Cytotoxicity Analysis Dyes

CFDA-SE is a fluorescent dye that can penetrate the cell membrane. It can react with the free amine group in the cytoskeleton protein inside the cell, and finally form a protein complex with fluorescence. After entering the cell, CFDA-SE locates in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and the fluorescence staining is strongest in the nucleus. CFDA-SE dye can be uniformly inherited by the cells with cell division and proliferation, and its attenuation is proportional to the number of cell divisions. This phenomenon can be detected and analyzed by flow cytometry under the excitation light of 488 nm, and can be used to detect the proliferation of cells.

2-NBDG is a fluorescently-labeled deoxyglucose analog that is used primarily to directly monitor glucose uptake by living cells and tissues. It is also used as a topical contrast reagent for the detection of neoplasia. 2-NBDG can be used in real-time confocal, high-resolution, or wide-field fluorescence microscopy as well as in flow cytometry. The probe can be excited by the Argon laser at 488 nm to give the environment-sensitive fluorescence. It has lower photostability than the rhodamine-based fluorescent probes.

Thiazolyl Blue (MTT) is a cell-permeable and positively charged tetrazolium dye that is used to detect reductive metabolism in cells. Thiazolyl Blue is taken up by cells through the plasma membrane and then reduced to formazan by intracellular NAD (P) H-oxidoreductases. Thiazolyl Blue is frequently used in colorimetric assays to measure cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.

ATP-Red 1 is a multisite-binding switchable fluorescent probe, and can selectively and rapidly responds to intracellular concentrations of ATP in living cells (Ex/Em = 510/590 nm).

WST-8 is a water-soluble tetrazolium dye, WST-8 enhances sensitivity of the WST-8-based assay over the conventional MTS-based assay.

WST-1 (solution) is a kind of water-soluble tetrazolium salt. WST induces the intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase to conduct NADH-dependent enzyme digestion reaction, releasing the water-soluble methyl benzene product. WST-1 can be used for the detection of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, via the determination of the light absorption value at 450 nm.
Solvent and concentration: ddH2O: 10 mg/mL

Thiazolyl Blue (solution) (MTT (solution)) is a cell-permeable and positively charged tetrazolium dye that is used to detect reductive metabolism in cells. Thiazolyl Blue is taken up by cells through the plasma membrane and then reduced to formazan by intracellular NAD (P) H-oxidoreductases. Thiazolyl Blue is frequently used in colorimetric assays to measure cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.
Solvent and concentration: PBS: 5 mg/mL

WST-1 is a kind of water-soluble tetrazolium salt. WST induces the intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase to conduct NADH-dependent enzyme digestion reaction, releasing the water-soluble methyl benzene product. WST-1 can be used for the detection of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, via the determination of the light absorption value at 450 nm.

Resorufin (NSC 12097) is a highly fluorescent pink dye. Resorufin shows favorable properties such as water solubility, red-shifted absorption/emission signals. Resorufin is used for the detection of ROS/RNS and a second analyte.

Sulfobromophthalein (Bromosulfophthalein) disodium salt is an organic anion dye used in the study of a variety of membrane carriers expressed in animal tissues and involved in transport of agents and metabolites.

Calcium Green 1AM is a cell-permeant fluorescent calcium indicator (Excitation 506 nm; Emission 531 nm). Calcium Green 1AM is converted to the fluorescent calcium indicator by intracellular esterases.

Resorufin sodium salt (NSC 12097) is a highly fluorescent pink dye. Resorufin sodium salt shows favorable properties such as water solubility, red-shifted absorption/emission signals. Resorufin sodium salt is used for the detection of ROS/RNS and a second analyte.

Calcein Blue, a membrane-impermeant fluorescent dye, is a coumarin derivative that contains an iminodiacetic acid structure. Calcein Blue is also a metallofluorochromic indicator.

Calcein Blue AM is a cellular dye agent.

6-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes.

Trypan red is a vital stain.

WST-3 is a water-soluble tetrazolium dye. In the presence of an electron mediator, WST-3 is reduced to WST-3 formazan by NADH and displays an absorption maxima of 433 nM.

NIR-H2O2 is a cell-permeable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent turn-on sensor. NIR-H2O2 has both absorption and emission in the NIR region. NIR-H2O2 responds to H₂O₂ with a large turn-on NIR fluorescence signal upon excitation in the NIR region. NIR-H2O2 is capable of imaging endogenously produced H₂O₂ in living cells and mice.

Resazurin (Diazoresorcinol) is a water-soluble, non-toxic, stable, membrane-permeable blue non-fluorescent dye (faintly fluorescent). Resazurin is used as a redox indicator, can be reduced to pink, highly fluorescent Resorufin (Ex=530-560 nm, Em=590 nm) in living cells. Resazurin can be used for the detection of cell viability, toxicity, proliferation, migration and invasion in cells (human, plant and animal, bacterial and fungal).