Cat. No.: HY-Z0478

(-)-Limonene

(Synonyms: (S)-(-)-Limonene)

1 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

(-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is orally active and can cause mild bronchoconstriction. (-)-Limonene alleviates cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress by inhibiting the increase of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) and Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). It also exerts anti-stress effects by inhibiting the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Additionally, (-)-Limonene can be used as an antibacterial agent in aquaculture.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.59%
CAS No.: 5989-54-8
Formula: C₁₀H₁₆
Molecular Weight:136.23

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

(-)-Limonene Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 5989-54-8

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (1)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

CaMK II

All Antibiotic Isoforms :

All CaMK Isoforms :

In Vitro

(-)-Limonene (3.125-6400 μg/mL, 24 h) strongly inhibits Aeromonas hydrophila biofilm formation^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

(-)-Limonene (5-50 mg/kg, p.o., once daily for 1 week) can inhibit hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in male Wistar rats^[3].
(-)-Limonene (1 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) alleviates isoproterenol (HY-B1670A)-induced myocardial infarction in a Wistar rat model of heart attack^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A)-induced myocardial infarction Wistar rats model (200 to 250g)^[4]
Dosage:

1 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), single dose
Result:

Restored endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, restored the oxidative status of the infarcted heart and attenuated most of the cardiac remodeling observed in anIsoproterenol (HY-B1670A) myocardial infarction.

Animal Model:

Wistar male rats^[3]
Dosage:

5, 25, 50 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.),once daily for 1 week
Result:

Significantly decreased the concentration of glutamate (Glu) (25-50 mg/kg) and dose-dependently increased the concentration of GABA ((γ-Aminobutyric Acid)) in the whole brain.
Significantly increased the 5-HIAA (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid)/5-HT (5-Hydroxytryptamine) ratio and decreased the concentration of 5-HT.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 5989-54-8
Appearance Liquid (Density: 0.844 g/cm³)
Molecular Weight 136.23
Formula C₁₀H₁₆
Color Colorless to light yellow
SMILES

CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)=C)CC1
Synonyms

(S)-(-)-Limonene
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Other Monoterpenes
Initial Source
- Plants
- Rutaceae
- Citrus
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (1)

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Journal Impact Factor

Palacky University Olomouc

2024.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (734.05 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (367.03 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

7.3405 mL

36.7026 mL

73.4053 mL

5 mM

1.4681 mL

7.3405 mL

14.6811 mL

10 mM

0.7341 mL

3.6703 mL

7.3405 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration Concentration

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Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.35 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (18.35 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.35 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 50 mg/mL (367.03 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (774 KB)
- English - EN (774 KB)
- Français - FR (774 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (774 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (774 KB)
- Español - ES (774 KB)
- Swedish - SV (774 KB)
- Italian - IT (774 KB)
- Korean - KR (774 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (774 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Larsen ST, et al. Effects of R-(+)- and S-(-)-limonene on the respiratory tract in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2000 Aug;19(8):457-66. [Content Brief]

[2]. da Silva E G, et al. In vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of S-(-)-limonene and R-(+)-limonene against fish bacteria[J]. Fishes, 2021, 6(3): 32.

[3]. Zhou W, et al. Sub-chronic effects of s-limonene on brain neurotransmitter levels and behavior of rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2009 Aug;55(4):367-73. [Content Brief]

[4]. Rhana P, et al. S-limonene protects the heart in an experimental model of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol: Possible involvement of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Sep 5;930:175134. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	7.3405 mL	36.7026 mL	73.4053 mL	183.5132 mL
	5 mM	1.4681 mL	7.3405 mL	14.6811 mL	36.7026 mL
	10 mM	0.7341 mL	3.6703 mL	7.3405 mL	18.3513 mL
	15 mM	0.4894 mL	2.4468 mL	4.8937 mL	12.2342 mL
	20 mM	0.3670 mL	1.8351 mL	3.6703 mL	9.1757 mL
	25 mM	0.2936 mL	1.4681 mL	2.9362 mL	7.3405 mL
	30 mM	0.2447 mL	1.2234 mL	2.4468 mL	6.1171 mL
	40 mM	0.1835 mL	0.9176 mL	1.8351 mL	4.5878 mL
	50 mM	0.1468 mL	0.7341 mL	1.4681 mL	3.6703 mL
	60 mM	0.1223 mL	0.6117 mL	1.2234 mL	3.0586 mL
	80 mM	0.0918 mL	0.4588 mL	0.9176 mL	2.2939 mL
	100 mM	0.0734 mL	0.3670 mL	0.7341 mL	1.8351 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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(-)-Limonene

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) (-)-Limonene

All Antibiotic Isoforms

All CaMK Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (1)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

(-)-Limonene Related Classifications

HY-Z0478 Related Classifications