Cucurbitaceae Extract

4-Hydroxy-2-butanone is a free volatile component of glycoside precursors in wax gourd.

Gynostemma Extract (Gypenoside IX) is a triterpenoid saponin. Gynostemma Extract can be isolated from Panax notoginseng. Gynostemma Extract reduces NFκB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/Akt/NFκB signaling pathway. Gynostemma Extract reduces the expression of cytokines (COX-2, IL-6) and the production of NO. Gynostemma Extract has anti-inflammatory activity. Gynostemma Extract can be used in the study of liver injury and neuroinflammation.

Siamenoside I is one of the mogrosides that has several kinds of bioactivities.

3,29-O-Dibenzoyloxykarounidiol (Karounidiol dibenzoate) is a multiflorane-type triterpene benzoate that inhibits Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) (HY-18739)-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation and exhibits tumor-promotion inhibitory activity. 3,29-O-Dibenzoyloxykarounidiol is used in cancer-related research.

Gypenoside LI, a gypenoside monomer, possesses anti-tumor activity. Gypenoside LI induces cell apoptosis, cell cycle and migration.

Ombuoside has antioxidant properties, inhibiting ROS production and apoptosis. Ombuoside exerts neuroprotective effects through the ERK-JNK-caspase-3 system. Ombuoside promotes Dopamine biosynthesis through TH and CREB activation. Ombuoside exhibits antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida albicans

Damulin A is a saponin found in G. pentaphyllum with anti-cancer activities.

Cucurbitacin IIb is an active component isolated from Hemsleya amabilis, induces apoptosis with anti-inflammatory activity. Cucurbitacin IIb inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3, JNK and Erk1/2, enhances the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB (p65), blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and decreases mRNA levels of IκBα and TNF-α.

Mogroside III is a triterpenoid glycoside. Mogroside III exhibits maltase inhibitory effect with an IC₅₀ value of 1.6 mM. Mogroside III enhances oocyte developmental potential by promoting autophagy in cumulus cells. Mogroside III, as the active ingredient of the low-polarity glycoside component (L-SGgly), L-SGgly can increase serum GLP-1 levels, improve insulin resistance, and reduce IL-6 levels, and has hypoglycemic, lipid-regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. Mogroside III can be used for the studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assisted reproductive technology.

Damulin B is a dammarane-type saponin found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Damulin B can inhibit cancer cell apoptosis, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibit ROS production and cause G0/G1 phase arrest. Damulin B can prevent Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced acute kidney injury and induce hair growth. Damulin B shows anti-inflammation anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. Damulin B can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation, metabolic disease, such as lung cancer, osteoarthritis and diabetes.

Cucurbitacin IIa (Hemslecin A) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable EGFR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1.455 nM against human EGFR. Cucurbitacin IIa induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, downregulates survivin expression, enhances autophagy levels, disrupts the actin cytoskeleton via actin aggregation, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the EGFR-MAPK signaling pathway. Cucurbitacin IIa can be used in the research of inflammation-related diseases, depression, and cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer.

1-Heptadecanol is a long-chain primary alcohol and antibacterial agent. 1-Heptadecanol can be isolated from Solena amplexicaulis. 1-Heptadecanol exhibits antibacterial activity against Salmonella gallinarum with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.08 μg/mL. 1-Heptadecanol can be used in the research of dandruff caused by Malassezia furfur.

Mogroside VI A, an isomer of Mogroside VI isolated from Luo Han Guo, exerts sweetness property. Mogroside VI A can be used for sweetener and/or taste modifier research.

11-Deoxymogroside V is a cucurbitane triterpene glycoside.

Gypenoside XLVI is one of the major dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from Gynostamma pentaphallum. Gypenoside XLVI has a tetracyclic triterpene structure and possess potent non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell inhibitory activity.

Mogroside II-​A is a natural product isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii.

9(S)-HpODE is produced by the action of arachidonate 5-LO on linoleic acid. It can be further metabolized by potato hydroperoxide dehydratase to colneleic acid.

Mogroside III-E is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycoside extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii, and it is an orally active TLR4 inhibitor. Mogroside III-E downregulates the expression of TLR4 and MyD88, and blocks the phosphorylation of downstream ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK molecules; meanwhile, it inhibits TGF-β- or LPS-mediated transdifferentiation of primary pulmonary fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, reduces the content of fibrosis markers such as hydroxyproline, suppresses the pro-fibrotic TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and downregulates the levels of inflammatory factors MPO and IL-1β. Mogroside III-E alleviates Bleomycin (HY-108345)-induced pulmonary collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltration in mice. Mogroside III-E can be used in studies related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Isomogroside V is a sweetener, which extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle).

Gypenoside LXXV, isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, is one of the deglycosylated shapes of ginsenoside Rb1. Gypenoside LXXV significantly reduces cancer cell viability and displays an anti-cancer effect.