D-AP5
Based on 41 publication(s) in Google Scholar
D-AP5 (D-APV) is a selective and competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with a Kd of 1.4 μM. D-AP5 (D-APV) inhibits the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.94%
- CAS No.: 79055-68-8
- Formula: C5H12NO5P
- Molecular Weight:197.13
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-15066
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HY-15067
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HY-108505
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) D-AP5
More- Cell. 2026 Jun 11;189(12):3571-3588.e27. [Abstract]
- Nat Neurosci. 2025 Jul;28(7):1404-1417. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 May 19;17(1):4418. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2026 Aug 1:S2090-1232(26)00605-3.
- Neuron. 2025 Jul 2:S0896-6273(25)00433-7. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2023 May 11;13(9):2946-2961. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2021 Mar 4;11(10):4616-4636. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Sep;13(52):e76298.
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 May 29:e00044. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct 5:e11194. [Abstract]
- Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Aug 22;57(33):12222-12233. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2026 May 22. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Mar 26;21(1):76. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2026 Aug 4. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2020 Sep 17;6(1):87. [Abstract]
- Sens Actuators B Chem. 2020, 129190.
- Cell Rep. 2025 May 14;44(5):115712. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2026 Aug;183(15):4430-4447. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav Immun. 2023 Aug:112:96-117. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2026 Jan 26:16:1666920. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2025 Jan 27;23(1):e3003011. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Bull. 2026 Feb 2. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Jan;29(1):390-401. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2025 Dec 22;8(1):1833. [Abstract]
- Food Safety and Health. 2026 Jan 7.
- Neurochem Int. 2023 Oct:169:105587. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 9;13:888308. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 20;14(1):19337. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2025 Oct:392:115365. [Abstract]
- J Neurochem. 2022 Nov;163(4):310-326. [Abstract]
- Front Psychiatry. 2026 Jun 11;17:1828920.
- Nanotoxicology. 2026 May 19:1-18. [Abstract]
- Neural Plast. 2021 Jul 8:2021:7806370. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2019 Dec 15:1725:146487. [Abstract]
- Cereb Cortex. 2024 Oct 3;34(10):bhae399. [Abstract]
- Exp Brain Res. 2023 Dec;241(11-12):2735-2750. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Aug 27.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 5:2026.06.04.730242. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 8:2025.10.08.681047. [Abstract]
- Research Square Print. August 24th, 2022.
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jan:145:112446. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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IF
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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WB
All iGluR Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
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NMDA Receptor |
In Vivo
D-AP5 infusion is associated with a progressive reduction in swim speed over trials. D-AP5 causes sensorimotor disturbances in the spatial task, but these gradually worsened as the animals fail to learn. Rats treated with D-AP5 show a delay-dependent deficit in spatial memory in the delayed matching-to-place protocol for the water maze[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 79055-68-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 197.13
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Formula C5H12NO5P
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
N[C@H](CCCP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O
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Synonyms
D-APV; D-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Publications (41)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell
2026 Jun 11;189(12):3571-3588.e27. PMID: 42019490 -
Nat Neurosci
GABA-dependent microglial elimination of inhibitory synapses underlies neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy. [Abstract]2025 Jul;28(7):1404-1417. PMID: 40425792 -
Nat Commun
Novelty exploration-activated ensemble in the lateral hypothalamus confers analgesic and anxiolytic effects. [Abstract]2026 May 19;17(1):4418. PMID: 42156381 -
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Neuron
Dynamic redistribution of AMPA receptors toward memory-related neuronal ensembles in mice barrel cortex during sensory learning. [Abstract]2025 Jul 2:S0896-6273(25)00433-7. PMID: 40639379 -
Theranostics
Chemogenetic activation of the HPC-mPFC pathway improves cognitive dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide -induced brain injury. [Abstract]2023 May 11;13(9):2946-2961. PMID: 37284451
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2023 May 11;13(9):2946-2961. [Abstract]
D-AP5 (1 µg/µl dissolved in 10% DMSO in 0.9% saline, 0.5 µl/side, via microinjection into the mPFC) was administered. Representative images showing c-Fos expression in the mPFC of different groups were obtained.
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2023 May 11;13(9):2946-2961. [Abstract]
D-AP5 (1 µg/µl dissolved in 10% DMSO in 0.9% saline, 0.5 µl/side, via microinjection into the mPFC) activated HPC-mPFC and ameliorated the LPS-induced spatial memory deficit, but the effect was blocked by glutamate receptor inhibitors (D-AP5 and NBQX).
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Theranostics
Decreased neuronal synaptosome associated protein 29 contributes to poststroke cognitive impairment by disrupting presynaptic maintenance. [Abstract]2021 Mar 4;11(10):4616-4636. PMID: 33754017 -
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
Fine-Tuned Regulation of mRNA Translation and Transport by STAU2 Condensate Facilitates Neuronal Development and Plasticity. [Abstract]2026 May 29:e00044. PMID: 42210778 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Assessing the Nature of Human Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Synaptic Activity Via the Development of an Air-liquid Microfluidic Platform. [Abstract]2025 Oct 5:e11194. PMID: 41047484 -
Environ Sci Technol
Chronic Pb Exposure Induces Anxiety and Depression-like Behaviors in Mice via Excitatory Neuronal Hyperexcitability in Ventral Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. [Abstract]2023 Aug 22;57(33):12222-12233. PMID: 37559393 -
J Neuroinflammation
Sleep deprivation induces anxiety-like behaviors through IL-6 driven astrocyte-GABAergic neuron crosstalk in the PAG-ACC circuit. [Abstract]2026 May 22. PMID: 42174628 -
J Neuroinflammation
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the immune features and viral tropism in the central nervous system of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus. [Abstract]2024 Mar 26;21(1):76. PMID: 38532383 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Enhanced substance P-NK1R signaling in the parabrachial-parasubthalamic pathway promotes hyperalgesia and affective aversion in neuropathic pain. [Abstract]2026 Aug 4. PMID: 42552466 -
Cell Death Discov
2020 Sep 17;6(1):87. PMID: 33014431 -
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Cell Rep
Septo-subicular cholinergic circuit promotes seizure development via astrocytic inflammation. [Abstract]2025 May 14;44(5):115712. PMID: 40372911 -
Br J Pharmacol
2026 Aug;183(15):4430-4447. PMID: 42062775 -
Brain Behav Immun
The microglial innate immune receptors TREM-1 and TREM-2 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) drive visceral hypersensitivity and depressive-like behaviors following DSS-induced colitis. [Abstract]2023 Aug:112:96-117. PMID: 37286175 -
Front Immunol
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates neuropathic pain via microglial polarization by modulating the METTL3/NMDAR2B/NLRP3 pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jan 26:16:1666920. PMID: 41668762 -
PLoS Biol
Supraspinal facilitation of painful stimuli by glutamatergic innervation from the retrosplenial to the anterior cingulate cortex. [Abstract]2025 Jan 27;23(1):e3003011. PMID: 39869643
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Biol. 2025 Jan 27;23(1):e3003011. [Abstract]
Averaged amplitude of eEPSCs in the RSC-ACC projections was measured with the perfusion of D-AP5 (50 μm), GYKI53655 (100 μm), and CNQX (20 μm) sequentially under the presence of picrotoxin (50 μm).
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Biol. 2025 Jan 27;23(1):e3003011. [Abstract]
Sample traces of eEPSCs in the RSC-ACC projections with the perfusion of D-AP5 (50 μm), GYKI53655 (100 μm), and CNQX (20 μm) sequentially under the presence of picrotoxin (50 μm) were recorded.
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Neurosci Bull
FOXG1 Hierarchically Shapes Synaptic Functions in Striatal iSPNs and Contributes to ASD Etiology. [Abstract]2026 Feb 2. PMID: 41627775 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
Hippocampus-prefrontal cortex inputs modulate spatial learning and memory in a mouse model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture. [Abstract]2023 Jan;29(1):390-401. PMID: 36377471
D-AP5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Jan;29(1):390-401. [Abstract]
Treatment with the AMDAR inhibitor (NBQX) and NMDAR inhibitor (D-AP5) effectively reduce the expression of NMDAR (NR1, NR2A/2B) and AMPAR (GluA1, GluA2) in PFC, respectively.
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Commun Biol
SNX6-mediated subunit-specific secretory trafficking of AMPA receptors regulates synaptic function and plasticity. [Abstract]2025 Dec 22;8(1):1833. PMID: 41429886 -
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Neurochem Int
Glutamate-aspartate transporter dysfunction enhances aminoglycoside-induced cochlear hair cell death via NMDA receptor activation. [Abstract]2023 Oct:169:105587. PMID: 37495172 -
Front Pharmacol
Identification of a Subtype-Selective Allosteric Inhibitor of GluN1/GluN3 NMDA Receptors. [Abstract]2022 Jun 9;13:888308. PMID: 35754487 -
Sci Rep
Suppressive effect of the anesthetic propofol on the T cell function and T cell-dependent immune responses. [Abstract]2024 Aug 20;14(1):19337. PMID: 39164311 -
Exp Neurol
Aromatase inhibition modulates intrinsic properties and excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. [Abstract]2025 Oct:392:115365. PMID: 40602590 -
J Neurochem
Somatostatin interneurons inhibit excitatory transmission mediated by astrocytic GABAB and presynaptic GABAB and adenosine A1 receptors in the hippocampus. [Abstract]2022 Nov;163(4):310-326. PMID: 35775994 -
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Nanotoxicology
Polystyrene nanoplastics promote tumor lung metastasis by inducing sodium overload in macrophages in an NMDAR-dependent way. [Abstract]2026 May 19:1-18. PMID: 42154607 -
Neural Plast
Astrocytes in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Involve Chronic Stress-Induced Anxiety and Bone Loss in Mice. [Abstract]2021 Jul 8:2021:7806370. PMID: 34306063 -
Brain Res
Effects of uninterrupted sinusoidal LF-EMF stimulation on LTP induced by different combinations of TBS/HFS at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 of synapses. [Abstract]2019 Dec 15:1725:146487. PMID: 31580873 -
Cereb Cortex
A circuit from lateral hypothalamic to dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus modulates behavioral despair in mice. [Abstract]2024 Oct 3;34(10):bhae399. PMID: 39367727 -
Exp Brain Res
The NR2B-targeted intervention alleviates the neuronal injuries at the sub-acute stage of cerebral ischemia: an exploration of stage-dependent strategy against ischemic insults. [Abstract]2023 Dec;241(11-12):2735-2750. PMID: 37845379 -
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bioRxiv
iAstrocytes model cytokine influences on complement expression and neuronal network synchronization. [Abstract]2026 Jun 5:2026.06.04.730242. PMID: 42282708 -
bioRxiv
Proteome Landscapes Decode Organelle Vulnerabilities in cortical and dopaminergic-like induced neurons Across Lysosomal Storage Disorders. [Abstract]2025 Oct 8:2025.10.08.681047. PMID: 41279717 -
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Biomed Pharmacother
Cordycepin suppresses glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission through activation of A1 adenosine receptor in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. [Abstract]2022 Jan:145:112446. PMID: 34808556
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
H2O : 100 mg/mL (507.28 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)
Ethanol : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble)
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (507.28 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. R H Evans, et al. The effects of a series of omega-phosphonic alpha-carboxylic amino acids on electrically evoked and excitant amino acid-induced responses in isolated spinal cord preparations. Br J Pharmacol. 1982 Jan;75(1):65-75. [Content Brief]
[2]. Davis S, et al. The NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (D-AP5) impairs spatial learning and LTP in vivo at intracerebral concentrations comparable to those that block LTP in vitro. J Neurosci. 1992 Jan;12(1):21-34. [Content Brief]
[3]. Morris RG, et al. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, learning and memory: chronic intraventricular infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist d-AP5 interacts directly with the neural mechanisms of spatial learning. Eur J Neurosci. 2013 Mar;37(5):700-17. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 5.0728 mL | 25.3640 mL | 50.7279 mL | 126.8199 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0146 mL | 5.0728 mL | 10.1456 mL | 25.3640 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5073 mL | 2.5364 mL | 5.0728 mL | 12.6820 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3382 mL | 1.6909 mL | 3.3819 mL | 8.4547 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2536 mL | 1.2682 mL | 2.5364 mL | 6.3410 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2029 mL | 1.0146 mL | 2.0291 mL | 5.0728 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1691 mL | 0.8455 mL | 1.6909 mL | 4.2273 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1268 mL | 0.6341 mL | 1.2682 mL | 3.1705 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1015 mL | 0.5073 mL | 1.0146 mL | 2.5364 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0845 mL | 0.4227 mL | 0.8455 mL | 2.1137 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0634 mL | 0.3170 mL | 0.6341 mL | 1.5852 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0507 mL | 0.2536 mL | 0.5073 mL | 1.2682 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
D-AP5 Related Classifications
HY-100714A Related Classifications
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