiological activities. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in human venous endothelial cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by activating the AMPK-α signaling pathway. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid protects against bone loss by inhibiting NF-κB signaling downstream of FFAR4. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is an antibiotic against many bacteria and fungi, such as Neurospora sitophila, molds and Staphylococcus aureus. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid has longevity-promoting effects in C. elegans. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid prevents osteoarthritis by targeting aspartyl β hydroxylase and inhibiting chondrocyte senescence.

2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (α-Hydroxyisovaleric acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (HY-W008150). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid is an α-hydroxy analogue of valine and a valine precursor that reduces urea excretion. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid can promote the growth of chickens and rats, and is converted into valine in the body, participating in protein synthesis and maintaining nitrogen balance, thereby supporting animal growth and development. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid has a more significant effect on the valine-deficient dietary model. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid is mainly used in animal nutrition research to evaluate its potential application as a nitrogen source substitute in feed.

2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.

3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid (HY-113058). 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a hydroxylated fatty acid that has been found in the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in methyl-branched poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) polymers produced by Pseudomonas oleophores. It is an agonist of the orphan receptor GPR109B, increasing intracellular calcium in human neutrophils endogenously expressing GPR109B. 3-Hydroxycaprylic acid prevents lipolysis in human adipocytes and is upregulated in human plasma in response to a ketogenic diet.

(S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid is the S-enantiomer of 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid. 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, a coproduct of protein metabolism, is an insulin resistance (IR) biomarker[1].

(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (HY-W050031). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite and a disease marker for depression. (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA and can be used by the brain as an energy source when blood sugar is low.

2-Hydroxyoctanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyoctanoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 500 μM[1].

Myriocin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Myriocin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Myriocin (Thermozymocidin), a fungal metabolite could be isolated from Myriococcum albomyces, Isaria sinclairi and Mycelia sterilia, is a potent inhibitor of serine-palmitoyl-transferase (SPT) and a key enzyme in de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. Myriocin suppresses replication of both the subgenomic HCV-1b replicon and the JFH-1 strain of genotype 2a infectious HCV, with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL for inhibiting HCV infection[1][2][3].

(Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (2-Hydroxyoleic acid) is a synthetic oleic acid (OA) derivative that binds to the plasma membrane and alters lipid organization. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid has anti-tumor effect[1].

3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid (Standard) is an analytical standard for 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid. This product is intended for use in research and analytical applications. 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid. 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid activates GPR84 and promotes IL-12 production. 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid has anticancer activity against colon cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma.