2-Aminobenzothiazole
Based on 1 Customer Validation
2-Aminobenzothiazole acts as a caspase 3/7 activator, an anticancer cytotoxic agent, and also exhibits neurotoxicity. 2-Aminobenzothiazole drives the apoptotic pathway by activating caspase 3/7, induces mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization, and triggers both early and late apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway. In zebrafish models, 2-Aminobenzothiazole induces oxidative damage in brain tissues and inhibits genes related to GABA and 5-HT synthesis pathways. Long-term exposure to 2-Aminobenzothiazole impairs motor ability, social behavior, anxiety-like state and cognitive function. 2-Aminobenzothiazole can be used in studies of human laryngeal carcinoma and related neurotoxicity.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.74%
- CAS No.: 136-95-8
- Formula: C7H6N2S
- Molecular Weight:150.21
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Storage:
RT, protect from light.
In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-W017424R
2-Aminobenzothiazole (Standard)Dinuclear Complexes Ligand -
HY-W012634
BenzothiazoleHeterocyclic Nuclei -
HY-59318
2-Amino-6-bromobenzothiazoleBiochemical Reagent -
HY-78699
2-HydrazinobenzothiazoleIDO1 Inhibitor -
HY-W040269
Dehydrothio-p-toluidineChemical Intermediate -
![6-Bromobenzo[d]thiazole](https://file.medchemexpress.com/product_pic/hy-w003182.gif)
HY-W003182
6-Bromobenzo[d]thiazoleBiochemical Reagent -
HY-W003372
Pramipexole impurity 9Pramipexole Impurity -
HY-W005799
E3 ligase Ligand 80E3 Ligase Ligand -
HY-W019633
Benzothiazole-5-boronic acid pinacol esterBiochemical Assay Reagents -
![Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate](https://file.medchemexpress.com/product_pic/hy-w021608.gif)
HY-W021608
Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylateDrug Intermediate -
HY-W012634R
Benzothiazole (Standard)Heterocyclic Nuclei -
![(S)-4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2,6-diamine (Standard)](https://file.medchemexpress.com/product_pic/hy-w003372r.gif)
HY-W003372R
(S)-4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2,6-diamine (Standard)
All Caspase Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
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Caspase 3 |
Caspase-7 |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| CHO | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: 7
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Inhibition of human VAP-1 expressed in CHO cells using [14C]-benzylamine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 hr by scintillation spectrometric analysis
Inhibition of human VAP-1 expressed in CHO cells using [14C]-benzylamine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 hr by scintillation spectrometric analysis
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[PMID: 23664164] |
| CHO | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: 7
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Inhibition of rat VAP-1 expressed in CHO cells using [14C]-benzylamine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 hr by scintillation spectrometric analysis
Inhibition of rat VAP-1 expressed in CHO cells using [14C]-benzylamine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 hr by scintillation spectrometric analysis
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[PMID: 23664164] |
In Vitro
2-aminobenzothiazole (3.125-100 μM; 24-72 h) exerts dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells, with IC50 values of 5 μM (24 h), 27 μM (48 h), and 5 μM (72 h)[1].
2-aminobenzothiazole (IC50 concentration; 24 h) induces apoptosis in human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells, with 42.62% of cells undergoing early or late apoptosis after 24 hours[1].
2-aminobenzothiazole (IC50 concentration; 24 h) activates caspase 3/7 in human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells[1].
2-Aminobenzothiazole inhibits the activity of porcine thyroid peroxidase, with intermediate potency relative to other benzothiazole derivatives[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells
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Concentration:3.125-100 μM (24 h); 3.13-100 μM (48 h); 3.13-100 μM (72 h)
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Incubation Time:24 h; 48 h; 72 h
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Result:Caused a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in HEp-2 cell viability at 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM after 24 h incubation, with the highest growth inhibition at 100 μM, and an IC50 of 5 μM.
Caused a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in HEp-2 cell viability at 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM after 48 h incubation, with the highest cytotoxicity at 100 μM, and an IC50 of 27 μM.
Induced a statistically significant (p < 0.05) viability reduction at 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM after 72 h incubation, with the highest cytotoxicity at 100 μM, and an IC50 of 5 μM.
Exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect across all incubation times.
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Cell Line:human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells
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Concentration:IC50 concentration (24 h)
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Resulted in 56.93% of HEp-2 cells being alive, 25.99% in early apoptosis, 16.69% in late apoptosis, and 0.39% necrotic, with a total apoptotic cell percentage of 42.62% after 24-hour exposure.
In Vivo
2-Aminobenzothiazole (50-500 μg/L; aqueous exposure; water renewal every two days; 120 dpf) induces significant neurobehavioral deficits (reduced locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, impaired memory), oxidative brain damage, and dysregulation of GABA and 5-HT pathway gene expression in adult Danio rerio[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Wild-type AB (adults, 120 days post-fertilization [dpf])[2]
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Dosage:50 μg/L; 500 μg/L
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Administration:aqueous exposure; water renewal every two days; 120 dpf
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Result:Caused a significant 17.6% decrease in adult zebrafish body weight and 5.1% decrease in body length (500 μg/L, P < 0.05).
Showed no significant effect on adult zebrafish body weight or length (50 μg/L).
Significantly reduced adult zebrafish swimming velocity (50 and 500 μg/L, P < 0.05).
Significantly decreased entries into the center zone, increased distance between individuals, and reduced body contacts in adult zebrafish (500 μg/L, P < 0.05).
Significantly reduced time spent in the tank top and increased immobility time in the tank bottom in adult zebrafish (50 and 500 μg/L, P < 0.05).
Significantly reduced movement speed in the novel object area, decreased time spent in the novel object area, and increased time spent in the familiar object area in adult zebrafish (50 and 500 μg/L, P < 0.05).
Significantly increased brain tissue CAT and GSH enzyme activities, elevated MDA content, and inhibited SOD enzyme activity in adult zebrafish (50 and 500 μg/L, P < 0.05).
Significantly upregulated brain expression of oxidative stress-related genes (Cat, Mn-sod, nrf2, Cu/Zn-sod) in adult zebrafish (50 and 500 μg/L, P < 0.05).
Significantly suppressed expression of GABA synthesis pathway genes (gabrg2, gad2, gad1b, abat) and 5-HT synthesis pathway genes (tph2, tph1b, pet1, htr1aa) in adult zebrafish brain (50 and 500 μg/L, P < 0.05).
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 136-95-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 150.21
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Formula C7H6N2S
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
NC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
RT, protect from light
In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (665.73 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.64 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.64 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Neurotoxicity Study
This protocol assesses in vitro neurotoxicity by combining neuronal viability, mitochondrial/metabolic activity, neurite outgrowth, and optional neuronal network function readouts. Calcein-AM or resazurin/PrestoBlue readouts estimate viable or metabolically active cells; βIII-tubulin immunofluorescence detects neuronal morphology and neurite networks; TMRE detects mitochondrial membrane potential; and MEA recordings detect functional changes in neuronal network activity.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Fluorescent plasma-membrane potential dye assay
Fluorescent plasma-membrane potential dye assays measure changes in cell membrane potential using voltage-sensitive dyes whose fluorescence changes when cells depolarize or hyperpolarize. Anionic bis-oxonol dyes such as DiBAC4(3) enter depolarized cells more readily and show increased fluorescence after intracellular binding, while hyperpolarization reduces dye accumulation and fluorescence. FMP/FLIPR membrane-potential dyes are used for faster, homogeneous microplate assays of ion-channel or receptor-mediated membrane-potential changes.
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Protocol for Water Maze
The Morris Water Maze is a rodent spatial learning and memory assay in which a mouse or rat swims in opaque water to find an escape platform; in the hidden-platform version, the animal cannot see the platform and must use distal extra-maze cues to learn its fixed spatial location. The assay primarily measures hippocampus-dependent spatial learning during acquisition trials and spatial reference memory during probe trials after platform removal; readouts include escape latency, swim path length, swim speed, quadrant occupancy, platform-site crossings, and proximity to the former platform location.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Haznedar B, et al. Investigation of proapoptotic and cytotoxic effects of 2-aminobenzothiazole on human laryngeal carcinoma cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024;28(4):1585-1593. [Content Brief]
[2]. Gu J, et al. Neurobehavioral toxic effects and mechanisms of 2-aminobenzothiazole exposure on zebrafish. Sci Total Environ. 2024;913:169495. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 6.6573 mL | 33.2867 mL | 66.5735 mL | 166.4337 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3315 mL | 6.6573 mL | 13.3147 mL | 33.2867 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6657 mL | 3.3287 mL | 6.6573 mL | 16.6434 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4438 mL | 2.2191 mL | 4.4382 mL | 11.0956 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3329 mL | 1.6643 mL | 3.3287 mL | 8.3217 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2663 mL | 1.3315 mL | 2.6629 mL | 6.6573 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2219 mL | 1.1096 mL | 2.2191 mL | 5.5478 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1664 mL | 0.8322 mL | 1.6643 mL | 4.1608 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1331 mL | 0.6657 mL | 1.3315 mL | 3.3287 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1110 mL | 0.5548 mL | 1.1096 mL | 2.7739 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0832 mL | 0.4161 mL | 0.8322 mL | 2.0804 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0666 mL | 0.3329 mL | 0.6657 mL | 1.6643 mL |
2-Aminobenzothiazole Related Classifications
HY-W017424 Related Classifications
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