Cat. No.: HY-N6693

Valinomycin

(Synonyms: NSC 122023)

8 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Valinomycin is a potassium-specific ionophore, the valinomycin-K⁺ complex can be incorporated into biological bilayer membranes with the hydrophobic surface of valinomycin, destroys the normal K⁺ gradient across the membrane, and as a result kills the cells, incorporating into liposomes can significantly reduces the cytotoxicity and enhances the targeting effect. Valinomycin exhibits antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and insecticidal efficacy, thus can be used for relevant research.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.92%
CAS No.: 2001-95-8
Formula: C₅₄H₉₀N₆O₁₈
Molecular Weight:1111.32

Storage:

Sealed storage, away from moisture.

Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Valinomycin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 2001-95-8

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (8)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All Antibiotic Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A2780	IC₅₀	2.18 μM Compound: 1, VLM	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24900628]
BXPC-3	GI₅₀	0.0019 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19226154]
C6	IC₅₀	0.0004 μM Compound: 1, VLM	Cytotoxicity against rat C6 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against rat C6 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24900628]
C6	IC₅₀	0.4 nM Compound: 1, VLM	Cytotoxicity against rat C6 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against rat C6 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24900628]
DU-145	GI₅₀	0.0035 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19226154]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17300184]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.0008 μM Compound: 1, VLM	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24900628]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.8 nM Compound: 1, VLM	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24900628]
KM-20L2	GI₅₀	0.0008 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human KM20L2 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human KM20L2 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19226154]
KM-20L2	GI₅₀	0.8 ng/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human KM20L2 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human KM20L2 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19226154]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.5 μM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17300184]
MCF7	GI₅₀	0.001 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19226154]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.77 μM Compound: 1, VLM	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24900628]
MIA PaCa-2	IC₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against MiaPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against MiaPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17300184]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against H460 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against H460 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17300184]
NCI-H460	GI₅₀	0.0025 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19226154]
NIH-3T3-G185	IC₅₀	3.2 μM Compound: Valinomycin	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Daunorubicin efflux in NIH-3T3-G185 cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Daunorubicin efflux in NIH-3T3-G185 cells	[PMID: 11743742]
P388	ED₅₀	0.12 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells after 48 hrs by coulter counter method Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells after 48 hrs by coulter counter method	[PMID: 19226154]
SF-268	GI₅₀	0.0027 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human SF268 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human SF268 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19226154]
SW-620	IC₅₀	0.0001 μM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against SW620 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against SW620 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17300184]
SW-620	IC₅₀	0.1 nM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against SW620 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against SW620 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17300184]
Vero	CC₅₀	67.5 μM Compound: 22	Cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 17663539]
Vero	EC₅₀	1.63 μM Compound: 22	Antiviral activity against SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication by ELISA Antiviral activity against SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication by ELISA	[PMID: 17663539]
Vero C1008	CC₅₀	68 μM Compound: 72	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells incubated for 2 days by the MTS assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells incubated for 2 days by the MTS assay	[PMID: 32845145]

In Vitro

Lipo-Valinomycin (1-100 μM, 24 h) suppresses the viability of HepG2 significantly in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].
Lipo-Valinomycin (15 μM, 12 h) degrades the mitochondrial membrane potential and induces apoptosis (23%) of HepG2^[2].
1.19
Valinomycin bioactivities^[1]

Bioactivity	Target	Efficacy
Antibacterial	Streptococcus pyogenes	MIC 0.02 µg/mL
	Clostridium sporogenes	MIC 8 µg/mL
	Enterococcus faecalis	MIC 0.39–0.78 µg/disk
	Streptococcus pneumoniae	MIC 0.39–0.78 µg/disk
	Micrococcus luteus	MIC 25–50 µg/disk
Antifungal	Candida albicans	MIC 0.39–0.78 µg/disk
	Cryptococcus neoformans	MIC 50–100 µg/disk
	Phytophthora capsici	IC₅₀ 15.9 µg/mL
	Botrytis cinerea	MIC 4 µg/mL
	Magnaporthe grisea	MIC 4 µg/mL
	Candida albicans	MIC 32 µg/mL
	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	MIC 256 µg/mL
	Rhizoctonia solani	MIC 256 µg/mL
	Penicillium verrucosum	IC₅₀ 0.005 ng/mL
Antiviral	SARS-CoV	EC₅₀ 0.85 µM
	PRRSV	IC₅₀ 24 nM
	RSV	IC₅₀ 0.0015 µM
	MERS-CoV	IC₅₀ 84 nM
	HCoV-OC43	EC₅₀ 4.43 µM
	HCoV-NL63	EC₅₀ 1.89 µM
	MHV-A59	EC₅₀ 6.78 µM
	LACV	IC₅₀ 588 nM
	RVFV MP-12	IC₅₀ 41 nM
	HRV2	IC₅₀ 610 nM
	CVB3	IC₅₀ 971 nM
	ZIKV	IC₅₀ 78 nM
	KEYV	IC₅₀ 156 nM
	HCoV-229E	IC₅₀ 67 nM
	LASV	EC₅₀ 0.61 µM
	LCMV	EC₅₀ 0.15 µM
Antitumor	Human ovarian tumor cells CaOV-3	IC₅₀ 0.1 nM
	Murine P388 leukemia cancer cells	GI₅₀ 0.019 µg/mL
	Human ovary OVCAR-3 tumor cells	GI₅₀ 0.19 ng/mL
	Brain SF-295 tumor cells	GI₅₀ 0.35 ng/mL
	Renal A-498 carcinoma cells	GI₅₀ 1.9 ng/mL
	Lung NCI-H460 cancer cells	GI₅₀ 0.21 ng/mL
	Colon KM20L2 carcinoma cells	GI₅₀ 0.27 ng/mL
	Melanoma SK-MEL-5 cancer cells	GI₅₀ 0.26 ng/mL
	Rat C6 glioma cells	IC₅₀ 0.4 µM
	Human A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells	IC₅₀ 2.18 µM
	Human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells	IC₅₀ 1.77 µM
	Human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells	IC₅₀ 0.0008 µM
	Human U251 glioma cells	IC₅₀ 7.6 nM

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Lipo-Valinomycin (1-40 μg/g, i.v., every 2 days for 16 d) inhibits HepG2 tumor growth in nude mice^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

nude mice with HepG2^[2]
Dosage:

1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/g
Administration:

Intravenous injection (i.v.), every two days for 16 d
Result:

Exerted remarkable inhibition effect on tumor growth and no weight loss during the therapeutic period. Caused destructive tumor necrosis as most of the tumor cells were in apoptotic status.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 2001-95-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 1111.32
Formula C₅₄H₉₀N₆O₁₈
Color White to off-white
SMILES

CC([C@@H](O1)C(N[C@](C(O[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(O[C@@H](C(N[C@@H](C(O[C@](C)([H])C(N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O[C@H](C(C)C)C(N[C@H](C(C)C)C(O[C@@H](C)C(N[C@](C(C)C)([H])C1=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)C(C)C)=O)C(C)C)=O)C(C)C)=O)C)=O)([H])C(C)C)=O)C
Synonyms

NSC 122023
Sequence

Cyclic({d-Hiv}-{d-Val}-{Lac}-Val-{d-Hiv}-{d-Val}-{Lac}-Val-{d-Hiv}-{d-Val}-{Lac}-Val)
Sequence Shortening

Cyclic({d-Hiv}-{d-Val}-{Lac}-V-{d-Hiv}-{d-Val}-{Lac}-V-{d-Hiv}-{d-Val}-{Lac}-V)
Structure Classification
- Antibiotics
- Other Antibiotics
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Streptomyces fulvissimus
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Sealed storage, away from moisture

Powder	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (8)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayBio/Physico-chemical AssayWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

Malate initiates a proton-sensing pathway essential for pH regulation of inflammation. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 30;9(1):367. PMID: 39737965

Valinomycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Dec 30;9(1):367. [Abstract]

Cellular BiP-IRF2BP2 interactions shown by Western blot analysis of co-immunoprecipitation in MG132-pretreated (5 μM, 2 h) peritoneal macrophages which were incubated with Nigericin (10 μM), Valinomycin (10 μM) and MG132 (5 μM) for 3 h in calibration buffer under different pH (7.2, 7.0, 6.8, 6.6).
Cell Death Dis

Crotonylated BEX2 interacts with NDP52 and enhances mitophagy to modulate chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 30;14(9):645. PMID: 37777549

Valinomycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2023 Sep 30;14(9):645. [Abstract]

A549 cells were transfected with CTRL(pcDNA3.1) or BEX2. Then the cells were treated with valinomycin (1 μM) for 6 h. Cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies.

Valinomycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2023 Sep 30;14(9):645. [Abstract]

H1299 cells were transfected with siCTRL or siBEX2, and then overexpressed CTRL(pcDNA3.1) or BEX2. Cells were further incubated with valinomycin (1 μM) for 6h. Cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies.
Food Biosci

2025 Jul.
Viruses

Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 6;14(8):1734. PMID: 36016355

Valinomycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2022 Aug 6;14(8):1734. [Abstract]

After 24 h treatment (Valinomycin), cell viability was assessed by the WST-8 assay.

Valinomycin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2022 Aug 6;14(8):1734. [Abstract]

LysoGlow84 (10 µM) with each antibiotic of Salinomycin, Valinomycin, and Nigericin (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 6.3 µM, respectively) at maximal concentrations without cell toxicities was added to the Felis catus whole fetus-4 cells.
Andrology

Pharmacological inhibition of KSper impairs flagellar pH homeostasis of human spermatozoa. [Abstract]

2025 Oct;13(7):1805-1815. PMID: 39498893
bioRxiv

2026 Jun 8.
bioRxiv

2025 Dec 11.
bioRxiv

2023 Jun 25.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

Ethanol : 50 mg/mL (44.99 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (22.50 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

0.8998 mL

4.4992 mL

8.9983 mL

5 mM

0.1800 mL

0.8998 mL

1.7997 mL

10 mM

0.0900 mL

0.4499 mL

0.8998 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.25 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.25 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.25 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 4

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.25 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (297 KB)
SDS (480 KB)
- English - EN (480 KB)
- Français - FR (480 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (480 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (480 KB)
- Español - ES (480 KB)
- Swedish - SV (480 KB)
- Italian - IT (480 KB)
- Korean - KR (480 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (480 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Huang S, et al. The Nonribosomal Peptide Valinomycin: From Discovery to Bioactivity and Biosynthesis. Microorganisms. 2021，9(4):780. [Content Brief]

[2]. Zhang QW, et al. RETRACTED: Liposomal valinomycin mediated cellular K+ leak promoting apoptosis of liver cancer cells. J Control Release. 2021，337:317-328. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / Ethanol	1 mM	0.8998 mL	4.4992 mL	8.9983 mL	22.4958 mL
	5 mM	0.1800 mL	0.8998 mL	1.7997 mL	4.4992 mL
	10 mM	0.0900 mL	0.4499 mL	0.8998 mL	2.2496 mL
	15 mM	0.0600 mL	0.2999 mL	0.5999 mL	1.4997 mL
	20 mM	0.0450 mL	0.2250 mL	0.4499 mL	1.1248 mL
Ethanol	25 mM	0.0360 mL	0.1800 mL	0.3599 mL	0.8998 mL
	30 mM	0.0300 mL	0.1500 mL	0.2999 mL	0.7499 mL
	40 mM	0.0225 mL	0.1125 mL	0.2250 mL	0.5624 mL

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Valinomycin

Macrocyclic Compound Library

Peptide Library

Cyclic Peptide Library

Natural Product Library Plus

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Valinomycin

All Antibiotic Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (8)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Valinomycin

Macrocyclic Compound Library

Peptide Library

Cyclic Peptide Library

Natural Product Library Plus

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Valinomycin

All Antibiotic Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (8)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Valinomycin Related Classifications

HY-N6693 Related Classifications