Art. -Nr.: HY-N2309

Kainic acid

41 Cited Publications

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Kainic acid is a potent excitotoxic agent. Kainic acid hydrate also is an agonist for a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. Kainic acid induces seizures.

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Reinheit: 99.95%
CAS. Nr.: 487-79-6
Formel: C₁₀H₁₅NO₄
Molecular Weight:213.23

Speicherung:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Kainic acid Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 487-79-6

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Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- Cellular Effect
- In Vivo
- Induced Disease Models
Chemical Information
Publications (41)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Kainic acid is a potent excitotoxic agent. Kainic acid hydrate also is an agonist for a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. Kainic acid induces seizures^[1]^[2].

Alle EAAT Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: Kainate	Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 6 using HEK293 cells Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 6 using HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10969973]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: 3	Effective concentration against human GluR6 expressed in HEK293 cells Effective concentration against human GluR6 expressed in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10821708]
HEK293	EC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR6(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR6(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	12 μM Compound: 3	Effective concentration required for evoking response in HEK293 cell Effective concentration required for evoking response in HEK293 cell	[PMID: 10821708]
HEK293	EC₅₀	16.2 μM Compound: Kainate	Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 5 using HEK293 cells Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 5 using HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10969973]
HEK293	EC₅₀	16.2 μM Compound: 3	Effective concentration against GluR5 expressed in HEK293 cells Effective concentration against GluR5 expressed in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10821708]
HEK293	EC₅₀	23 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR1 flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR1 flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	23 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	37 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR5(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR5(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	380 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR2(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR2(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	380 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	40 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR3 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR3 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	40 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	47 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR4 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR4 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	47 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
Neuron	EC₅₀	17.3 μM Compound: kainate	Excitotoxicity against C57BL/6N mouse hippocampal neurons after 48 hrs by MTT assay Excitotoxicity against C57BL/6N mouse hippocampal neurons after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18083036]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	10.57 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	26.61 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP Agonist activity at recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	27 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	29.06 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP Agonist activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	31 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	57.5 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	60 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	64.6 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	7.51 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	73 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]

In Vivo

Animal Model:

8 weeks, 200-250 g male adult Wistar rats^[1]
Dosage:

5 mg/kg
Administration:

I.p.; hourly at least 3 h until status epilepticus
Result:

Induced seizures in rats.

Induced Disease Models

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Kainic acid-induced epilepsy model is an effective tool for studying temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and can be administered systemically, into the hippocampus, or amygdala, and is reproducible in various animal models. The systemic Kainic acid model closely resembles human TLE. When Kainic acid (5 nM) is injected into the neostriatum, substantia nigra, or cerebellum, over half of the compound disappears from the injection site and brain within 0.5 hours, with radioactivity detected in other brain regions at concentrations below 7 pM/mg tissue^[3]^[4]^[6].

1. Induction of epilepsy model in mouse^[5]

Background

Kainic acid, an analog of L-glutamate and an ionotropic KA receptor agonist, can damage hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

Specific Modeling Methods

Mice: C57BL/6J • male • 7 weeks old • 22 g body weight
Administration: 10 μg in 5 μL • i.c.v.

Note

(1) The right lateral brain ventricle is localized with a stereotactic instrument.
(2) After the operation, skin was sutured, and keep the mice under a warming place until they wake up.
(3) 48 hours after lateral ventricle injection, the mice are anaesthetized using Isoflurane and then sequentially intracardially perfused with saline and PFA (4%, 30 mL). Rapidly remove The mouse brain processed for paraffin embedding or frozen sections.

Modeling Indicators

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording: Had higher local maximal amplitude and reduced spike frequency compared to the control group.
Histology analysis: Showed Triangulated pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasmic shrinkage in the hippocampal neuron, and induced neuronal loss.

Opposite Product(s): Sitagliptin (HY-13749)

2. Induction of epilepsy model in rats^[6]

Background

Kainic acid can bind to NMDA receptors which are abundant in neurons in the cornu ammonus of the hippocampus, amygdala, and pyriform cortex, and leading to variable levels of neuronal death in these regions.

Specific Modeling Methods

Rat: Sprague-Dawley rats • male
Administration: 10 mg/kg • i.p. • a single dose

Note

(1) Seizures occurres approximately 45 min after injection, typically lasted 2-3 hr.
(2) Kainic acid-treated animals may die during an acute period of intoxication, it's suggested to increase the number of animals per group.
(3) 72 hours later, the rats are anesthetized and immediately perfused transcardially with 50 mL 0.9% saline followed by 500 mL 0.1 m neutral phosphate-buffered formaldehyde (4%). And remove the brain and postfixed at 4°C overnight in the same fixative and dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and cut into serial 6-μm-thick coronal sections at the level of the dorsal hippocampus.

Modeling Indicators

behavioral changes: Exhibited immobility and rigid postures firstly, followed by repetitive head nodding, ‘wet dog shakes’, and subsequent rearing and falling. Eventually, the rats developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures with continuous convulsions, lasting for several hours.
Histology analysis: Resulted in a loss of pyramidal neurons in fields CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus.
Increaseed the size, arborization, and stainability of GFAP-immunoreactive cells.

Opposite Product(s): Melatonin (HY-B0075)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 487-79-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 213.23
Formel C₁₀H₁₅NO₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC[C@@H]1C(C)=C
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Pyrrole Alkaloids
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (41)

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Journal Impact Factor

Nat Neurosci

GABA-dependent microglial elimination of inhibitory synapses underlies neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;28(7):1404-1417. PMID: 40425792

Kainic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Neurosci. 2025 Jul;28(7):1404-1417. [Abstract]

Kainic Acid (KA, i.p., 24 mg/kg, single dose in mouse model of TLE) administration markedly increased microglial calcium signal in both brain regions.
Nat Neurosci

Lipid-accumulated reactive astrocytes promote disease progression in epilepsy. [Abstract]

2023 Apr;26(4):542-554. PMID: 36941428

Kainic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Neurosci. 2023 Apr;26(4):542-554. [Abstract]

At the chronic stage (21 d after i.p., 24 mg/kg KA injection), both PLIN2/BD493 staining and electron microscopy of mouse hippocampus showed accumulation of LDs in neurons and astrocytes but not in microglia or oligodendrocytes.
Neuron

Aberrant coupling of glutamate and tyrosine kinase receptors enables neuronal control of brain-tumor growth. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 27:S0896-6273(25)00591-4. PMID: 40897174
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Microglial GPR35 Ameliorates Epileptogenesis and Neuroinflammation via PDGFA Domain 2 Signaling. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 28:e19642. PMID: 41604576
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Deficiency Impairs Hippocampal Glutamate Homeostasis and Cognitive Function by Downregulating Astrocytic GLT-1. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 14:e00402. PMID: 40946177
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Targeting ROCK2 to Restore Epileptic Synaptic Networks via Mitophagy Activation: Insights from Translational Imaging of SV2A In Vivo. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 29:e08161. PMID: 40878444

Kainic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug 29:e08161. [Abstract]

ROCK2 inhibition reversed KA (50 μM)-induced suppression of mitophagy, suggesting mitochondrial normalization.
Nat Chem Biol

3-Hydroxykynurenine targets kainate receptors to promote defense against infection. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;20(12):1586-1596. PMID: 38898166
Theranostics

Targeted sonogenetic modulation of GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in status epilepticus. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 7;14(16):6373-6391. PMID: 39431014
J Nanobiotechnology

Improving epilepsy management by targeting P2 × 7 receptor with ROS/electric responsive nanomicelles. [Abstract]

2025 May 5;23(1):332. PMID: 40325469

Kainic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 May 5;23(1):332. [Abstract]

In the TFP@A-treated group, the number and duration of GS were significantly reduced by the second day of Kainic acid (KA, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.5 µL) treatment, with antiepileptic effects lasting until the third day
J Neuroinflammation

The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on disease-associated microglia phenotypic transformation in epilepsy. [Abstract]

2021 May 11;18(1):112. PMID: 33975617
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Ursolic acid derivative UA312 ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish via targeting chrna3 and grik5. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 28. PMID: 40295836
PLoS Biol

Sensitive red fluorescent indicators for real-time visualization of potassium ion dynamics in vivo. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 17;23(9):e3002993. PMID: 40961161
Cell Rep

Thalamic glutamatergic neurons regulate seizure onset and generalization in temporal lobe epilepsy. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 10;45(4):117246. PMID: 41966823
Transl Psychiatry

Stellate ganglion block diminishes consolidation of conditioned fear memory in mice by inhibiting the locus coeruleus to the basolateral amygdala neural circuit. [Abstract]

2025 May 17;15(1):172. PMID: 40382311

Kainic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Transl Psychiatry. 2025 May 17;15(1):172. [Abstract]

KA treatment: Lidocaine (3%) and KA (2 mg/mL) were infused bilaterally into the LC via delivery cannulas connected to the cannula drug delivery system in a 0.2 μL volume per side at a rate of 0.1 μL/10 s 30 min after training. Pharmacological inhibition of the LC reduced conditioned fear memory in mice, whereas activation of the LC reversed the SGB-induced reduction in conditioned fear memory [n = 8, F (3, 28) = 53.26, P < 0.0001; NS + Vehicle vs. NS + Lid, n = 8, P < 0.0001; SGB + Vehicle vs. SGB + KA, n = 8, P < 0.0001].
Acta Neuropathol Commun

Inhibition of RtTg neurons reverses methamphetamine-induced attention deficits. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 22;12(1):179. PMID: 39578917
Pharmaceutics

8-Hydroxy-2-Anilino-1,4-Naphthoquinone Prevents Against Ferroptotic Neuronal Death and Kainate-Induced Epileptic Seizures. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 31;17(11):1415. PMID: 41304754
CNS Neurosci Ther

Astaxanthin Inhibits Ferroptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in Kainic Acid-Induced Epileptic Mice by Activating the Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;31(2):e70238. PMID: 39957487
CNS Neurosci Ther

Berberine Alleviates Kainic Acid-Induced Acute Epileptic Seizures in Mice via Reshaping Gut Microbiota-Associated Lipid Metabolism. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;31(2):e70253. PMID: 39915895
CNS Neurosci Ther

Impact of LITAF on Mitophagy and Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy via MCL-1 Ubiquitination. [Abstract]

2025 Jan;31(1):e70191. PMID: 39764629
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Crinis Carbonisatus-Derived Carbon Dot Suspension Alleviates Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 1;18(10):1481. PMID: 41155596
Int Immunopharmacol

CGRP alleviates epilepsy via JAK1-STAT1-P2RX7 signaling: a novel neuroprotective axis targeting neuronal damage. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 21:170:116080. PMID: 41429063
Int Immunopharmacol

Melatonin alleviates retinal injury induced by vigabatrin and partially enhances its antiepileptic effects. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 27:153:114516. PMID: 40154179
Mol Neurobiol

REST/NRSF Regulation of Epilepsy and Cognitive Impairment: Mechanisms and EEG Correlations. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 17. PMID: 40676365
Mol Neurobiol

Raloxifene Prevents Chemically-Induced Ferroptotic Neuronal Death In Vitro and In Vivo. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;62(3):3934-3955. PMID: 39354232
J Neurochem

Cannabidiol Protects Against Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes-Induced Neuronal Death in Mouse Model of Epilepsy. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;169(3):e70038. PMID: 40099400
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry

Microglial HMGB2 mediates neuroinflammation and brain damage in Cx3cr1-creERT2 epileptic mice through astrocyte-derived CCL2. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 20:147:111763. PMID: 42218973
Cell Signal

Clec7a promotes hippocampal microglial activation in rats with status epilepticus via inducing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Aug:144:112553. PMID: 42025892
Hum Cell

Neuroprotective activity of thiolutin in epileptic mice: the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 25;39(1):28. PMID: 41447420
Mol Brain

Chemogenetic silencing of the subiculum blocks acute chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 29;17(1):91. PMID: 39614352
Neuroscience

Suppression of AKAP150 palmitoylation alleviates seizures in kainic acid-induced epilepsy mice. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 5:590:83-92. PMID: 41187801
Brain Res

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases susceptibility to epilepsy via interleukin-1 type 1 receptor signaling. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 15:1793:148052. PMID: 35970265
Epilepsy Behav

Butylphthalide may inhibit blood-brain barrier disruption through complement-related pathways to alleviate cognitive impairment in epileptic mice. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 18:164:110251. PMID: 39827680
J Tradit Chin Med

Electroacupuncture preconditioning alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus- interposed nucleus nerve pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Jun;42(3):379-388. PMID: 35610007
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

miR-128 regulates epilepsy sensitivity in mice by suppressing SNAP-25 and SYT1 expression in the hippocampus. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 19:545:195-202. PMID: 33571908
Epilepsy Res

Vitamin D3 prevents epileptic seizures by modulating the ras signalling pathway via Gnb1 and Casr in acute epilepsy mouse models. [Abstract]

2026 May 14:225:107820. PMID: 42150281
Cytotechnology

Identification of plasma exosomal microRNAs and bioinformatics analysis of the microRNA-messenger RNA regulatory pathways in mice with status epilepticus. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;77(2):65. PMID: 39991702
Res Sq

2026 May 4.
bioRxiv

2026 Apr 20.
Authorea

2024 Dec 27.
biorxiv

2024 May 21.
Research Square Preprint

2024 Jan 24.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 40 mg/mL (187.59 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 10 mg/mL (46.90 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.6898 mL

23.4489 mL

46.8977 mL

5 mM

0.9380 mL

4.6898 mL

9.3795 mL

10 mM

0.4690 mL

2.3449 mL

4.6898 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.72 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.72 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.72 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

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Verweise

[1]. Cincioğlu-Palabiyik M, et al. Chronic levetiracetam decreases hippocampal and testicular aromatase expression in normal but not kainic acid-induced experimental model of acute seizures in rats. Neuroreport. 2017 Sep 27;28(14):903-909. [Content Brief]

[2]. Wang Q, et al. Kainic acid-mediated excitotoxicity as a model for neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol. 2005;31(1-3):3-16. [Content Brief]

[3]. Lévesque M, et al. The kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2887-99. [Content Brief]

[4]. Scherer-Singler U, McGeer EG. Distribution and persistence of kainic acid in brain. Life Sci. 1979 Mar 12;24(11):1015-22. [Content Brief]

[5]. Zheng Z, et al. The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on disease-associated microglia phenotypic transformation in epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation. 2021 May 11;18(1):112. [Content Brief]

[6]. Chung SY, et al. Melatonin attenuates kainic acid-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and oxidative stress through microglial inhibition. J Pineal Res. 2003 Mar;34(2):95-102. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	4.6898 mL	23.4489 mL	46.8977 mL	117.2443 mL
	5 mM	0.9380 mL	4.6898 mL	9.3795 mL	23.4489 mL
	10 mM	0.4690 mL	2.3449 mL	4.6898 mL	11.7244 mL
	15 mM	0.3127 mL	1.5633 mL	3.1265 mL	7.8163 mL
	20 mM	0.2345 mL	1.1724 mL	2.3449 mL	5.8622 mL
	25 mM	0.1876 mL	0.9380 mL	1.8759 mL	4.6898 mL
	30 mM	0.1563 mL	0.7816 mL	1.5633 mL	3.9081 mL
	40 mM	0.1172 mL	0.5862 mL	1.1724 mL	2.9311 mL
DMSO	50 mM	0.0938 mL	0.4690 mL	0.9380 mL	2.3449 mL
	60 mM	0.0782 mL	0.3908 mL	0.7816 mL	1.9541 mL
	80 mM	0.0586 mL	0.2931 mL	0.5862 mL	1.4656 mL
	100 mM	0.0469 mL	0.2345 mL	0.4690 mL	1.1724 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Kainic acid

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Kainic acid

Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Compound Library

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Kainic acid

Alle EAAT Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (41)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Kainic acid

Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Compound Library

Natural Product Library

Peptidomimetic Library

Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library

Alkaloids Library

Plant-Sourced Natural Product Library

Human Metabolite Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Natural Product Library Plus

Natural Product and Natural Product-Like Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library

RO5 Drug-like Natural Product Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Natural Product Library

Ancient Chinese Classical Formulas Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library

Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library

Diarrhea-Related Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library

Mass Spectrometry Natural Product Library

3D Diverse Fragment Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Kainic acid

Alle EAAT Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (41)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Kainic acid Related Classifications

HY-N2309 Related Classifications