2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-114360
    Taurohyodeoxycholic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    Taurohyodeoxycholic acid is an orally active 6 alpha-hydroxylated bile acid. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid decreases colonic MPO activity, TNF-α, lL-6 serum levels and the expression of COX-2. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid alleviates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced ulcerative colitis via regulating Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells balance. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid prevents Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (HY-N2027)-induced hepatotoxicity in bile fistula rats. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid can be used for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), colitis and biliary fistula.
    Taurohyodeoxycholic acid
  • HY-N0043
    Ginsenoside Rd
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Ginsenoside Rd inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 12.05±0.82 μM in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibits Ca2+ influx. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, with IC50s of 58.0±4.5 μM, 78.4±5.3 μM, 81.7±2.6 μM, and 85.1±9.1 μM, respectively.
    Ginsenoside Rd
  • HY-N1380
    Guaiacol
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
    Guaiacol
  • HY-14397A
    Indomethacin sodium hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Indomethacin (Indometacin) sodium hydrateis a orally active and BBB-permeable COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin sodium hydrateis has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin sodium hydrateis can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.
    Indomethacin sodium hydrate
  • HY-B0493
    Niflumic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.61%
    Niflumic acid is a calcium-activated chloride channel blocker and COX-2 inhibitor with the IC50 value of 100 nM. Niflumic acid induces apoptosis through caspase-8/Bid/Bax pathway in lung cancer cells. Niflumic acide exhibits anti-tumor activity by affecting the expression of ERK1/2 and the activity of MMP2 and MMP9. Niflumic acid has orally bioactivity. Niflumic acid acts on rheumatoid arthritis.
    Niflumic acid
  • HY-Y1267
    Magnesium sulfate
    		99.63%
    Magnesium sulfate is a calcium antagonist and a potent L-type calcium channel inhibitor, as well as a tocolytic. Magnesium sulfate has anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective effects. Magnesium sulfate can be used in the research of diseases such as preeclampsia/eclampsia.
    Magnesium sulfate
  • HY-17372
    Rofecoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Rofecoxib is a potent, specific and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 26 and 18 nM for human COX-2 in human osteosarcoma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells, with a 1000-fold selectivity for COX-2 over human COX-1 (IC50 > 50 μM in U937 cells and > 15 μM in Chinese hamster ovary cells).
    Rofecoxib
  • HY-B0363
    Nimesulide
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Nimesulide is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 70 nM-70 μM in a time-dependent manner, but it shows no effect on COX-1 (IC50 >100 μM). Nimesulide has potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties.
    Nimesulide
  • HY-10447
    Terameprocol
    		Inhibitor 99.50%
    Terameprocol is an inhibitor targeting the Sp1 transcription factor, which can selectively inhibit the transcription of Sp1-dependent genes. Terameprocol exerts its effects by inhibiting Sp1-mediated gene transcription, such as reducing the expression of genes like CDC2, survivin and HMGB1, thereby arresting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing the inflammatory response. Terameprocol exhibits anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities and is currently mainly used in the research of diseases such as cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension[1][2][3].
    Terameprocol
  • HY-78131S
    Ibuprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0760
    Fenofibric acid
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, is a PPAR activitor, with EC50s of 22.4 μM, 1.47 μM, and 1.06 μM for PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Fenofibric acid also inhibits COX-2 enzyme activity, with an IC50 of 48 nM.
    Fenofibric acid
  • HY-N7148
    γ-Tocopherol
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.
    γ-Tocopherol
  • HY-N0232
    Psoralidin
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation.
    Psoralidin
  • HY-B0808
    Oxaprozin
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Oxaprozin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin also inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Oxaprozin induces cell apoptosis. Oxaprozin shows anti-inflammatory activity. Oxaprozin-mediated inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties.
    Oxaprozin
  • HY-108775A
    Sodium thiosulfate (99%, water≤1.0%)
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Sodium thiosulfate is an antioxidant. Sodium thiosulfate inhibits the expression of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins, reduces IL-1β, COX-2, and Iba-1, and inhibits NFκB activation. Sodium thiosulfate promotes angiogenesis, inhibits inflammation, and improves acute lung injury. Sodium thiosulfate also exhibits anti-cancer activity against melanoma. Sodium thiosulfate also exerts renal protective effects. Sodium thiosulfate can be used in the research of osteoarthritis, brain inflammation, cancer (such as breast cancer, melanoma), and kidney disease.
    Sodium thiosulfate (99%, water≤1.0%)
  • HY-N0149
    Salicin
    		Inhibitor 99.43%
    Salicin is a natural COX inhibitor.
    Salicin
  • HY-170621
    STAT1/3-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.23%
    STAT1/3-IN-1 is a potent STAT1/3 inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory effect. STAT1/3-IN-1 inhibits phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1/3 to modulate microglial inflammation, reduces LPS (HY-D1056)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2). STAT1/3-IN-1 exhibits low toxicity in mice. STAT1/3-IN-1 can be used for the research of neuroinflammation.
    STAT1/3-IN-1
  • HY-N1957
    Gamma-Mangostin
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Gamma-Mangostin is a novel competitive 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist and potent epoxidase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, as well as a transthyroxin protein (TTR) profibrosis inhibitor. Gamma-Mangostin binds to the thyroxine (T4)-binding sites and stabilized the TTR tetramer. Gamma-Mangostin inhibits [3H] spiperone binding to cultured rat aortic myocytes (IC50=3.5 nM) and reduces The perfusion pressure response of rat coronary artery to 5-HT2A (IC50=0.32 μM). Gamma-Mangostin has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, and can be used in the study of metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
    Gamma-Mangostin
  • HY-15030A
    Naproxen sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.74%
    Naproxen sodium is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 8.72 and 5.15 μM, respectively in cell assay.
    Naproxen sodium
  • HY-N6966
    Ethyl Caffeate
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin.
    Ethyl Caffeate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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