Cat. No.: HY-N13726

Dynemicin A

Dynemicin A is a potent antitumor antibiotic. Dynemicin A is a DNA synthesis inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 2.2 ng/mL. Dynemicin A undergoes bioreductive epoxide ring opening and Bergman cyclization to generate a highly reactive benzenoid diradical, which specifically induces double-strand DNA cleavage. Dynemicin A can be used for research on bacterial infections, leukemia, and melanoma.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No.: 124412-57-3
Formula: C₃₀H₁₉NO₉
Molecular Weight:537.47

Storage:

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

Dynemicin A Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 124412-57-3

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Use of MCE Products

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Protocols (3)
Purity & Documentation
References
Calculators
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All Antibiotic Isoforms :

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
B16-F10	IC₅₀	4.1 ng/mL	Cytotoxicity against murine B16-F10 melanoma cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number after staining with 0.008% neutral red solution and incubation for 72 hrs. Cytotoxicity against murine B16-F10 melanoma cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number after staining with 0.008% neutral red solution and incubation for 72 hrs.	antibiotics.42.1449
P388	IC₅₀	0.021 ng/mL	Cytotoxicity against murine P388 leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 72 hrs. Cytotoxicity against murine P388 leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 72 hrs.	antibiotics.42.1449
P388/VCR	IC₅₀	0.019 ng/mL	Cytotoxicity against vincristine-resistant murine P388/VCR leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 72 hrs. Cytotoxicity against vincristine-resistant murine P388/VCR leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 72 hrs.	antibiotics.42.1449
P388/ADM	IC₅₀	0.022 ng/mL	Cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant murine P388/ADM leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 72 hrs. Cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant murine P388/ADM leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 72 hrs.	antibiotics.42.1449
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.28 ng/mL	Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number after staining with 0.008% neutral red solution and incubation for 72 hrs. Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number after staining with 0.008% neutral red solution and incubation for 72 hrs.	antibiotics.42.1449
K562	IC₅₀	0.024 ng/mL	Cytotoxicity against human K562 myelogenous leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 48 hrs. Cytotoxicity against human K562 myelogenous leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 48 hrs.	antibiotics.42.1449
K562/Adr	IC₅₀	0.026 ng/mL	Cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant human K562/ADM myelogenous leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 48 hrs. Cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant human K562/ADM myelogenous leukemia cells assessed as reduction in viable cell number by direct cell counting after incubation for 48 hrs.	antibiotics.42.1449
B16-F10	IC₅₀	2.2 ng/mL	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in murine B16-F10 melanoma cells assessed as incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into acid-insoluble fraction after exposure for 45 mins followed by labeling for 30 mins. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in murine B16-F10 melanoma cells assessed as incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into acid-insoluble fraction after exposure for 45 mins followed by labeling for 30 mins.	antibiotics.42.1449
B16-F10	IC₅₀	8.5 μg/mL	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in murine B16-F10 melanoma cells assessed as incorporation of [2-14C]uridine into acid-insoluble fraction after exposure for 45 mins followed by labeling for 30 mins. Inhibition of RNA synthesis in murine B16-F10 melanoma cells assessed as incorporation of [2-14C]uridine into acid-insoluble fraction after exposure for 45 mins followed by labeling for 30 mins.	antibiotics.42.1449
B16-F10	IC₅₀	14 μg/mL	Inhibition of protein synthesis in murine B16-F10 melanoma cells assessed as incorporation of L-[4,5-3H]leucine into acid-insoluble fraction after exposure for 45 mins followed by labeling for 30 mins. Inhibition of protein synthesis in murine B16-F10 melanoma cells assessed as incorporation of L-[4,5-3H]leucine into acid-insoluble fraction after exposure for 45 mins followed by labeling for 30 mins.	antibiotics.42.1449
B16	IC₅₀	0.004 μg/mL	Cytotoxic activity against B16 melanoma cells. Cytotoxic activity against B16 melanoma cells.	39308597
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.004 μg/mL	Cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 human carcinoma cells. Cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 human carcinoma cells.	39308597
P388	IC₅₀	0.004 μg/mL	Cytotoxic activity against normal P388 leukemia cells. Cytotoxic activity against normal P388 leukemia cells.	39308597
P388/VCR	IC₅₀	0.004 μg/mL	Cytotoxic activity against vincristin-resistant P388 leukemia cells. Cytotoxic activity against vincristin-resistant P388 leukemia cells.	39308597

In Vitro

Dynemicin A (72 h; 48 h) exhibits extremely potent in vitro cytotoxicity against B16-F10, P388, P388/VCR, P388/ADM, HCT-116, Moser, K562 and K562/ADM cell lines, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.0027 to 4.1 ng/mL, and retains activity against drug-resistant sublines^[4].
Dynemicin A (45 min) specifically and potently inhibits DNA synthesis in B16-F10 cells with an IC₅₀ of 2.2 ng/mL, showing approximately 4,000-fold and 6,000-fold selectivity over RNA and protein synthesis inhibition, respectively^[4].
Dynemicin A exhibits marked cytotoxic activity against B16 melanoma, Moser human carcinoma, HCT-116 human carcinoma, and normal and vincristin-resistant P388 leukemia cells with an IC₅₀ of 0.004~0.005 μg/mL^[1].
Dynemicin A exhibits extremely strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P, S. aureus Smith, S. epidermidis D153, Micrococcus luteus PCI 1001, and Bacillus subtilis PCI 219, with MIC values as low as 0.0000063 μg/mL, while being considerably less sensitive against Gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.

In Vivo

Dynemicin A (0.004-1.0 mg/kg/day; i.p.; once daily for 3 consecutive days; 45-day observation period) exhibits life-prolonging antitumor activity in the CDF1 mouse model implanted intraperitoneally with P388 leukemia^[4].
Dynemicin A (0.008-1.0 mg/kg/day; i.p.; once daily for 3 consecutive days; 45-day observation period) exhibits significant antitumor activity in the CDF1 mouse model implanted intraperitoneally with L1210 leukemia^[4].
Dynemicin A (0.031-1.0 mg/kg/day; i.p.; on days 1, 5, and 9, 3 doses total; 45-day observation period) exhibits potent antitumor activity in the BDF1 mouse model with intraperitoneally implanted B16 melanoma^[4].
Dynemicin A (0.13-1.0 mg/kg/day; i.v.; once daily for 3 consecutive days; 45-day observation) exhibits antileukemic activity in CDF1 mouse models intravenously implanted with P388 or L1210 leukemia^[4].
Dynemicin A (0.13 mg/kg; i.p.; single administration) exhibits significant in vivo antibacterial protection in a mouse model infected with Staphylococcus aureus Smith^[1].
Dynemicin A (up to 10 mg/kg; i.p.; single administration; 10 days) exhibits acute toxicity in normal male ddY mouse models^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

CDF₁ (Balb/c × DBA/2) (female, 6-week old)^[4]
Dosage:

1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.13, 0.063, 0.031, 0.016, 0.008, 0.004 mg/kg/day
Administration:

i.p.; once a day; days 1 to 3 (Q1D × 3)
Result:

Achieved MST values of 9.5, 15.5, 15.0, 14.0, 14.0, 14.0, 13.5, 12.0, and 11.0 days at doses of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.13, 0.063, 0.031, 0.016, 0.008, and 0.004 mg/kg/day.
Corresponding to T/C values of 95%, 155%, 150%, 140%, 140%, 140%, 135%, 120%, and 110%, respectively.
The maximum T/C was 155% at 0.5 mg/kg/day.
Average weight change on day 4 ranged from −1.3 g to +1.0 g.

Animal Model:

CDF₁ (Balb/c × DBA/2) (female, 6-week old)^[4]
Dosage:

1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.13, 0.063, 0.031, 0.016, 0.008 mg/kg/day
Administration:

i.p.; once a day; days 1 to 3 (Q1D × 3)
Result:

Achieved MST values of 9.0, 9.5, 10.0, 12.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.5, and 8.5 days at doses of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.13, 0.063, 0.031, 0.016, and 0.008 mg/kg/day.
Corresponding to T/C values of 113%, 119%, 125%, 150%, 125%, 125%, 131%, and 106%, respectively.
The maximum T/C was 150% at 0.13 mg/kg/day.
Average weight change on day 4 ranged from −1.5 g to +1.8 g.

Animal Model:

CDF₁ (Balb/c × DBA/2) (female, 6-week old)^[4]
Dosage:

1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.13, 0.063, 0.031 mg/kg/day
Administration:

i.p.; days 1, 5 and 9 (Q4D × 3)
Result:

Achieved MST values of 12.5, 16.0, 16.0, 18.0, 13.5, and 15.0 days at doses of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.13, 0.063, and 0.031 mg/kg/day.
Corresponding to T/C values of 100%, 128%, 128%, 144%, 108%, and 120%, respectively.
The maximum T/C was 144% at 0.13 mg/kg/day.
Average weight change on day 4 ranged from −1.3 g to +1.0 g.

Animal Model:

CDF₁ (Balb/c × DBA/2) (female, 6-week old)^[4]
Dosage:

1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.13 mg/kg/day
Administration:

i.v.; once a day; days 1 to 3 (Q1D × 3)
Result:

Achieved MST values of 16.0, 14.0, 12.0, and 10.0 days at doses of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.13 mg/kg/day.
Corresponding to T/C values of 178%, 156%, 133%, and 111%, respectively.
The maximum T/C was 178% at 1.0 mg/kg/day.
Average weight change on day 4 ranged from −1.3 g to +0.3 g.
The potency was approximately 8-16 times stronger than that of doxorubicin.

Animal Model:

CDF₁ (Balb/c × DBA/2) (female, 6-week old)^[4]
Dosage:

1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.13 mg/kg/day
Administration:

i.v.; once a day; days 1 to 3 (Q1D × 3)
Result:

Achieved MST values of 7.0, 12.0, 10.0, and 9.5 days at doses of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.13 mg/kg/day.
Corresponding to T/C values of 100%, 171%, 143%, and 136%, respectively.
The maximum T/C was 171% at 0.5 mg/kg/day.
Average weight change on day 4 ranged from −2.0 g to −0.3 g.
The potency was approximately 8-16 times stronger than that of doxorubicin.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 124412-57-3
Molecular Weight 537.47
Formula C₃₀H₁₉NO₉
SMILES

O=C(O)C1=C(OC)[C@H]2C#C/C=C\C#C[C@@H]3NC4=C5C(C6=C(C(O)=CC=C6O)C(C5=C(O)C=C4[C@]27O[C@@]37[C@H]1C)=O)=O
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Other Alkaloids
- Antibiotics
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Micromonospora chersina strain M956-1
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

Protocols

All Cell Biology

EdU Incorporation Assay (Click Chemistry-Based DNA Synthesis Measurement)
The EdU incorporation assay measures DNA synthesis by adding the thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine to cells or tissues, where it is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during S phase. Incorporated EdU is detected by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, in which a fluorescent azide covalently reacts with the ethynyl group on EdU, allowing S-phase cells to be detected by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or high-content imaging. EdU detection does not require DNA denaturation or anti-BrdU antibody access, which preserves sample structure and improves compatibility with immunostaining and multiparameter cytometry compared with BrdU-based detection. EdU can be cytotoxic in a cell-type- and exposure-dependent manner, so pulse duration, concentration, and continuous-labeling designs should be validated for each cell type.
Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
BrdU Incorporation Assay
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay is based on the principle that BrdU, a thymidine analog, is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle, thereby serving as a marker of DNA replication and cellular proliferation. Incorporated BrdU can be detected using anti-BrdU antibodies following DNA denaturation, enabling visualization or quantification of proliferating cells through immunochemical detection methods such as immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry.

Purity & Documentation

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. KONISHI M, et al. Dynemicin A, a Novel Antibiotic with the Anthraquinone and 1,5-Diyn-3-Ene Subunit. The Journal of Antibiotics, 1989, 42(9): 1449-1452.

[2]. Pal P, et al. Dynemicin A Derivatives as Potential Cancer Chemotherapeutics by Mutasynthesis. Helvetica chimica acta. 2023 Dec;106(12):e202300123.

[3]. Cardozo MG, et al. A model for the dynemicin-A cleavage of DNA using molecular dynamics simulation. Biopolymers. 1993 Mar;33(3):377-88.

[4]. KAMEI H, et al. Dynemicins, New Antibiotics with the 1,5-Diyn-3-Ene and Anthraquinone Subunit. II. Antitumor Activity of Dynemicin A and Its Triacetyl Derivative. The Journal of Antibiotics, 1991, 44(12): 1306-1311.

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Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

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Dynemicin A

All Antibiotic Isoforms

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms