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" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

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By Research Areas:	Cancer (190) Cardiovascular Disease (250) Endocrinology (89) Infection (114) Inflammation/Immunology (277) Metabolic Disease (316) Neurological Disease (533)
Click Chemistry:	Alkynes (5)
Oligonucleotides:	Release-retarding Agents (1) Solvents (1) CpG ODNs (2) Adjuvant (1) Sweetening Agents (1)

1439

Inhibitors & Agonists

Fluorescent Dyes

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123

Peptides

MCE Kits

Inhibitory Antibodies

226

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Click Chemistry

Oligonucleotides

GMP Molecules

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-W011873

Palmitoleic acid 5+ Cited Publications	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

HY-N0300

Tetrahydropalmatine 3 Publications Verification DL-Tetrahydropalmatine	Dopamine Receptor Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats .

HY-B1513

α-Cyclodextrin 2 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants SARS-CoV Microtubule/Tubulin	Infection Metabolic Disease Cancer
α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) is a soluble fiber derived from corn. α-Cyclodextrin can deplete sphingolipids and phospholipids from cell membranes. α-Cyclodextrin interacts with tubulin. α-Cyclodextrin improves defenses against SARS-CoV-2 infection. α-Cyclodextrin enhances the anticancer efficacy of Crcumin (HY-N0005) against breast, lung and cervical cancer. α-Cyclodextrin has beneficial effects on body weight and blood lipids .

HY-107322

Barnidipine hydrochloride Mepirodipine hydrochloride; YM-09730-5	Calcium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease
Barnidipine (Mepirodipine) hydrochloride is an L-type calcium antagonist (CaA) with high affinity for [ ³H] initrendipine binding sites (K_i = 0.21 nmol/L, has selective action against CaA receptors. Barnidipine hydrochloride is an orally active antihypertensive agent that can reduce the level of platelet-derived growth factor B-chain mRNA and peripheral vascular resistance .

HY-B1978

Iprodione	Environmental Pollutants Fungal Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Androgen Receptor	Infection
Iprodione is an orally active diformimide fungicide. Iprodione can specifically cause oxidative damage by producing free radicals (ROS). Iprodione is also an antiandrogen agent that delays adolescent development in rats and reduces sexual behavior and reproductive ability in rats .

HY-B1095

Chlormadinone acetate 1 Publications Verification	Progesterone Receptor Androgen Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Chlormadinone acetate is a progestogen with potent progestogenic activity and antiandrogenic effects. Chlormadinone acetate acts on glucocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, and GABA_A receptor. Chlormadinone acetate induces endometrial proliferation in estrogen-pretreated rabbits, inhibits testosterone-stimulated growth of the prostate and seminal vesicles in castrated rats, and reduces the thymus and adrenal weights in juvenile rats. Chlormadinone acetate is applicable to research related to diseases such as depression and reproductive metabolic disorders .

HY-14785

Befiradol NLX-112; F13640	5-HT Receptor	Neurological Disease
Befiradol (NLX-112) is a highly selective 5-HT₁A receptor agonist that acts on both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites. Befiradol attenuates fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in neonatal and adult rats. Befiradol reduces the duration of fentanyl-induced analgesia and sedation in adult rats. Befiradol can be used in studies related to opioid-induced respiratory depression .

HY-107482

Picamilon Nicotinoyl-GABA; Nicotinoyl-γ-aminobutyric acid	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
Picamilon is an orally active derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid that has nootropic effect. Picamilon improves the epilepsy model in rats and promotes correction of functional disorders of the pancreas during Alloxan (HY-W017227)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats .

HY-N2109

Macranthoidin A	Others	Others
Macranthoidin A is a saponin. Macranthoidin A can be isolated from the plasma of rats administered oral extracts of Lonicera saponins .

HY-123068

Captopril disulfide SQ 14551	Drug Derivative	Cardiovascular Disease
Captopril disulfide (SQ 14551) is an orally active disulfide dimer prodrug. Captopril disulfide is metabolized to Captopril and acts as a Bradykinin potentiator. Captopril disulfide enhances the vasodilatory effect of Bradykinin in anesthetized rats and the contractile response of isolated guinea pig ileum to Bradykinin. Captopril disulfide exhibits antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Captopril disulfide can be used in hypertension-related research .

HY-N0300A

Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride 3 Publications Verification DL-Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride	Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
Tetrahydropalmatine (DL-Tetrahydropalmatine) hydrochloride possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats .

HY-B0962

Piperidolate hydrochloride	mAChR	Neurological Disease
Piperidolate hydrochloride is an antimuscarinic, inhibits intestinal cramp induced by acetylcholine (rats and dogs).

HY-B0962A

Piperidolate	mAChR	Neurological Disease
Piperidolate is an antimuscarinic, inhibits intestinal cramp induced by acetylcholine (rats and dogs).

HY-N11503

Disialyllacto-N-tetraose	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Disialyllacto-N-tetraose is a human milk oligosaccharide that prevents necrotising enterocolitis in neonatal rats .

HY-114914

3-Hydroxylidocaine	Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease
3-Hydroxylidocaine is the major metabolite of Lidocaine (HY-B0185) in rats and sheep .

HY-12783A

SCH 50911	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
SCH 50911 is a selective, orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable GABA-B receptor (GABA-B Receptor) antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 1.1 μM in rats. SCH 50911 blocks baclofen-induced antitussive effects, regulates neuronal firing and GABA release. SCH 50911 promotes spontaneous seizures during withdrawal in ethanol-dependent rats, alters reward-related neurotransmission, and reduces or suppresses lever responding and self-administration behaviors of alcohol and sucrose in rats. SCH 50911 is applicable to research related to ethanol withdrawal syndrome, absence epilepsy and alcohol use disorder .

HY-W203728

L-β-Imidazolelactic acid	Amino Acid Derivatives	Neurological Disease
L-β-Imidazolelactic acid is a histidine derivative and an oxidizing agent that can trigger antioxidant effects in the brain cortex of rats .

HY-121528

Nilestriol Nylestriol; EE3CPE	Estrogen Receptor/ERR	Endocrinology
Nilestriol is a estriol derivative, which inhibits osteoporosis on ovariectomized rats or postmenopausal women .

HY-W013113

BTMPS	Environmental Pollutants nAChR	Neurological Disease
BTMPS is a nicotine receptor (nAChR) antagonist that can lessen the negative effects of morphine on rats .

HY-105495

Iliparcil	Glycosyltransferase	Cardiovascular Disease
Iliparcil has a potent antithrombotic activity in the Wessler model in rats. Iliparcil has oral activity .

HY-116239

Zenarestat 1 Publications Verification	Aldose Reductase	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Zenarestat is a potent and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor. Zenarestat improves diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats .

HY-W092533

6-Fluorotryptophan	Tryptophan Hydroxylase	Neurological Disease
6-Fluorotryptophan, a competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, produced a transient disruption of sleep in rats chronically implanted with EEG recording electrodes .

HY-20874

Deschlorodemethyldiazepam	Drug Metabolite	Others
Deschlorodemethyldiazepam is a benzodiazepines compound. Deschlorodemethyldiazepam can be hydroxylated in vitro by liver microsomal enzymes obtained from rats or mice .

HY-19105A

IT 066 hydrochloride	Histamine Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
IT 066 hydrochloride is a Histamine H₂ receptor antagonist. IT 066 hydrochloride possesses antioxidant activity and can protect rats against acute gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. IT 066 hydrochloride can also inhibit secretagogue-induced gastric acid secretion in rats and exert a long-acting anti-lesion effect on experimental gastric and duodenal lesions in rats. IT 066 hydrochloride is applicable for the research of gastrointestinal diseases .

HY-107482A

Picamilon sodium Nicotinoyl-GABA sodium; Nicotinoyl-γ-aminobutyric acid sodium; Sodium 4-(nicotinamido)butanoate	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
Picamilon sodium is an orally active derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid that has nootropic effect. Picamilon sodium improves the epilepsy model in rats and promotes correction of functional disorders of the pancreas during Alloxan (HY-W017227)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats .

HY-W581820

Iron(II) succinate Ferrous succinate	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Cardiovascular Disease
Iron(II) succinate (Ferrous succinate) is an orally active and organic acid iron supplement (ferrous salt). Iron(II) succinate improves hematological parameters in iron-deficiency anemia rats, including hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Iron(II) succinate increases serum ferritin, serum iron levels, and transferrin saturation, while decreasing total iron-binding capacity in iron-deficiency anemia rats. Iron(II) succinate reduces the elevated heart, spleen, and kidney coefficients, and increases the decreased liver coefficient in iron-deficiency anemia rats. Iron(II) succinate replenishes the depleted iron content in the liver and spleen of iron-deficiency anemia rats. Iron(II) succinate can be used for the research of iron-deficiency anemia .

HY-144289

BMS-820132	Glucokinase	Metabolic Disease
BMS-820132 is an orally active and partial glucokinase (GK) activator with a AC₅₀ of 29 nM. BMS-820132 decreases the glucose levels in glucose tolerance test (OGTT) model in normal rats, but not Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. BMS-820132 exhibits pharmacological toxicity secondary to strong GK activation .

HY-B1978R

Iprodione (Standard)	Reference Standards Fungal Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Androgen Receptor	Infection
Iprodione (Standard) is the analytical standard of Iprodione. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Iprodione is an orally active diformimide fungicide. Iprodione can specifically cause oxidative damage by producing free radicals (ROS). Iprodione is also an antiandrogen agent that delays adolescent development in rats and reduces sexual behavior and reproductive ability in rats .

HY-15402

Edonentan BMS 207940	Endothelin Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease
Edonentan (BMS 207940) is an antagonist for endothelin receptor (ET_A receptor), with a K_i of 10 pM. Edonentan is metabolic stable, exhibits good pharmakokinetic characters in rats. Edonentan regulates the endothelin system, blocks the big Endothelin-induced pressor response in rats model .

HY-W011873A

Palmitoleic acid sodium 5+ Cited Publications C16:1(9Z); C16:1 n-7; (9Z)-Hexadecenoic acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Palmitoleic acid sodium, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

HY-107652

AF-DX 384	mAChR	Neurological Disease
AF-DX 384 is a selective antagonist of M2 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (K_is=6.03 and 10 nM, respectively) . AF-DX 384 reverses deficits in novel object recognition and passive avoidance in aged rats, as well as in young rats with impairments induced by scopolamine .

HY-119602

Rolziracetam CI-911	Drug Derivative	Neurological Disease
Rolziracetam is a nootropic agent of the racetam family and improves short-term memory in rats and monkeys .

HY-129208

Viridicatumtoxin	Antibiotic Fungal	Infection
Viridicatumtoxin is a new mycotoxin extracted from Penicillium viridicatum with a LD₅₀ of 122.4 mg/kg in rats.

HY-14785A

Befiradol hydrochloride NLX-112 hydrochloride; F 13640 hydrochloride	5-HT Receptor	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Befiradol (NLX-112) hydrochloride is a highly selective 5-HT₁A receptor agonist that acts on both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites. Befiradol hydrochloride attenuates fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in neonatal and adult rats. Befiradol reduces the duration of fentanyl-induced analgesia and sedation in adult rats. Befiradol hydrochloride can be used in studies related to opioid-induced respiratory depression .

HY-19604

SQ 26490	Glucocorticoid Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
SQ 26490 is an active corticoid, moderate-potency edema formation inhibitor. SQ 26490 inhibits edema formation in rats .

HY-129807

LY-228729	5-HT Receptor	Neurological Disease
LY-228729 is a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist. LY-228729 can reduce the rearing frequency of rats and decrease their activity in the central area in the open field test. LY-228729 can reduce the immobility time of rats and increase their swimming time in the forced swim test. LY-228729 can be used in the research of neurological diseases .

HY-111634

Epsilon-momfluorothrin	Constitutive Androstane Receptor	Cancer
Epsilon-momfluorothrin is a type I synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, activates constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and induces hepatocellular tumors in rats .

HY-137204

COR659	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
COR659 is a potent and effective GABA_B positive allosteric modulator (PAM). COR659 suppresses alcohol and chocolate self-administration in rats .

HY-120276

Golexanolone GR3027	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
Golexanolone is a GABA_A receptor modulating steroid antagonist. Golexanolone reduces peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and motor function in hyperammonemic rats .

HY-113555

DORA 42	Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor)	Neurological Disease
DORA 42 is a dual orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptor antagonist with sleep efficacy in rats. DORA 42 is promising for research of insomnia .

HY-171843

TD-6301	mAChR	Endocrinology
TD-6301 is a bladder-selective M_2/4 muscarinic receptor antagonist. TD-6301 binds to and blocks M_2/4 muscarinic receptors with high selectivity, especially human M₂ receptors with strong affinity (K_i = 0.36 nM). TD-6301 inhibits volume-induced bladder contractions (ID₅₀ = 0.075 mg/kg). TD-6301 can be used in the research of overactive bladder .

HY-105294

FR 64822	Dopamine Receptor	Others
FR 64822 is a dopamine D2 receptor agonist that can induce antinociceptive activity in rats and mice by indirectly stimulating dopamine D2 receptors. FR 64822 can promote penile erection in juvenile rats and improve amnesia in rats induced by scopolamine during passive avoidance tasks .

HY-126021

Mobam	Cholinesterase (ChE)	Neurological Disease
Mobam is a insecticide against Anoplura Pediculidae. Mobam inhibits cholinesterase (ChE) levels in rats plasma, erythrocytes, and brain, suppresses the avoidance behavior in rats .

HY-135238

(rel)-RSD 921 PD-117302	Opioid Receptor	Others
(rel)-RSD 921 (PD-117302) is a κ-opioid receptor agonist. (rel)-RSD 921 did not have a greater food-inducing effect in obese than in lean Zucker rats; in both obese and lean Zucker rats, lean rats were more sensitive to its initial food-inducing effect but ultimately ate less.

HY-120481

JNJ-40413269	FAAH	Neurological Disease
JNJ-40413269 is an inhibitor for FAAH, that inhibits human FAAH and rats FAAH with IC₅₀ of 28 nM and 270 nM. JNJ-40413269 exhibits analgesic efficacy in rat spinal nerve ligation model and exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats .

HY-N4209

3α-Dihydrocadambine	Others	Cardiovascular Disease
3α-Dihydrocadambine is a natural product isolated from the heartwoods of Anthocephalus cadamba.3α-Dihydrocadambine exhibits dose-dependent hypotensive and anti-hypertensive effects in anesthetized normotensive rats and in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats .

HY-121550

ME3221	Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)	Cardiovascular Disease
ME3221 is an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist that effectively antagonizes the pressor response to angiotensin II in rats and marmosets without affecting the hypotensive response to bradykinin. It demonstrates potent antihypertensive effects in renal hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). ME3221's repeated administration in SHR results in sustained and stable hypotensive effects without affecting heart rate, indicating its potential for studying both renal and essential hypertension .

HY-N1115

Tubotaiwine (+)-Tubotaiwine; NSC 306222; Tubotaiwin	Others	Cardiovascular Disease
Tubotaiwine ((+)-Tubotaiwine), an alkaloid, has beneficial effect on cadmium (Cd) induced hypertension in rats. Tubotaiwine regulates systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure of the Cd exposed rats. Tubotaiwine reduces arterial stiffness, inhibits of oxidative stress and increases vascular remodeling .

HY-111081

(±)-PPCC	Sigma Receptor	Neurological Disease
(±)-PPCC is a sigma-1 agonist that mainly interacts with sigma-1 receptors with K_i of 1.5 nM. (±)-PPCC has effective anti-amnesia effects in rats with mild or severe cognitive impairment, and can improve the cognitive abilities of rats .

HY-111081C

(±)-PPCC oxalate	Sigma Receptor	Neurological Disease
(±)-PPCC oxalate is a sigma-1 agonist that mainly interacts with sigma-1 receptors with K_i of 1.5 nM. (±)-PPCC oxalate has effective anti-amnesia effects in rats with mild or severe cognitive impairment, and can improve the cognitive abilities of rats .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W011873

Palmitoleic acid 5+ Cited Publications	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

HY-N0157

Orotic acid 3 Publications Verification 6-Carboxyuracil; Vitamin B13	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite
Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil), a precursor in biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and RNA, is released from the mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) for conversion to UMP by the cytoplasmic UMP synthase enzyme. Orotic acid is a marker for measurement in routine newborn screening for urea cycle disorders. Orotic acid can induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats .

HY-N0264

Ligustrazine 10+ Cited Publications Chuanxiongzine; Tetramethylpyrazine	Cardiovascular Disease Natural Products Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis Umbelliferae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis
Ligustrazine (Chuanxiongzine), an alkylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuan Xiong) , is present in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products and soy products as fragrance and flavouring ingredienexhibits. Ligustrazine also has potential nootropic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats .

HY-N0300

Tetrahydropalmatine 3 Publications Verification DL-Tetrahydropalmatine	Alkaloids Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Papaveraceae Source Classification	Dopamine Receptor Apoptosis
Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats .

HY-N0691

Schisandrin 3 Publications Verification Schizandrin; Schizandrol; Schizandrol-A	Classification of Application Fields Lignans Phenylpropanoids Plants Schisandraceae Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Autophagy
Schisandrin (Schizandrin), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, is isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Schisandrin exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Schisandrin also can reverses memory impairment in rats .

HY-134433

GDP-L-fucose	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
GDP-L-fucose is a nucleotide sugar that is a key substrate for the biosynthesis of fucose oligosaccharides, providing the fucose moiety for the oligosaccharides.The formation of GDP-L-fucose occurs through two pathways, the major ab initio metabolic pathway and the minor remedial metabolic pathway. GDP-L-fucose is associated with diabetes in rats .

HY-N2026

Propylparaben 1 Publications Verification Propyl parahydroxybenzoate; Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Monophenols Preservatives Classification of Application Fields Phenols Cosmetic Research Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Food Research	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Bacterial
Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antibacterial preservative that can be produced by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. Propylparaben disrupts follicular growth and steroidogenic function by altering cell cycle, apoptosis and steroidogenic pathways. Propylparaben also reduced sperm count and motility in rats .

HY-121401A

(−)-Myrtenal (1R)-(−)-Myrtenal; (−)-(1R,5S)-Myrtenal	Other Monoterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Labiatae Erythrina poeppigiana Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Akt
(-)-Myrtenal ((1R)-(-)-Myrtenal) is an orally active terpene with antitumour activity. (-)-Myrtenal ameliorates hyperglycemia by enhancing GLUT2 through Akt in the skeletal muscle and liver of diabetic rats .

HY-133668

Monoethyl phthalate	Other disease Disease markers Endogenous metabolite	Drug Metabolite Cytochrome P450 PPAR
Monoethyl phthalate is an orally active PDX-1 activator and the major hydrolytic metabolite of Diethyl phthalate (HY-Y0284) in vivo, with reproductive toxicity. Monoethyl phthalate targets aromatase (aromatase/CYP19A1) and PPAR to induce cell proliferation. The plasma protein binding rate of Monoethyl phthalate in rats and humans is lower than that of Diethyl phthalate. It exhibits significant enterohepatic circulation in rats and mainly accumulates in liver tissues. Monoethyl phthalate shows no estrogenic activity in estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells. Monoethyl phthalate can be used in studies of reproductive toxicity and related environmental endocrine disruption mechanisms .

HY-W027951

N,N'-Dimethylthiourea 1 Publications Verification DMTU	Structural Classification Natural Products Liliaceae Classification of Application Fields Allium sativum Linn. Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU), isolated from Allium sativum, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and blocks •OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including •OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action .

HY-N1502

Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium 2 Publications Verification Gummiferin tripotassium	other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Calcium Channel
Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is a diterpenoid. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium can be isolated from plants of the genus Xanthium. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is an ADP/ATP carrier inhibitor, inhibiting mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium promotes ROS production, induces Ca ²⁺ release, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium induces lethargy, weakness, and epileptic seizures in rats .

HY-B1513

α-Cyclodextrin 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Zea mays L. Polysaccharides Classification of Application Fields Gramineae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants SARS-CoV Microtubule/Tubulin
α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) is a soluble fiber derived from corn. α-Cyclodextrin can deplete sphingolipids and phospholipids from cell membranes. α-Cyclodextrin interacts with tubulin. α-Cyclodextrin improves defenses against SARS-CoV-2 infection. α-Cyclodextrin enhances the anticancer efficacy of Crcumin (HY-N0005) against breast, lung and cervical cancer. α-Cyclodextrin has beneficial effects on body weight and blood lipids .

HY-W012946

2-Furoic acid Pyromucic acid	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Acyltransferase ATP Citrate Lyase
2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation . 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats .

HY-W096159

D-Biotinol	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Derivative
D-Biotinol is an orally active alcohol analogue of D-Biotin (HY-B0511). D-Biotinol can replace D-Biotin to restore the biotin deficiency induced by egg whites in rats. D-Biotinol can be used for the study of biotin deficiency disorders .

HY-W007566

5-Methoxyindole-3-acetic acid 1 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
5-Methoxyindole-3-acetic acid is a metabolite of Melatonin (HY-B0075). 5-Methoxyindole-3-acetic acid significantly prolongs the estrous cycle, increases uterine weight, and induces ovarian follicular cysts in female rats, while also regulating the levels of related hormones .

HY-N7106

Dimethyl phthalate 1 Publications Verification DMP	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms other families Animals Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats .

HY-W018555

D-Cysteine	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
D-Cysteine, the D-isomer of cysteine, is an orally active antibacterial agent and a regulator of neural progenitor cell proliferation. D-Cysteine can inhibit Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of D-Cysteine in rats should be less than 500 mg/kg/day .

HY-N7981

Pratensein 1 Publications Verification	Trifolium pratense L. Flavonoids Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Isoflavones Source Classification	NF-κB
Pratensein, a flavonoid, ameliorates β-amyloid-induced cognitive impairment in rats via reducing oxidative damage and restoring synapse and BDNF levels .

HY-B0770

Artemotil 1 Publications Verification β-Arteether; (+)-Arteether; Arteether	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	CXCR Parasite
Artemotil (β-Arteether) has antimalarial activity for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant *Plasmodium falciparum* malaria with an IC₅₀ of 1.61 nM. Artemotil also has central nervous system (CNS) neurotoxicity and anorectic toxicity in rats, dogs and monkeys .

HY-N2086

Ethyl palmitate 2 Publications Verification Ethyl hexadecanoate	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis Umbelliferae Plants Disease Research Fields Lipid Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants TNF Receptor Interleukin Related NF-κB CHIKV
Ethyl palmitate (Ethyl hexadecanoate) is a CHIKV virus inhibitor with an EC₅₀ value of 0.0068 μM. Ethyl palmitate can reduce levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB in endotoxemic rats, showing anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N1487

Oleanonic acid 2 Publications Verification 3-Oxooleanolic acid	Triterpenes other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	HIV Autophagy Ferroptosis Amyloid-β
Oleanonic acid (3-Oxooleanolic acid) is an orally available triterpene that has anti-inflammatory and insecticidal properties. In vitro, oleanonic acid can improve oxidative stress, autophagy defects, ferroptosis, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by Amyloid-β, and in vivo, it can alleviate myocardial hypertrophy in rats .

HY-N6784

Oligomycin B	Structural Classification Microorganisms Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotics Antibiotics Disease Research Source Classification	ATP Synthase Bacterial Apoptosis Antibiotic
Oligomycin B is an antibiotic that acts as a non-selective inhibitor of ATP Synthase. Oligomycin B increases mitochondrial membrane potential. Oligomycin B induces apoptosis and necrosis. Oligomycin B impairs the motility of Plasmopara viticola zoospores and induces their lysis. Oligomycin B inhibits Magnaporthe oryzae (wheat blast fungus) and suppresses the development of wheat blast. Oligomycin B reduces hyphal growth and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea, and protects Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea infection. Oligomycin B exacerbates cytotoxic brain edema in rats with cerebral cortical contusion, increases intracranial pressure and brain water content, and aggravates mitochondrial damage in these rats. Oligomycin B is used in studies related to grape downy mildew, traumatic brain injury, wheat blast, and gray mold .

HY-B0940

Ethylvanillin	Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Cytochrome P450
Ethylvanillin is an orally active antioxidant that can affect cytochrome P450 activity in rats. It can also be used as a food flavoring agent in the field of food processing .

HY-101417

Diethyl phosphate Diethyl phosphoric acid	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related
Diethylphosphate (Diethyl phosphoric acid) is an orally active organophosphorus pesticides metabolite. Diethylphosphate can interfere with thyroid hormone-related mechanisms and affect intestinal microbes in rats .

HY-N7055

Trierucin Trierucoylglycerol	Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Lipid Source Classification	Drug Derivative
Trierucin (Trierucoylglycerol) is a triester formed by glycerol and erucic acid, which serves as an occlusive skin conditioning agent and non-aqueous thickener in cosmetics. Long-term feeding of Trierucin to rats induces chronic toxicities such as cardiac lipid deposition and fibrosis .

HY-75087

(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (+)-(R)-Proline; (R)-(+)-Proline; (R)-2-Carboxypyrrolidine; (R)-Proline	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid ((+)-(R)-Proline) is a proline isomer that exhibits high renal and hepatotoxicity in rats. (R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid can be used to study amino acid metabolism and toxicity mechanisms .

HY-N1131

Triacetonamine 1 Publications Verification 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone	Tribulus terrester Linn. Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Zygophyllaceae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Triacetonamine (2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone) is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceutical products, pesticides and photostabilizers for polymers. Triacetonamine has oral activity and can induce acute liver failure (ALF) in rats .

HY-126114

Lupeol acetate 1 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Umbelliferae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Carphephorus corymbosus (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray Source Classification	COX Interleukin Related Bacterial Fungal Parasite
Lupeol acetate is a derivative of Lupeol. Lupeol acetate is an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-trypanosomic and anticancer agent with oral activity. Lupeol acetate significantly improves the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast production. Lupeol acetate inhibits spermatogenesis in male rats and eventually led to infertility .

HY-N2109

Macranthoidin A	Triterpenes Structural Classification Caprifoliaceae Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Macranthoidin A is a saponin. Macranthoidin A can be isolated from the plasma of rats administered oral extracts of Lonicera saponins .

HY-N0300A

Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride 3 Publications Verification DL-Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride	Alkaloids Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Papaveraceae Source Classification	Dopamine Receptor
Tetrahydropalmatine (DL-Tetrahydropalmatine) hydrochloride possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats .

HY-N0300R

Tetrahydropalmatine (Standard) DL-Tetrahydropalmatine (Standard)	Alkaloids Structural Classification Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Papaveraceae Source Classification	Reference Standards Dopamine Receptor Apoptosis
Tetrahydropalmatine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tetrahydropalmatine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats .

HY-N2531

Notoginsenoside Fc	Cardiovascular Disease Triterpenes Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification	Autophagy
Notoginsenoside Fc, a protopanaxadiol- (PPD-) type saponin isolated from the leaves of Panax notoginseng, effectively counteracts platelet aggregation. Notoginsenoside Fc can accelerate reendothelialization following vascular injury in diabetic rats by promoting autophagy .

HY-N7697B

Chitobiose dihydrochloride	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Others
Chitobiose dihydrochloride is an orally active chitosan oligosaccharide (degree of polymerization 2). Chitobiose dihydrochloride shows hepatoprotective activity and counteracts CCl₄-induced elevation of plasma aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities in rats. Chitobiose dihydrochloride can be used for the research of carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity .

HY-W019151

Meconine	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Papaver somniferum Linn. Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Papaveraceae Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Meconine is an endogenous metabolite of Noscapine (HY-13716). Meconine is the major metabolite in all three species, accounting for about 3, 8 and 2% of the dose in the first 24 h urines of rats, rabbits and humans, respectively. Meconine can be used as a marker to detect illicit opiate use .

HY-N11503

Disialyllacto-N-tetraose	Polysaccharides Endogenous metabolite Saccharides Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Disialyllacto-N-tetraose is a human milk oligosaccharide that prevents necrotising enterocolitis in neonatal rats .

HY-N0495

Aloenin 1 Publications Verification Aloenin A	Liliaceae Phenols Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Plants Source Classification	Beta-secretase
Aloenin (Aloenin A) is a kind of natural product, has effective clearing and free radical activity, and has moderate inhibitory activity on β-secretion (BACE) (IC50=14.95 μg/mL). Aloenin suppresses peritoneal hypertrophy in large rats and suppresses its release.

HY-W015806

3-Pyridineacetic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
3-Pyridineacetic acid is an orally active nicotinic acid analog. 3-Pyridineacetic acid enhances cholesterol oxidation in rat liver mitochondria. 3-Pyridineacetic acid inhibits Triton-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. 3-Pyridineacetic acid can be used in research related to hypercholesterolemia .

HY-N7697F

Chitobiose	Polysaccharides Microorganisms Animals Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Others
Chitobiose is an orally active chitosan oligosaccharide (degree of polymerization 2). Chitobiose shows hepatoprotective activity and counteracts CCl₄-induced elevation of plasma aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities in rats. Chitobiose can be used for the research of carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity .

HY-Y1097

Monomethyl phthalate 2-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Monomethyl phthalate is an orally active metabolite of phthalic acid. Monomethyl phthalate, as a urine biomarker after exposure to phthalate, can be used as a detection indicator for thyroid cancer and benign nodules. Monomethyl phthalate reduces the survival rate of young frogs. Monomethyl phthalate induces oxidative damage to red blood cells in rats .

HY-N4031

Humantenine	Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Loganiaceae Plants Gelsemium eleganis (Gardn. et Champ.) Benth. Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) METTL3
Humantenine is a highly toxic indole alkaloid from Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. & Champ.) Benth. that binds to RNA m6A modification regulatory proteins (ALKBH5, METTL). Humantenine stably binds via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions and disrupts the m6A methylation level of target genes, thereby impairing the expression of intestinal epithelial cell tight junction and cytoskeleton-related genes, causing intestinal barrier dysfunction and significant intestinal cytotoxicity. The intraperitoneal injection LD₅₀ values of Humantenine are <1 mg/kg in mice, 1.2 mg/kg in male rats and 1.5 mg/kg in female rats, respectively. Species differences exist in the metabolism of Humantenine in human, porcine, goat and rat liver microsomes, and demethylation, dehydrogenation and oxidation occur in liver microsomes .

HY-P1742

Gluten Exorphin B5	Natural Products Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Agrostidoideae Phenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Triticum aestivum L. Source Classification	Opioid Receptor
Gluten Exorphin B5 is an exogenous opioid peptides derived from wheat gluten, acts on opioid receptor, increases postprandial plasma insulin level in rats .

HY-N9483

7-Keto-DHEA 7-Oxo-DHEA; 7-Ketodehydroepiandrosterone; 7-Oxodehydroepiandrosterone	Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	GABA Receptor
7-Keto-DHEA binds to GABA Receptor, and reduces the ethanol intake in rats. 7-Keto-DHEA exhibits potential in investigation of alcohol dependence disorders .

HY-N3015

Bruceine E	Simaroubaceae Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Metabolic Disease Diterpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Source Classification	Others
Bruceine E is a quassinoid from seeds of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr, exhibiting hypoglycemia effect . Bruceine E exhibits blood glucose lowering effect in both nondiabetic mice and Streptozotocin (STZ (HY-13753))-induced diabetic rats at lower dose .

HY-W019151R

Meconine (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Papaver somniferum Linn. Plants Endogenous metabolite Papaveraceae Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Meconine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Meconine (HY-W019151). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Meconine is an endogenous metabolite of Noscapine (HY-13716). Meconine is the major metabolite in all three species, accounting for about 3, 8 and 2% of the dose in the first 24 h urines of rats, rabbits and humans, respectively. Meconine can be used as a marker to detect illicit opiate use.

HY-118383

Agathisflavone	Flavonoids Flavones Araucariaceae Agathis robusta (C. Moore ex F. Muell.) F. M. Bailey Plants Source Classification	Parasite
Agathisflavone is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Agathisflavone can improve tissue repair in a spinal cord injury model in rats .

HY-N15317

Phocaecholic acid β-Phocaecholic acid	Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source Classification	Drug Metabolite
Phocaecholic acid (β-Phocaecholic acid) is a bile acid found in duck bile. Phocaecholic acid can be excreted into bile and partially decarboxylated to nor-chenodeoxycholic acid in rats. Phocaecholic acid is promising for research of bile acid metabolism and related diseases .

HY-N14827

Xanthofulvin SM-216289	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Drug Derivative
Xanthofulvin (SM-216289) is an inhibitor of semaphorin 3A. Xanthofulvin blocks its binding to receptors, inhibits growth cone collapse, and accelerates olfactory nerve regeneration in rats in vivo. Xanthofulvin can be used in studies related to traumatic neuronal injury .

HY-124412

Paynantheine	Alkaloids Quinolizidine Alkaloids Rubiaceae Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Plants Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	5-HT Receptor
Paynantheine is an alkaloid with antinociceptive activity, which is found in Mitragyna speciosa. Paynantheine is also a 5-HT_1AR and 5-HT_2BR agonist that induces lower lip retraction and antinociception in rats .

HY-N0157A

Orotic acid zinc 3 Publications Verification 6-Carboxyuracil zinc; Vitamin B13 zinc	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite
Orotic acid (zinc), a precursor in biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and RNA, is released from the mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) for conversion to UMP by the cytoplasmic UMP synthase enzyme. Orotic acid (zinc) is a marker for measurement in routine newborn screening for urea cycle disorders. Orotic acid (zinc) can induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats .

HY-N15829

Cholyl-Lys-fluorescein sodium	Structural Classification Lipid	Fluorescent Dye
Cholyl-Lys-fluorescein sodium is a fluorescein-labeled bile acid analog. Cholyl-Lys-fluorescein sodium mimics the physiological hepatobiliary properties of glycocholic acid. Cholyl-Lys-fluorescein sodium is efficiently taken up by the liver and rapidly excreted into bile in intact form in rats. Cholyl-Lys-fluorescein sodium can serve as a liver function assessment agent, bile salt transport probe, and liver-targeted carrier .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-113293BS1

Estrone sulfate-d4 sodium

Estrone sulfate-d₄ sodium is the deuterium labeled Estrone sulfate sodium (HY-113293B). Estrone sulfate sodium is an inactive endogenous estrogen that can be converted into Estrone (HY-B0234) and Estradiol (HY-B0141). Estrone sulfate sodium is also a substrate of the OATP1B3 transporter. Estrone sulfate sodium can be converted into Estrone and Estradiol in normal mammary parenchymal cells. Estrone sulfate sodium stimulates the growth of nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors in ovariectomized rats and the colony formation of dispersed nitrosomethylurea mammary cells, with conversion into Estrone and Estradiol occurring both in vivo and in vitro during this process. Estrone sulfate sodium is applicable to breast cancer-related research .

HY-W011873S1

Palmitoleic acid-d13
Palmitoleic acid-d₁₃ is the deuterium labeled Palmitoleic acid. Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

HY-N2026S1

Propylparaben-d4

Propylparaben-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben . Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .

HY-165607S

MCB-22-174

MCB-22-174 is a deuterated Piezo1 agonist, with an EC₅₀ value of 6.28 μM. MCB-22-174 remarkably activates the CaMKII/ERK signaling pathway and initiates Ca ²⁺ influx in rMSCs. MCB-22-174 significantly decreases the expression of chondrogenesis markers (Comp, Acan) and adipogenesis markers (Lpl, Fabp4) in MSCs. MCB-22-174 can effectively improve bone quality in hind-limb unloading (HU) model rats. MCB-22-174 can be used for the study of disuse osteoporosis (OP) .

HY-W011873S2

Palmitoleic acid-13C16
Palmitoleic acid- ¹³C₁₆ is the ¹³C labeled Palmitoleic acid. Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

HY-N1131S

Triacetonamine-d17
Triacetonamine-d17 (2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone-d17) is the deuterium labeled Triacetonamine. Triacetonamine has oral activity and can induce acute liver failure (ALF) in rats .

HY-B0476S

Phenacetin-d5
Phenacetin-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Phenacetin. Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats .

HY-W266188

Decanoic acid-13C

Decanoic acid- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Decanoic acid (HY-W015309). Decanoic acid is a key component of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) found in coconut oil. Decanoic acid is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor showing antiseizure activity in rats. Decanoic acid reduces tyrosinase activity and inhibits melanosome maturation. Decanoic acid suppresses the phosphorylation of c-Met and induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inhibiting the expression of various oncogenic proteins, which is promising for research in the field of mTORC1 signaling, HCC and epilepsy .

HY-N0573S

Umbelliferone-d5

Umbelliferone-d₅ (7-Hydroxycoumarin-d₅) is the deuterium labeled Umbelliferone (HY-N0573 ). Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin), a natural orally active product of the coumarin family, is a fluorescing compound which can be used as a sunscreen agent. Umbelliferone induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells. Umbelliferone exhibits significant anticancer effects. Umbelliferone attenuates the alteration characteristics of allergic airway inflammation. Umbelliferone displays the neuroprotective effects and cross the blood-brain barrier. Umbelliferone exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in chronic alcohol-fed rats .

HY-W653921

Tenuazonic acid-d13

Tenuazonic acid-d₁₃ is deuterium labeled Tenuazonic acid. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-W011873S

Palmitoleic acid-d14
Palmitoleic acid-d₁₄ is the deuterium labeled Palmitoleic acid. Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

HY-101417S1

Diethyl phosphate-d10-1
Diethyl phosphate-d₁₀-1 is the deuterium labeled Diethyl phosphate. Diethylphosphate (Diethyl phosphoric acid) is an orally active organophosphorus pesticides metabolite. Diethylphosphate can interfere with thyroid hormone-related mechanisms and affect intestinal microbes in rats .

HY-Y1275S

N-Methylpyrrolidone-d9

N-Methylpyrrolidone-d₉ (NMP-d₉) is deuterium labeled N-Methylpyrrolidone. N-Methylpyrrolidone (1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone), a five-membered cyclic amide, is an orally active organic polar solvent with teratogenicity and toxicity. N-Methylpyrrolidone is low in acute toxicity with a LD₅₀ value of 3914 mg/kg in rats and of 4050 mg/kg in mice. N-Methylpyrrolidone is extensively used in the manufacture of adhesives, paints, fuels, and pharmaceuticals .

HY-B0476S1

Phenacetin-13C
Phenacetin- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Phenacetin . Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats .

HY-W012946S

2-Furoic acid-d3
2-Furoic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 2-Furoic acid . 2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound produced through furfural oxidation . 2-Furoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic effet, lowers both serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rats .

HY-W019151S

Meconin-d3
Meconin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Meconine (HY-W019151). Meconine is an endogenous metabolite of Noscapine (HY-13716). Meconine is the major metabolite in all three species, accounting for about 3, 8 and 2% of the dose in the first 24 h urines of rats, rabbits and humans, respectively. Meconine can be used as a marker to detect illicit opiate use.

HY-N0157S1

Orotic acid-13C,15N2 monohydrate

Orotic acid- ¹³C, ¹⁵N₂ (monohydrate) is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Orotic acid . Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil), a precursor in biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and RNA, is released from the mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) for conversion to UMP by the cytoplasmic UMP synthase enzyme. Orotic acid is a marker for measurement in routine newborn screening for urea cycle disorders. Orotic acid can induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats .

HY-A0039S1

Eletriptan-d5
Eletriptan-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Eletriptan . Eletriptan (UK-116044) is a highly selective and orally active serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist, with pKi values of 8.0 and 8.9, respectively. Eletriptan has inhibitory effects on markers of neurogenic inflammation in rats. Eletriptan can be used for researching migraine .

HY-W654020

Propyl paraben-13C6

Propyl paraben- ¹³C₆ (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate- ¹³C₆) is ¹³C labeled Propylparaben. Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antibacterial preservative that can be produced by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. Propylparaben disrupts follicular growth and steroidogenic function by altering cell cycle, apoptosis and steroidogenic pathways. Propylparaben also reduced sperm count and motility in rats .

HY-B0099S

Edaravone-d5
Edaravone-d₅ is a deuterium labeled Edaravone. Edaravone is a strong novel free radical scavenger, and inhibits MMP-9-related brain hemorrhage in rats treated with tissue plasminogen activator .

HY-N6715S

Tenuazonic acid-13C10

Tenuazonic acid- ¹³C₁₀ is ¹³C labeled Tenuazonic acid (HY-N6715). Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-B1984S

p,p'-DDD-d8

p,p'-DDD-d₈ is the deuterium labeled p,p'-DDD[1]. p,p'-DDD (4,4’-DDD) is an organochlorine insecticide, a major metabolite of p,p'-DDT. p,p'-DDD is an agonist at estrogen receptor α(ERα) and ERβ. p,p'-DDD increases DNA damage, apoptosis and necrosis in peripheral blood. p,p'-DDD stimulates cell proliferation in SKBR3 cells. p,p'-DDD activates the AP-1 transcription factor. p,p'-DDD decreases sleep times of barbiturates and steroids in rats .

HY-113293BS

Estrone sulfate-d5 sodium

Estrone sulfate-d₅ sodium is the deuterium labeled Estrone sulfate sodium (HY-113293B). Estrone sulfate sodium is an inactive endogenous estrogen that can be converted into Estrone (HY-B0234) and Estradiol (HY-B0141). Estrone sulfate sodium is also a substrate of the OATP1B3 transporter. Estrone sulfate sodium can be converted into Estrone and Estradiol in normal mammary parenchymal cells. Estrone sulfate sodium stimulates the growth of nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors in ovariectomized rats and the colony formation of dispersed nitrosomethylurea mammary cells, with conversion into Estrone and Estradiol occurring both in vivo and in vitro during this process. Estrone sulfate sodium is applicable to breast cancer-related research .

HY-Y0496S

1,4-Dichlorobenzene-d4

1,4-Dichlorobenzene-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 1,4-Dichlorobenzene. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is a non-genotoxic, orally active mitogenic/tumor-promoting carcinogen that is also widely used as a dye, resin intermediate, and deodorant, moth repellent/insecticide. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene induces liver tumors in mice and promotes the growth of spontaneous precancerous lesions, but shows no liver tumor-inducing activity in F344 rats. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene increases the levels of white blood cell count, serum alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen in occupationally exposed populations. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is metabolized to 2,5-dichlorophenol and excreted in urine, and this metabolite can serve as a biomarker for 1,4-Dichlorobenzene exposure. Due to its specific hepatotoxic characteristics, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is applicable to liver cancer-related research .

HY-106224AS1

Orexin A-13C18,15N3 (human, rat, mouse) TFA

Orexin A- ¹³C₁₈, ¹⁵N₃ (human, rat, mouse) ((Hypocretin-1- ¹³C₁₈, ¹⁵N₃ (human, rat, mouse)) TFA is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) (HY-106224). Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) (Hypocretin-1 (human, rat, mouse)), a 33 amino acid excitatory neuropeptide, orchestrates diverse central and peripheral processes. Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) binds and activates two types of G protein-coupled receptors, the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) and the orexin-2 receptor (OX2R). Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) has a role in the regulation of feeding behavior. Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) is an effective anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic agent in mice and rats .

HY-W750297

p,p'-DDD-13C12
p,p'-DDD- ¹³C₁₂ is ¹³C labeled p,p'-DDD. p,p'-DDD is a major metabolite of p,p'-DDT. p,p'-DDD occurs in the feces and livers of rats, that are given p,p'-DDT by stomach tube, but not of rats injected intraperitoneally with p,p'-DDT .

HY-W704752

Z-Doxepin-d3 Hydrochloride

Z-Doxepin-d₃ hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled 7-Hydroxychlorpromazine hydrochloride (HY-W704749). 7-Hydroxychlorpromazine hydrochloride is the active metabolite of Chlorpromazine (HY-12708). 7-Hydroxychlorpromazine hydrochloride can increase prolactin levels in rats. 7-Hydroxychlorpromazine hydrochloride can increase dopamine turnover and has a sedative effect. In addition, 7-Hydroxychlorpromazine hydrochloride can effectively inhibit amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior in rats and is used in the study of psychosis .

HY-B1095S1

Chlormadinone acetate-d6-1

Chlormadinone acetate-d₆-1 is deuterium labeled Chlormadinone acetate (HY-B1095). Chlormadinone acetate is a progestogen with potent progestogenic activity and antiandrogenic effects. Chlormadinone acetate acts on glucocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, and GABA_A receptor. Chlormadinone acetate induces endometrial proliferation in estrogen-pretreated rabbits, inhibits testosterone-stimulated growth of the prostate and seminal vesicles in castrated rats, and reduces the thymus and adrenal weights in juvenile rats. Chlormadinone acetate is applicable to research related to diseases such as depression and reproductive metabolic disorders .

HY-B1095S2

Chlormadinone acetate-d3

Chlormadinone acetate-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Chlormadinone acetate (HY-B1095). Chlormadinone acetate is a progestogen with potent progestogenic activity and antiandrogenic effects. Chlormadinone acetate acts on glucocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, and GABA_A receptor. Chlormadinone acetate induces endometrial proliferation in estrogen-pretreated rabbits, inhibits testosterone-stimulated growth of the prostate and seminal vesicles in castrated rats, and reduces the thymus and adrenal weights in juvenile rats. Chlormadinone acetate is applicable to research related to diseases such as depression and reproductive metabolic disorders .

HY-B1971S

Deltamethrin-d5
Deltamethrin-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Deltamethrin. Deltamethrin (Decamethrin), a neurotoxic pyrethroid insecticide, produces a reversible sequence of motor symptoms in rats involving hind limb rigidity and choreoathetosis .

HY-W748758

(Z)-Thiothixene-d8

(Z)-Thiothixene-d₈ (NSC 108165-d₈; Navan-d₈; Navane-d₈) is the deuterium labeled Thiothixene (HY-A0139). Thiothixene is a typical antipsychotic. It selectively binds to dopamine D2 over D1, D3, and D4 receptors (Kis=0.417, 338, 186.2, and 363.1 nM, respectively). Thiothixene also binds to various serotonin (5-HT), histamine H1, α1- and α2-adrenergic, muscarinic acetylcholine, and sigma receptors (Kis=15-5,754 nM) as well as the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters (Kis=3.16-30 μM). In vivo, thiothixene reduces spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor activity in rats. It enhances latent inhibition, as measured by a decreased lick latency in response to light and foot shock stimuli, which is a measure of selective attention in rats.3 Thiothixene also increases competitive behavior in submissive mice, indicating antidepressant-like behavior.

HY-135761S

Penconazole-d7
Penconazole-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Penconazole . Penconazole is a typical triazole fungicide, and mainly applied on apples, grapes, and vegetables to control powdery mildew. Penconazole inhibits sterol biosynthesis in fungi. Penconazole decrease AChE activity in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats .

HY-133668S

Monoethyl phthalate-d4

Monoethyl phthalate-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Monoethyl phthalate. Monoethyl phthalate is an orally active PDX-1 activator and the major hydrolytic metabolite of Diethyl phthalate (HY-Y0284) in vivo, with reproductive toxicity. Monoethyl phthalate targets aromatase (aromatase/CYP19A1) and PPAR to induce cell proliferation. The plasma protein binding rate of Monoethyl phthalate in rats and humans is lower than that of Diethyl phthalate. It exhibits significant enterohepatic circulation in rats and mainly accumulates in liver tissues. Monoethyl phthalate shows no estrogenic activity in estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells. Monoethyl phthalate can be used in studies of reproductive toxicity and related environmental endocrine disruption mechanisms .

HY-B1448AS

(Rac)-Benidipine-d7
(Rac)-Benidipine-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Benidipine . Benidipine is a potent and orally active calcium channel antagonist . Benidipine shows anti-apoptosis effects in ischaemic/reperfused myocardial cells . Benidipine increases the activity of endothelial cell-type nitric oxide synthase and improves coronary circulation in hypertensive rats .

HY-13570BS1

Betamethasone acetate-d5

Betamethasone acetate-d₅ is deuterium labeled Betamethasone acetate (HY-13570B). Betamethasone acetate is a glucocorticoid with prenatal application for preventing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. Betamethasone acetate exhibits dose-dependent effects on somatic and brain development in offspring when administered prenatally to pregnant rats. Betamethasone acetate can be used for the study of antenatal intervention .

HY-B1198S

Piperonyl butoxide-d9
Piperonyl butoxide-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Piperonyl butoxide.Piperonyl butoxide (ENT-14250) is a pesticide synergist and food additive. Piperonyl butoxide has adverse effects on reproduction, development and behavior in mice. Piperonyl butoxide can activate c-Jun and ATF-2 in mouse hepatocytes. Piperonyl butoxide is a liver cancer carcinogen in rats and mice .

HY-W707708

N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide-2,2,2-d3
N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide-2,2,2-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Phenacetin (HY-B0476). Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats .

HY-A0039S2

Eletriptan-d5 hydrochloride

Eletriptan-d₅ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Eletriptan hydrochloride . Eletriptan (UK-116044) hydrochloride is a highly selective and orally active serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist, with pKi values of 8.0 and 8.9, respectively. Eletriptan hydrochloride has inhibitory effects on markers of neurogenic inflammation in rats. Eletriptan hydrochloride can be used for researching migraine .

HY-W718786

Etofenprox-phenol-d5

Etofenprox-phenol-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Etofenprox (HY-B0816). Etofenprox is an orally active non-ester pyrethroid insecticide. Etofenprox induces toxicity against many pest insects, including Diptera rather than mammalian and fish. Etofenprox has a liver tumor-promoting activity in rats accompanied with microsomal ROS production increase. Etofenprox can be used in agricultural pest control and malaria research .

HY-W010320S

Ethyl maltol-d5
Ethyl maltol-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Ethyl maltol. Ethyl maltol (2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one) is an orally active and important food additive and flavor enhancer. Ethyl maltol is less toxic to rats and dogs. Ethyl maltol can enhance copper-mediated cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis in lung epithelial cells .

HY-W040790S

2,6-Dimethylpyrazine-d6
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine-d₆ is deuterated labeled 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine (HY-W040790). 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine is a key aroma compound. 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine can be isolated from Boletus edulis. 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine reduces seminal vesicle weight in rats. 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine can be used in food flavor and reproductive system research .

HY-B0130S1

Perindopril-d5

Perindopril-d₅ (S-9490-d₅) is deuterium labeled Perindopril. Perindopril (S-9490) is an orally available, long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Perindopril inhibits inflammatory cell influx and intimal thickening, preserving elastin on the inside of the aorta. Perindopril effectively inhibits experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in a rat model and reduces pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats with pulmonary hypertension .

HY-106605S

Flumezapine-d8 hydrochloride

Flumezapine-d₈ (LY 120363-d₈) hydrochloride is deuterated labeled Flumezapine hydrochloride. Flumezapine hydrochloride is a potent and balanced antagonist of the dopamine D2 receptor and the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HT receptor). Flumezapine hydrochloride does not alter the increase in serum cortisol caused by κ-opioid receptor agonists. Flumezapine hydrochloride inhibits the conditioned avoidance response in rats and has a low risk of extrapyramidal side effects. Flumezapine hydrochloride can be used in antipsychotic research.

HY-76569S1

(R)-Hydroxytolterodine-d14

(R)-Hydroxytolterodine-d₁₄ is deuterated labeled Desfesoterodine (HY-76569). Desfesoterodine (PNU-200577) is a potent and selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist with a K_B and a pA₂ of 0.84 nM and 9.14, respectively . Desfesoterodine is a major pharmacologically active metabolite of Tolterodine (PNU-200583; HY-A0024) and Fesoterodine (HY-70053) . Desfesoterodine improves cerebral infarction induced detrusor overactivity in rats .

HY-N2026S

Propylparaben-d7

Propylparaben-d₇ (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate-d₇) is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben (HY-N2026) . Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .

HY-W778335

Dimethyl Phthalate-13C2

Dimethyl Phthalate- ¹³C₂ (DMP- ¹³C₂) is the ¹³C-labeled Dimethyl phthalate (HY-N7106). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats .

HY-N7106S3

Dimethyl phthalate-13C6

Dimethyl phthalate- ¹³C₆ (DMP- ¹³C₆) is the ¹³C-labeled Dimethyl phthalate (HY-N7106). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats .

HY-166341S

S 8849-1-d4 free base
S 8849-1-d₄ (free base) (Tianeptine metabolite MC5-d₄) is deuterium labeled S 8849-1 (free base). S 8849-1 (free base) (Tianeptine metabolite MC5) is a Tianeptine (HY-90003) metabolite that is found in plasma. The mean elimination half-lives of S 8849-1 (free base) is 7.53 h in rats. S 8849-1 (free base) is promising for research of antidepressants .

HY-W699526

Dimebutic acid-d6

Dimebutic acid-d₆ (NSC-16045-d₆; NSC-741804-d₆) is the deuterium labeled Dimebutic acid (HY-W015881). Dimebutic acid is a fatty acid derivative. Dimebutic acid is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Dimebutic acid stimulates fetal globin production and alters the balance of Bcl family proteins. Dimebutic acid prolongs red blood cell survival. Dimebutic acid exhibits toxicity in rats. Dimebutic acid is used in the study of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease .

HY-113958S

Difethialone-d4

Difethialone-d₄ (Baraki-d₄; LM 2219-d₄) is the deuterium labeled Difethialone (HY-113958). Difethialone (LM-2219) is an anticoagulant rodenticide. Difethialone shows high rodenticide activity in warfarin-sensitive and resistant strains of rats and mice. Difethialone interferes with the circulation of vitamin K in the liver, preventing the synthesis of coagulation factors, resulting in the inability of the blood to coagulate properly, ultimately causing internal bleeding and death. Difethialone can be used in studies of ecological impacts .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0356G

Ciprofloxacin Bay-09867	Bacterial Topoisomerase Akt β-catenin	Inflammation/Immunology
Ciprofloxacin GMP is Ciprofloxacin (HY-B0356) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Ciprofloxacin exerts bactericidal effects primarily by inhibiting topoisomerase II and IV. Ciprofloxacin inhibits the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells and chondrocytes from young rats, and also activates the Akt signaling pathway and upregulates markers such as β-catenin and Nanog to maintain the morphological characteristics of stem cells. Ciprofloxacin induces significant neurotoxicity and tissue damage, including reducing serotonin and glutathione levels in the brain, inducing oxidative stress and depression-like behaviors, and causing articular cartilage damage. Ciprofloxacin can be applied to research related to infections of necrotic young permanent teeth and neurotoxicity .

HY-16900G

Rolipram	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Epigenetic Reader Domain Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Rolipram GMP is Rolipram (HY-16900) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Rolipram is a PDE4 inhibitor, with blood-brain barrier permeability, that reverses β-amyloid-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Rolipram elevates intracellular cAMP and clevels and regulates the cAMP/CREB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating neuroinflammation and apoptotic responses. Rolipram promotes neuronal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits Methamphetamine- and morphine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice. Rolipram also reduces the viability of glioblastoma stem-like cells and enhances Bevacizumab (HY-P9906)-induced cell death. Rolipram inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances central noradrenergic transmission. Rolipram is mainly used in studies related to various central nervous system diseases including Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis .

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