Plasmodium
Plasmodium parasites invade erythrocytes to access nutrients and occupy a protected intracellular niche[1]. Mechanistically, P. falciparum merozoite invasion depends on ligand-receptor interactions and regulated microneme and rhoptry secretion[2]. The apicoplast supports blood-stage growth mainly through isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis, shown by chemical rescue of parasites lacking this organelle[3]. Apicoplast-derived isoprenoids also support GPI-anchor biosynthesis, egress, and invasion in P. falciparum[4]. Compared with related apicomplexan parasites, malaria parasites use conserved host-cell entry logic but species-specific ligand-receptor interactions[1]. For experimental applications, apicoplast translation inhibitors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors provide tools to test delayed death, organelle maintenance, and parasite viability[5][6].
References:
- [1]. Cowman AF, et al. Invasion of red blood cells by malaria parasites. Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):755-66. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Singh S, et al. Distinct external signals trigger sequential release of apical organelles during erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Feb 5;6(2):e1000746. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Yeh E, et al. Chemical rescue of malaria parasites lacking an apicoplast defines organelle function in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol. 2011 Aug;9(8):e1001138. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Bulloch MS, et al. Apicoplast-derived isoprenoids are essential for biosynthesis of GPI protein anchors, and consequently for egress and invasion in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog. 2024 Sep 6;20(9):e1012484. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Pasaje CF, et al. Selective inhibition of apicoplast tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase causes delayed death in Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 9;6:27531. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Herman JD, et al. The cytoplasmic prolyl-tRNA synthetase of the malaria parasite is a dual-stage target of febrifugine and its analogs. Sci Transl Med. 2015 May 20;7(288):288ra77. [Content Brief]
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Plasmodium Related Products (265)
Related Products (265)
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Purfalcamine
0 ImagesPurfalcamine is an orally active, selective Plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (PfCDPK1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 17 nM and an EC50 of 230 nM. Purfalcamine has antimalarial activity and causes malaria parasites developmental arrest at the schizont stage.
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Kulactone
0 ImagesKulactone, a natural bioflavonoid and an inhibitor against jRdRp, possesses antifungal, antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities. Kulactone exhibit no crossing through Blood Brain Barrier (BBB).
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AQ-13 dihydrochloride
0 ImagesAQ-13 dihydrochloride is an aminoquinoline antimalarial agent that is effective against drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum.
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Sulfalene
0 ImagesSulfalene (Sulfametopyrazine) is an orally active antimalarial agent. Sulfalene competes with para-aminobenzoic acid in plasmodial and bacterial folic acid synthesis pathways. Sulfalene reduces trachoma-associated pathological changes. Sulfalene can be used for the research of acute falciparum malaria, Schistosoma mansoni infection, trachoma, chronic bronchitis, and bacteriuria in pregnancy.
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Decoquinate
0 ImagesDecoquinate is an orally active, selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial bc1 complex, targeting Eimeria spp. sporozoites and first generation schizonts, and Plasmodium spp. Decoquinate inhibits electron transfer by competitively binding to the mitochondrial cytochrome b system, blocking the parasite's energy metabolism, thereby inhibiting its development and reproduction. Decoquinate has significant anticoccidial activity, preventing intestinal damage and improving host growth performance, and also has inhibitory effects on the liver and blood stages of Plasmodium. Decoquinate is mainly used in veterinary research to prevent and treat coccidiosis in ruminants and poultry.
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Ferroquine
0 ImagesSynonyms: Ferrochloroquine; SSR97193Ferroquine (Ferrochloroquine), a ferrocenyl analogue of Chloroquine, is an antimalarial agent. Ferroquine shows parasiticidal effect on Plasmodium by inducing oxidative stress and the subsequent destruction of the membrane.
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ACT-451840
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111817CAS No.: 1984890-99-4ACT-451840 is an orally active, potent and low-toxicity compound, showing activity against sensitive and resistant plasmodium falciparum strains. ACT-451840 targets all asexual blood stages of the parasite, has a rapid onset of action. ACT-451840 behaves in a way similar to artemisinin derivatives, with very rapid onset of action and elimination of parasite. ACT-451840 can be used for the research of malarial.
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Lumefantrine-d9
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0803S1CAS No.: 2477594-24-2Synonyms: Benflumetol-d9Lumefantrine-d9 is the deuterium labeled Lumefantrine. Lumefantrine is an antimalarial drug, used in combination with Artemether. The artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as the first- and second-line anti-malarial drugs.
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Asimilobine
0 ImagesAsimilobine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plant species of Magnolia obobata Thun. Asimilobine is a dopamine biosynthesis inhibitor and a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Asimilobine shows an antimalarial and anti-cancer activity.
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Endochin
0 ImagesEndochin is an antimalarial agent. Endochin inhibits T.gondii with an IC50 of 0.003 nM. Endochin is also active against experimental toxoplasmosis.
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(+)-SJ733
0 ImagesSynonyms: SJ000557733(+)-SJ733 is an anti-malaria agent which can also inhibit Na+-ATPase PfATP4.
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Chloroquine-d5
0 ImagesChloroquine-d5 is deuterium labeled Chloroquine (HY-17589A). Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).
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BQR-695
0 ImagesSynonyms: NVP-BQR695BQR-695 is a PI4KIIIβ inhibitor with IC50s of 80 and 3.5 nM for human PI4KIIIβ and Plasmodium variant of PI4KIIIβ, respectively.
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NR-7h
0 ImagesNR-7h is a selective p38α/p38β MAPK PROTAC degrader with multiple activities including anti-leishmanial, anti-malarial, and anti-Mayaro virus properties. NR-7h induces specific degradation of p38α/p38β isoforms and p38-MAPK via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. NR-7h reduces the load of Leishmania donovani, modulates the cytokine profile toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and enhances the oxidative burst of macrophages. NR-7h inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in human red blood cells and merozoite invasion. NR-7h reduces the replication of Mayaro virus and the expression of E1 protein in primary human dermal fibroblasts. NR-7h can be used in studies related to parasitic infections, viral infections, and breast cancer.
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9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone
0 ImagesSynonyms: Xanthone I9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone (Xanthone I) is a known xanthone isolated from Garcinia mangostana Linn. 9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone has quorum-sensing inhibitory, anti-microbial, and anti-malarial activities (IC50=1.2-1.5 μM).
