α-Amanitin
Based on 50 publication(s) in Google Scholar
α-Amanitin is the principal toxin of several deadly poisonous mushrooms, exerting its toxic function by inhibiting RNA-polymerase II.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 95.90%
- CAS No.: 23109-05-9
- Formula: C39H54N10O14S
- Molecular Weight:918.97
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Storage:
-20°C, protect from light
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) α-Amanitin
More- J Hematol Oncol. 2021 Mar 19;14(1):46. [Abstract]
- Mol Cancer. 2023 Apr 27;22(1):77. [Abstract]
- Mol Cancer. 2019 Nov 21;18(1):167. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Feb 16;14(1):863. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2018 Apr 30;9(1):1726. [Abstract]
- Nat Chem Biol. 2021 Aug;17(8):896-905. [Abstract]
- Nucleic Acids Res. 2025 Jun 6;53(11):gkaf460. [Abstract]
- Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Jan 10;48(1):231-248. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther. 2023 Jun 7;31(6):1615-1635. [Abstract]
- Acta Neuropathol. 2024 Oct 24;148(1):57. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 May 23;120(21):e2303698120. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2026 Mar 12:S1534-5807(26)00079-1. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2025 Apr 18:S1534-5807(25)00206-0. [Abstract]
- Neoplasia. 2018 Mar 22;20(5):456-466. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2025 Dec 16. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Apr 27;44(5):115635. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Feb 13;44(2):115324. [Abstract]
- Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jun;96(6):1751-1766. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2022 Jun;12(6):e944. [Abstract]
- J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2026 Apr 23;17(1):76. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Sep 15:263:115288. [Abstract]
- Microchem J. 2025 Dec 2;220:116400.
- Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Mar;59(3):1351-1365. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2024 May 16;27(6):110011. [Abstract]
- Biomed Environ Sci. 2023 Mar 20;36(3):289-294. [Abstract]
- Virol Sin. 2022 Jun;37(3):358-369. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2020 Oct;235(10):7530-7540. [Abstract]
- Chem Res Toxicol. 2022 Feb 17. [Abstract]
- Metabolites. 2023 Nov 20;13(11):1164. [Abstract]
- J Proteome Res. 2025 Aug 1;24(8):4098-4113. [Abstract]
- Development. 2023 Nov 1;150(21):dev201890. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2024 May:187:114622. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Dec:182:114196. [Abstract]
- Immunol Res. 2025 Mar 19;73(1):64. [Abstract]
- Biol Reprod. 2021 May 7;104(5):1008-1021. [Abstract]
- Biol Reprod. 2018 Oct 1;99(4):707-717. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Lett. 2023 Jul 1:383:89-97. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Lett. 2021 Jan 1;336:68-79. [Abstract]
- Peptides. 2020 Jul;129:170314. [Abstract]
- J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2026 Feb;40(2):e70701. [Abstract]
- PLoS One. 2020 Oct 20;15(10):e0240844. [Abstract]
- Toxicon. 2023 Apr:226:107067. [Abstract]
- Reprod Domest Anim. 2023 Oct;58(10):1456-1467. [Abstract]
- Am J Transl Res. 2024 Jan 15;16(1):295-303. eCollection 2024. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Apr 21.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jan 7.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Sep 23:2025.09.22.677923. [Abstract]
- University of Califomia San Francisco. 2025.
- Research Square Preprint. 2024 Apr 23.
- bioRxiv. July 26, 2018.
All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Traditional Cytotoxic Agents |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| CHO | IC50 |
1 μM
Compound: Alpha-amanitin
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Cytotoxicity against chinese hamster CHO cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against chinese hamster CHO cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 35696491] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1 μM
Compound: Alpha-amanitin
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Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 35696491] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
1 μM
Compound: Alpha-amanitin
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Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 35696491] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
0.56 μM
Compound: Alpha-amanitin
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Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 35696491] |
α-Amanitin decreases TAF15 mRNA and TAF15 protein levels in MKN45 cells, and inhibits the RNAPII activity towards TAF15 mRNA[2]. alpha-Amanitin decreases cell viability by 14%, 21%, 41%, 44%, and 50% at concentrations of 100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. The LD50 of the alpha-Amanitin at 36 h is measured as 1 μg/mL. The total amount of protein within the cell at 24 h is significantly increased for the 1 μg/mL dose of alpha-Amanitin compared to the control[3]. α-Amanitin dramatically decreases the expression of gap junctional genes (Gja1, Gja4 and Gjc1) and FSHr and LHr in cumulus cells[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 23109-05-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 918.97
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Formula C39H54N10O14S
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Color Off-white to light brown
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SMILES
O=[S@](C[C@@](NC(CNC([C@@]([C@@H](C)CC)([H])N1)=O)=O)([H])C(N[C@@](C(N(C[C@H](O)C2)[C@]2([H])C3=O)=O)([H])CC(N)=O)=O)C4=C(C[C@](C(NCC1=O)=O)([H])NC([C@](N3)([H])[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)CO)=O)C5=CC=C(O)C=C5N4
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Synonyms
α-Amatoxin
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, protect from light
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications (50)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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J Hematol Oncol
Low expression of TRAF3IP2-AS1 promotes progression of NONO-TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma by stimulating N6-methyladenosine of PARP1 mRNA and downregulating PTEN. [Abstract]2021 Mar 19;14(1):46. PMID: 33741027 -
Mol Cancer
2023 Apr 27;22(1):77. PMID: 37106446 -
Mol Cancer
LncRNA-HGBC stabilized by HuR promotes gallbladder cancer progression by regulating miR-502-3p/SET/AKT axis. [Abstract]2019 Nov 21;18(1):167. PMID: 31752906 -
Nat Commun
2023 Feb 16;14(1):863. PMID: 36792629 -
Nat Commun
Activity dependent LoNA regulates translation by coordinating rRNA transcription and methylation. [Abstract]2018 Apr 30;9(1):1726. PMID: 29712923 -
Nat Chem Biol
2021 Aug;17(8):896-905. PMID: 34239127 -
Nucleic Acids Res
2025 Jun 6;53(11):gkaf460. PMID: 40488283 -
Nucleic Acids Res
Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair is coordinated by ubiquitin and SUMO in response to ultraviolet irradiation. [Abstract]2020 Jan 10;48(1):231-248. PMID: 31722399 -
Mol Ther
A positive feedback circuit between RN7SK snRNA and m6A readers is essential for tumorigenesis. [Abstract]2023 Jun 7;31(6):1615-1635. PMID: 36566349 -
Acta Neuropathol
Autoantibodies to BACE1 promote Aβ accumulation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. [Abstract]2024 Oct 24;148(1):57. PMID: 39448400 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2023 May 23;120(21):e2303698120. PMID: 37186864 -
Dev Cell
2026 Mar 12:S1534-5807(26)00079-1. PMID: 41825439 -
Dev Cell
2025 Apr 18:S1534-5807(25)00206-0. PMID: 40280135 -
Neoplasia
2018 Mar 22;20(5):456-466. PMID: 29574252 -
Oncogene
2025 Dec 16. PMID: 41402633 -
Cell Rep
Extracellular vesicle-mediated plant miRNA trafficking regulates viral infection in insect vector. [Abstract]2025 Apr 27;44(5):115635. PMID: 40293919 -
Cell Rep
RNA m5C methylation mediated by Ybx1 ensures hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion. [Abstract]2025 Feb 13;44(2):115324. PMID: 39954256 -
Arch Toxicol
Liver transcriptome analyses of acute poisoning and recovery of male ICR mice exposed to the mushroom toxin α-amanitin. [Abstract]2022 Jun;96(6):1751-1766. PMID: 35384471 -
Clin Transl Med
Lipid metabolism-related lncRNA SLC25A21-AS1 promotes the progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the NPM1/c-Myc axis and SLC25A21 expression. [Abstract]2022 Jun;12(6):e944. PMID: 35735113 -
J Anim Sci Biotechnol
Histone lactylation maintains bovine early embryo development via regulating embryonic genome activation. [Abstract]2026 Apr 23;17(1):76. PMID: 42021385 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Microcystin-LR induces lactate production disruption via altering the m6A modification in Sertoli cells. [Abstract]2023 Sep 15:263:115288. PMID: 37481861 -
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Mol Neurobiol
Long Non-coding Antisense RNA DDIT4-AS1 Regulates Meningitic Escherichia coli-Induced Neuroinflammation by Promoting DDIT4 mRNA Stability. [Abstract]2022 Mar;59(3):1351-1365. PMID: 34985734 -
iScience
Transcriptional synergy in human aortic endothelial cells is vulnerable to combination p300/CBP and BET bromodomain inhibition. [Abstract]2024 May 16;27(6):110011. PMID: 38868181 -
Biomed Environ Sci
Metabolomic Profiling of Mice Exposed to α-amanitin Using Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry. [Abstract]2023 Mar 20;36(3):289-294. PMID: 37005083 -
Virol Sin
Human cytomegalovirus RNA2.7 inhibits RNA polymerase II (Pol II) Serine-2 phosphorylation by reducing the interaction between Pol II and phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (pCDK9). [Abstract]2022 Jun;37(3):358-369. PMID: 35537980 -
J Cell Physiol
Meiotic block with roscovitine improves competence of porcine oocytes by fine-tuning activities of different cyclin-dependent kinases. [Abstract]2020 Oct;235(10):7530-7540. PMID: 32100885 -
Chem Res Toxicol
2022 Feb 17. PMID: 35175747 -
Metabolites
Metabolomic Insights into the Mechanisms of Ganoderic Acid: Protection against α-Amanitin-Induced Liver Injury. [Abstract]2023 Nov 20;13(11):1164. PMID: 37999259 -
J Proteome Res
Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Regulation of Tardigrade Osmobiosis Revealed by Proteomics of Hypsibius exemplaris. [Abstract]2025 Aug 1;24(8):4098-4113. PMID: 40623961 -
Development
The RNA-binding protein CSDE1 promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell generation via translational control of Wnt signaling. [Abstract]2023 Nov 1;150(21):dev201890. PMID: 37874038 -
Food Chem Toxicol
Kidney toxicity and transcriptome analyses of male ICR mice acutely exposed to the mushroom toxin α-amanitin. [Abstract]2024 May:187:114622. PMID: 38531469 -
Food Chem Toxicol
Cannabidiol protects the liver from α-Amanitin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress through the regulation of Nrf2. [Abstract]2023 Dec:182:114196. PMID: 37992955 -
Immunol Res
α-Amanitin aggravates hepatic injury by activating oxidative stress and mitophagy via peroxiredoxin 6 inhibition. [Abstract]2025 Mar 19;73(1):64. PMID: 40108092 -
Biol Reprod
METTL3-mediated m6A methylation negatively modulates autophagy to support porcine blastocyst development‡. [Abstract]2021 May 7;104(5):1008-1021. PMID: 33590832 -
Biol Reprod
2018 Oct 1;99(4):707-717. PMID: 29771291 -
Toxicol Lett
2023 Jul 1:383:89-97. PMID: 37329965 -
Toxicol Lett
Energy disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to α-amatoxin-induced liver function damage and liver failure. [Abstract]2021 Jan 1;336:68-79. PMID: 33098907 -
Peptides
The cyclopeptide -amatoxin induced hepatic injury via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway associated with oxidative stress. [Abstract]2020 Jul;129:170314. PMID: 32387737 -
J Biochem Mol Toxicol
Protective Effect and Mechanism of Rosiglitazone in α-amanitin-induced Hepatotoxicity Via Activation of PPAR-γ/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2026 Feb;40(2):e70701. PMID: 41560421 -
PLoS One
Cruciform DNA in mouse growing oocytes: Its dynamics and its relationship with DNA transcription. [Abstract]2020 Oct 20;15(10):e0240844. PMID: 33079963 -
Toxicon
Determination of protein-bound α-amanitin in mouse plasma: A potential new indicator of poisoning with the mushroom toxin α-amanitin. [Abstract]2023 Apr:226:107067. PMID: 36871921 -
Reprod Domest Anim
2023 Oct;58(10):1456-1467. PMID: 37667420 -
Am J Transl Res
Ganoderic acid A attenuated hepatic impairment by down-regulating the intracellular JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in induced mushroom poisoning. [Abstract]2024 Jan 15;16(1):295-303. eCollection 2024. PMID: 38322557 -
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bioRxiv
2025 Sep 23:2025.09.22.677923. PMID: 41040222 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (108.82 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (108.82 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.72 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.72 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 25 mg/mL (27.20 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Protocol
The MTT assay is used to evaluate the overall functional integrity and viability of the cultured cells. The MCF-7 cells are put into 96-well plates (2×104 for each well), which are incubated for 24 h. The specific concentrations of alpha-Amanitin and β-Amanitin are added to the cell culture medium, and plates are incubated for an additional 36 h. MTT solution (1:10 ratio) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (100 µL) are then added to the cell culture medium and plates are incubated overnight. The absorbance is measured at 570 nm on a plate reader. This experiment is repeated 3 times. The absorbance data are calculated as percentages according to the control group.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
For tumorigenicity tests, six colonies (untreated) and DTCs derived from MKN45 cells are individually injected subcutaneously into the left and right side of the backs of six 6-week-old female nude mice (BALB/cAjcl-nu/nu). These mice are monitored for 49 days after the inoculation or until tumors reach 10 mm in the largest diameter, and are then euthanized. For the PC model, 1.0×106 MKN45 cells are injected intraperitoneally into six 6-week-old female nude mice (BALB/cAjcl-nu/nu). Mice are then treated with CIS (4.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration) or a combination of CIS and alpha-Amanitin (0.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration). For the combination treatment, alpha-Amanitin is given 24 hours before CIS. Body weight is monitored for 28 days after the treatment.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (287 KB)
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SDS (584 KB)
- English - EN (584 KB)
- Français - FR (584 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (584 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (584 KB)
- Español - ES (584 KB)
- Swedish - SV (584 KB)
- Italian - IT (584 KB)
- Korean - KR (584 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (584 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Zhao J, et al. Pathological effects of the mushroom toxin alpha-amanitin on BALB/c mice. Peptides. 2006 Dec;27(12):3047-3052. [Content Brief]
[2]. Kume K, et al. α-Amanitin Restrains Cancer Relapse from Drug-Tolerant Cell Subpopulations via TAF15. Sci Rep. 2016 May 16;6:25895 [Content Brief]
[3]. Kaya E, et al. Evaluation and comparison of alpha- and beta-amanitin toxicity on MCF-7 cell line. Turk J Med Sci. 2014;44(5):728-32 [Content Brief]
[4]. Park MW, et al. RNA Polymerase II Inhibitor, α-Amanitin, Affects Gene Expression for Gap Junctions and Metabolic Capabilities of Cumulus Cells, but Not Oocyte, during in vitro Mouse Oocyte Maturation. Dev Reprod. 2013 Mar;17(1):63-72 [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.0882 mL | 5.4409 mL | 10.8817 mL | 27.2044 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2176 mL | 1.0882 mL | 2.1763 mL | 5.4409 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1088 mL | 0.5441 mL | 1.0882 mL | 2.7204 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0725 mL | 0.3627 mL | 0.7254 mL | 1.8136 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0544 mL | 0.2720 mL | 0.5441 mL | 1.3602 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0435 mL | 0.2176 mL | 0.4353 mL | 1.0882 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0363 mL | 0.1814 mL | 0.3627 mL | 0.9068 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0272 mL | 0.1360 mL | 0.2720 mL | 0.6801 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0218 mL | 0.1088 mL | 0.2176 mL | 0.5441 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0181 mL | 0.0907 mL | 0.1814 mL | 0.4534 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0136 mL | 0.0680 mL | 0.1360 mL | 0.3401 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0109 mL | 0.0544 mL | 0.1088 mL | 0.2720 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
α-Amanitin Related Classifications
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