Depression

Aminophylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aminophylline (HY-B0140). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aminophylline is a competitive phosphodiesterase 3/4 (PDE3/4) inhibitor. Aminophylline also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Aminophylline elevates intracellular cAMP levels via competitive inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4, antagonizes adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), regulates intracellular calcium signaling and synaptic vesicle cycling, upregulates the PPAR signaling pathway, and downregulates glutamatergic synaptic pathways simultaneously. Aminophylline can be used in research related to major depressive disorder, epilepsy, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Antidepressant agent 10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Antidepressant agent 10 (HY-W009754). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Antidepressant agent 10 is an orally active antidepressant compound that inhibits the serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors, with corresponding IC₅₀ values of 190 nM and 110 nM, respectively.

Piberaline (EGYT-475; Trelibet) is a psychoactive piperazine derivative with stimulant and antidepressant effects. Piberaline antagonizes Reserpine (HY-N0480)-induced dopamine depletion. Piberaline can be used for research on depression and central nervous system disorders.

UK-78282 hydrochloride is a K_V1.3 channel inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.20 μM and a K_d of 0.39 μM. UK-78282 hydrochloride also inhibits the Kv1.4 Potassium Channel. UK-78282 hydrochloride blocks KV1.3 in a use-dependent manner and inhibits human T lymphocyte activation by regulating the cell cycle. UK-78282 hydrochloride can be used in research related to mental disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia.

Triflusal (Standard) is the analytical standard of Triflusal (HY-B0531). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Triflusal is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable dual Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)/cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Triflusal inhibits platelet aggregation, NF-κB activation, iNOS activity, and prostaglandin synthesis in ischaemic tissue. Triflusal stimulates neutrophil nitric oxide production, eNOS protein expression, and cNOS activity. Triflusal alleviates cerebral ischemic injury in rats and ameliorates pathological lesions and related gene expression in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease models. Triflusal can be used for the research of thromboembolic/ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease.

NS2359 (GSK372475) is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine triple reuptake inhibitor. NS2359 is used for research on depression.

Cyprolidol is an orally active inhibitor of acetylcholine receptor and histamine receptor with potential antidepressant activity. Cyprolidol inhibits acetylcholine-induced hypotensive response, histamine-induced systolic blood pressure decrease, tyramine-induced systolic blood pressure increase, serotonin-induced systolic blood pressure response in anesthetized animals, and bretylium-induced systolic blood pressure increase in anesthetized cats. Cyprolidol potentiates norepinephrine-induced systolic blood pressure increase, slightly potentiates epinephrine-induced systolic blood pressure increase, and enhances the anesthetic depth of barbiturates. Cyprolidol can be used in the research of depression.

Paroxetine (BRL29060) acetate is an orally active and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and apoptosis inducer with blood-brain barrier permeability. Paroxetine acetate inhibits nitric oxide synthase and CYP2D6, induces desensitization of 5-HT1A/1B/1D autoreceptors, downregulates 5-HT2 receptors, and promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines. Paroxetine acetate is a weak norepinephrine (NE) uptake inhibitor and possesses antitumor activity. Paroxetine acetate is widely used in research concerning depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, hot flashes, and related conditions.

Cilobamine methanesulfonate is an orally active antidepressant and a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Cilobamine methanesulfonate increases the levels of Aniline hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 in rat liver. Cilobamine methanesulfonate promotes hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in rat liver hepatocytes, increases relative liver weight and recoverable microsomal protein. Cilobamine methanesulfonate produces stimulant and anxiogenic effects, and does not inhibit monoamine oxidase. Cilobamine methanesulfonate can be used in the research of depression.

Cilobamine is an orally active antidepressant and a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Cilobamine increases the levels of Aniline hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 in rat liver. Cilobamine promotes hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in rat liver hepatocytes, increases relative liver weight and recoverable microsomal protein. Cilobamine produces stimulant and anxiogenic effects, and does not inhibit monoamine oxidase. Cilobamine can be used in the research of depression.

Fluvoxamino acid is the major metabolite of Fluvoxamine (HY-B0103) produced in the human body, and acts as a 5-HT reuptake transporter inhibitor. Fluvoxamino acid exhibits weaker inhibitory activity against 5-HT reuptake than its parent compound Fluvoxamine, and can synergistically regulate 5-HT transmission with the parent compound. Fluvoxamino acid can be used in the research of major depressive disorder.

Pirlindole hydrochloride is an orally active, selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 250 nM. Pirlindole hydrochloride inhibits genomic replication of Enterovirus species B and D, and exhibits moderate activity against enterovirus species A. Pirlindole hydrochloride inhibits MAO-A-mediated monoamine metabolism, promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis, rescues stress-induced dendritic atrophy of hippocampal granule neurons, reverses behavioral effects associated with chronic mild stress, and also possesses anticonvulsant, analgesic, local anesthetic, hypotensive, antiplatelet aggregation and antispasmodic activities. Pirlindole hydrochloride shows no detectable mutagenic, clastogenic or carcinogenic properties. Pirlindole hydrochloride can be used in research related to depression and enterovirus infections.

O-Desethylreboxetine is the major metabolite of Reboxetine (HY-14560), which is catalyzed by the CYP3A4 enzyme. O-Desethylreboxetine can be used in depression-related research.

5-Methoxytryptoline acts as a modulator of the Serotonin transporter complex, as well as a ligand for the 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2C receptors, with K_i values of 130 nM and 140 nM for the 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2C receptors, respectively. 5-Methoxytryptoline inhibits the active uptake of Serotonin (HY-B1473A) and Tryptamine (HY-B2132) in platelets. 5-Methoxytryptoline induces behavioral excitation, cortical electroencephalographic desynchronization, and dose-dependent elevation of plasma prolactin, followed by behavioral sedation and partial recovery of cortical electroencephalographic voltage. 5-Methoxytryptoline antagonizes Reserpine (HY-N0480)-induced sedation, reduced locomotor activity, and hypothermia. 5-Methoxytryptoline exerts dose-dependent effects on behavior and cortical electroencephalographic activity in freely moving rats. 5-Methoxytryptoline can be used in depression-related research.

Fenharmane is a serotonin 2B (5HT2B) receptor antagonist. Fenharmane blocks serotonin-induced contractions mediated by 5HT2B receptors in isolated strips of rat fundus smooth muscle.

Pirlindole lactate is an orally active, selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 250 nM. Pirlindole lactate inhibits genomic replication of Enterovirus species B and D, and exhibits moderate activity against enterovirus species A. Pirlindole lactate inhibits MAO-A-mediated monoamine metabolism, promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis, rescues stress-induced dendritic atrophy of hippocampal granule neurons, reverses behavioral effects associated with chronic mild stress, and also possesses anticonvulsant, analgesic, local anesthetic, hypotensive, antiplatelet aggregation and antispasmodic activities. Pirlindole lactate shows no detectable mutagenic, clastogenic or carcinogenic properties. Pirlindole lactate can be used in research related to depression and enterovirus infections.

Wy 25093 is a selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake transporter inhibitor. Wy 25093 regulates the turnover and metabolism of central 5-HT, enhances postsynaptic 5-HT actions and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced behavioral syndrome. Wy 25093 induces ipsilateral and contralateral circling behavior in rats, reduces the turnover rate of striatal dopamine, decreases the level of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in the brain, and long-term administration reduces brain 5-HT levels. Wy 25093 can be used in research related to depression.

m-Chlorohippuric acid (3-Chlorohippuric acid) is a substituted hippurate and substrate for peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). m-Chlorohippuric acid can be used in research on cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, and pesticides.

DL-Cycloserine is an orally active aminotransferase inhibitor. DL-Cycloserine exhibits completely opposite effects on the activity of monoamine oxidase in different tissues. DL-Cycloserine can be used for the research of pulmonary tuberculosis, psychosomatic diseases, and depressive states.

(E)-[10]-Shogaol is a 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist found in Zingiber officinale, with a K_i of 5.84 μM. (E)-[10]-Shogaol may be used in research on anxiety and depression.