PARP1
PARP1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1) is a nuclear ADP-ribosyltransferase that functions as an early sensor of DNA strand breaks and catalyzes poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation to recruit DNA repair factors and coordinate chromatin remodeling at sites of genomic damage[1][2]. Mechanistically, PARP1 is a central component of the DNA damage response and plays critical roles in single-strand break repair and base excision repair through the recruitment of repair proteins such as XRCC1 and associated repair complexes[1][3]. Beyond local DNA repair, PARP1 contributes to genome surveillance by transmitting damage signals that influence repair pathway selection, replication stress responses, and maintenance of genomic stability[1][4]. In disease contexts, impaired PARP1-regulated repair can promote genomic instability, whereas elevated dependence on PARP1-mediated repair is a characteristic feature of multiple cancer models, particularly tumors with homologous recombination defects[4][5]. Compared with the related isoform PARP2, PARP1 accounts for the majority of DNA damage-induced poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis and displays distinct DNA-binding properties, including efficient recognition of single-strand DNA breaks, while PARP2 preferentially recognizes repair intermediates such as DNA gaps and flaps[3][6]. These functional distinctions support nonredundant contributions of PARP1 and PARP2 to the spatial and temporal organization of DNA repair pathways[3]. For experimental applications, PARP inhibitors have become widely used tools for investigating DNA damage responses and synthetic lethality, particularly in BRCA1/2-deficient tumor models, where suppression of PARP1-dependent repair enhances the accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions and promotes selective cancer cell death[5][7].
References:
- [1]. Wang F, et al. PARPs and PARP inhibitors: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Mol Biomed. 2025 Dec 29;6(1):152. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Sciencedirect.topics.
- [3]. Yelamos J, et al. PARP-1 and PARP-2: New players in tumour development. Am J Cancer Res. 2011;1(3):328-346. Epub 2011 Jan 8. PMID: 21968702; PMCID: PMC3180065. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Petropoulos M, et al. Transcription-replication conflicts underlie sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Nature. 2024 Apr;628(8007):433-441. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Rose M, et al. PARP Inhibitors: Clinical Relevance, Mechanisms of Action and Tumor Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Sep 9;8:564601. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Szántó M, et al. Specific and shared biological functions of PARP2 - is PARP2 really a lil' brother of PARP1? Expert Rev Mol Med. 2024;26:e13.
- [7]. Underhill C, et al. A review of PARP inhibitors: from bench to bedside. Ann Oncol. 2011 Feb;22(2):268-79. [Content Brief]
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PARP1 Related Products (219)
Related Products (219)
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Antibodies (2)
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PARP1/PKM2-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-183765PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 is a dual PARP1/PKM2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 39.5 nM against PARP1, and IC50 values of 261 nM (recombinant PKM2) and 50 nM (dimeric PKM2) against PKM2. PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 reduces the dimerization of PKM2 and decreases its nuclear accumulation level. PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 also selectively downregulates PKM2 mRNA and impairs poly (ADP-ribose)-mediated nuclear retention of PKM2. PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 exhibits antiproliferative activity and inhibits the formation of 3D cancer spheroids. PARP1/PKM2-IN-1 can be used in research related to mammary adenocarcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer, BRCA1-mutant triple-negative breast cancer, and prostate adenocarcinoma.
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TOPOI/PARP-1-IN-2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-169299TOPOI/PARP-1-IN-2 (compound 6c) is a dual PARP-1 and topoisomerase 1 (TOPO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 32.2 nM and 46.2 nM, respectively. TOPOI/PARP-1-IN-2 shows a selectivity for PARP-1 over PARP-2. TOPOI/PARP-1-IN-2 disrupts the cell cycle at the S phase and induces apoptosis in NCI-60 cancer cell lines.
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iRucaparib-TP3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-130645CAS No.: 2410557-01-4
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PARP1/c-Met-IN-3
0 ImagesPARP1/c-Met-IN-3 (Compound L19) is a selective c-Met and PARP1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5.4 nM against c-Met and an IC50 of 3.7 nM against PARP1. PARP1/c-Met-IN-3 inhibits PARP2 enzymatic activity with an IC50 of 4.52 nM, and shows no specificity for PARP1 and PARP2. PARP1/c-Met-IN-3 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. PARP1/c-Met-IN-3 exhibits anti-tumor activity against triple-negative breast cancer.
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PARP1-IN-44
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178032PARP1-IN-44, an Olaparib (HY-10162) derivative, is an orally active PARP1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.6 nM), and also inhibits PARP2 (IC50 = 1.0 nM) and PARP7 (IC50 = 7.5 nM). PARP1-IN-44 has selective antiproliferative activity against BRCA-deficient cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. PARP1-IN-44 induces G2/M phase arrest, promotes apoptosis, elevates ROS levels, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential. PARP1-IN-44 suppresses PARylation while increasing γH2AX accumulation. PARP1-IN-44 activates the cGAS-STING pathway, upregulating IFN-β and CXCL10 expression. PARP1-IN-44 enhancing CD8+ T cell infiltration in a CT26 tumor mouse model, demonstrating robust in vivo antitumor efficacy.
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ARTD10/PARP10-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-148709CAS No.: 1708103-76-7ARTD10/PARP10-IN-1 (compound 23) is a potent and non-selective PARP inhibitor, targeting to mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases ARTD7/PARP15, ARTD8/PARP14, ARTD10/PARP10 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (ARTD1/PARP1) with IC50s of 1.7 μM, 1.6 μM, 0.8 μM, and 4.4 μM, respectively.
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BER-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-175466BER-IN-1 is a base excision repair (BER) inhibtor, targeting DNA abasic sites. BER-IN-1 cleaves abasic sites via β- and β,δ-elimination mechanisms, disrupts the base excision repair (BER) pathway and leads to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). BER-IN-1 can enhance the effectiveness of the PARP inhibitor Olaparib (HY-10162) in homologous recombination (HR)-proficient cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and SKOV3). BER-IN-1 induces an S-phase arrest and apoptosis companied with Olaparib (HY-10162). BER-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast, cervical and ovarian cancer.
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ZINC43120769
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-173597ZINC43120769 is a PARP1 inhibitor. ZINC43120769 can be used in prostate cancer (PC) research.
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ATR/PARP1-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-174828ATR/PARP1-IN-1 is a potent ATR and PARP1 dual inhibitor with IC50s of 17.3 nM and 0.38 nM, respectively. ATR/PARP1-IN-1 effectively reduces cell viability, induces apoptosis and DNA damage. ATR/PARP1-IN-1 significantly impairs triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) colony formation, migration, and invasion. ATR/PARP1-IN-1 suppresses tumor growth effectively in MDA-MB-468 xenografted mice, with no significant body weight change.
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PROTAC CDK9 degrader-11
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-170978CAS No.: 3039540-19-4PROTAC CDK9 degrader-11 is an orally active, selective CDK9 PROTAC degrader with a DC50 of 1.09 nM. PROTAC CDK9 degrader-11 recruits CRBN to form a ternary complex and degrades CDK9 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting RNA polymerase II phosphorylation and downregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic and pro-oncogenic genes, ultimately inducing apoptosis. PROTAC CDK9 degrader-11 is suitable for research on small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
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PARP1/EZH2-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-179386PARP1/EZH2-IN-1 is a selective PARP1 and EZH2 dual inhibitor. PARP1/EZH2-IN-1 has IC50s of 28 nM, 414 nM and 74 nM for PARP1, PARP2 and EZH2, respectively. PARP1/EZH2-IN-1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells (triple-negative breast Cancer cells). PARP1/EZH2-IN-1 induces PANoptosis (Apoptosis, Pyroptosis and Necroptosis), increases the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activates related inflammatory pathways. PARP1/EZH2-IN-1 can be used in triple-negative breast cancer research.
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PARP1/BRD4-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-144338CAS No.: 2758117-74-5
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Bcl-2/Mcl-1-IN-5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-181746Bcl-2/Mcl-1-IN-5 (Compound S6) is a Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 inhibitor. Bcl-2/Mcl-1-IN-5 promotes Apoptosis, downregulates anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, induces mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and activates the Caspase-dependent apoptotic cascade, as evidenced by Caspase-3 activation and PARP1 cleavage. Bcl-2/Mcl-1-IN-5 has anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity.
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YCH3292
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-180809CAS No.: 3049753-10-5YCH3292, a derivative of YCH189 (HY-155993) is a potent, selective and orally active PARP1/2 inhibitor with IC50 both <0.001 nM. YCH3292 can increase the stability of PARP-DNA complexes. YCH3292 exhibits robust antiproliferative activity. YCH3292 can induce double-strand breaks in DNA, increase the protein levels of γH2AX, P-RPA32, and P-Chk1 and induce tumor cells S or G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. YCH3292 can inhibit tumor growth in MC38 xenograft model.
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PARP1-IN-60
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-189005PARP1-IN-60 is an orally active PARP1 inhibitor with a human IC50 of 2.4 nM. PARP1-IN-60 selectively inhibits PARP1-mediated poly (ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) compared with PARP2. PARP1-IN-60 induces DNA damage, G2/M phase arrest and antiproliferative activity in BRCA-deficient cells. PARP1-IN-60 can be used in the research of BRCA-mutant cancers and colorectal cancer.
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PARP1-IN-47
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178468CAS No.: 3053592-61-0
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PARP-1/2-IN-5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-179349CAS No.: 489457-75-2PARP-1/2-IN-5 (Compound 12) is a PARP-1/2 inhibitor, with the IC50 values for PARP-1 and PARP-2 being 118 and 11 nM respectively. PARP-1/2-IN-5 can be used for the study of inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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PARP1/PRMT5-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-189242CAS No.: 3133817-84-9PARP1/PRMT5-IN-1 is an inhibitor of PARP1 and PRMT5, with an IC50 of 0.60 nM against PARP1 and an IC50 of 4.67 nM against PRMT5. PARP1/PRMT5-IN-1 downregulates the homologous recombination (HR)-associated factors BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51, thereby suppressing homologous recombination function. PARP1/PRMT5-IN-1 induces the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. PARP1/PRMT5-IN-1 triggers apoptosis. PARP1/PRMT5-IN-1 is applicable for breast cancer research.
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PARP1-IN-45
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178100PARP1-IN-45 (Compound 15) is a PARP1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 17 nM. PARP1-IN-45 effectively stimulates ATPase activity of ABCG2. PARP1-IN-45 can be used for cancers like ovarian cancer research.
