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toxin

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Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-42682

D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride 3 Publications Verification D-Galactosamine HCl	Drug Derivative	Inflammation/Immunology
D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. Lipopolysaccharide/D(+)-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury is a known animal model of fulminant hepatic failure .

HY-103447

Zearalenone 5+ Cited Publications Mycotoxin F2; toxin F2	Estrogen Receptor/ERR	Others
Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts .

HY-111431A

p-Cresyl sulfate potassium 5+ Cited Publications p-Tolyl sulfate potassium	Endogenous Metabolite JNK p38 MAPK	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
p-Cresyl sulfate potassium is a uremic toxin that binds to a prototype protein. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium has pro-inflammatory activity .

HY-112779

Pertussis Toxin	Endogenous Metabolite	Infection
Pertussis Toxin is a protein-based AB₅-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. Pertussis Toxin inhibits G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) signaling through Gi proteins .

HY-125586

β-Amanitin	DNA/RNA Synthesis ADC Payload	Cancer
β-Amanitin is a cyclic peptide toxin in the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. β-Amanitin inhibits inhibits eukaryotic RNA polymerase II and III. β-Amanitin inhibits protein synthesis. β-Amanitin can be used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .

HY-P3394

*Cholera toxin* B subunit, from vibrio cholerae** CTB, from vibrio cholerae	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Cholera toxin B subunit, from vibrio cholerae (CTB, from vibrio cholerae) is non-toxic to cells and possesses no intrinsic adenylate cyclase activity. Cholera toxin B subunit, from vibrio cholerae attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1.8 CTB has been shown to be a good label for microglial cells (due to the enrichment of ganglioside GM1 on their cell surface), but not for oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. Cholera toxin B subunit, from vibrio cholerae has been reported to be an excellent tracer for the study of axonal transport using immunohistochemical methods. Cholera toxin B subunit, from vibrio cholerae has been widely used as a marker of membrane lipid rafts .

HY-119412

Biliatresone	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Biliatresone is a natural toxin isolated from Dysphania glomulifera and D. littoralis. Biliatresone, a 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone class of isoflavonoid, produces extrahepatic biliary atresia in a zebrafish model .

HY-W040307

Saccharopine 1 Publications Verification L-Saccharopine	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Saccharopine (L-Saccharopine), a lysine degradation intermediate, is a mitochondrial toxin. Lysine and α-ketoglutarate are converted into Saccharopine by the lysine-ketoglutarate reductase. Saccharopine is then oxidized to α-aminoapidate semialdehyde and glutamate by the saccharopine dehydrogenase. Saccharopine impairs development by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis .

HY-P9929

Bezlotoxumab 1 Publications Verification BLA761046; MBL-CDB1; MDX-1388	Bacterial	Infection
Bezlotoxumab (BLA761046; MBL-CDB1; MDX-1388) is a fully humanized IgG1/kappa monoclonal antibody directed against Clostridium difficile toxin B. Bezlotoxumab mediates the early reconstitution of gut microbiota to reduce the risk of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Bezlotoxumab can be used for the study of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection prevention .

HY-Z0056S

Bromobenzene-d5 pentadeuterobromobenzene	Cytochrome P450	Endocrinology
Bromobenzene-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Bromobenzene. Bromobenzene is a well-known environmental toxin which causes liver and kidney damage through CYP450-mediated bio-activation to generate reactive metabolites and, consequently, oxidative stress .

HY-P1411

Psalmotoxin 1 5+ Cited Publications PcTx1; Psalmopoeus cambridgei toxin-1	Sodium Channel Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Cancer
Psalmotoxin 1 (PcTx1) is a protein toxin that can bind at subunit-subunit interfaces of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a). Psalmotoxin 1 is a potent and slective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC₅₀: 0.9 nM) by increasing the apparent affinity for H ⁺ of ASIC1a. Psalmotoxin 1 can induce cell apoptosis, also inhibits cell migration, proferliration and invasion of cancer cells. Psalmotoxin 1 can be used in the research of cancers, or neurological disease .

HY-124801

ABMA 1 Publications Verification	Flavivirus Dengue Virus Bacterial Parasite	Infection
ABMA is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of intracellular toxins and pathogens. ABMA efficiently protects cells against various toxins and pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasite. ABMA selectively acts at host cell late endosomes rather than targeting toxin or pathogen itself. ABMA has broad-spectrum anti-infection activity .

HY-P1280

Margatoxin 1 Publications Verification	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease
Margatoxin, an alpha-KTx scorpion toxin, is a high affinity inhibitor of Kv1.3 (K_d=11.7 pM). Margatoxin inhibits the Kv1.2 (K_d=6.4 pM) and Kv1.1 (K_d=4.2 nM). Margatoxin, a 39 amino-acid-long peptide, is isolated from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides margaritatus and widely used in ion channel research .

HY-16386

PENAO	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
PENAO is a potent tumour cell mitochondrial toxin. PENAO inactivates tumor cell mitochondria by targeting inner-membrane adenine nucleotide transferase .

HY-W040307B

Saccharopine hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification L-Saccharopine hydrochloride	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Saccharopine (L-Saccharopine) hydrochloride, a lysine degradation intermediate, is a mitochondrial toxin. Lysine and α-ketoglutarate are converted into Saccharopine hydrochloride by the lysine-ketoglutarate reductase. Saccharopine hydrochloride is then oxidized to α-aminoapidate semialdehyde and glutamate by the saccharopine dehydrogenase. Saccharopine hydrochloride impairs development by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis .

HY-126856

HC-Toxin	HDAC Apoptosis	Cancer
HC-Toxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide, is a potent HDAC inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 30 nM . HC-Toxin induces tumor cell apoptosis and has anticancer effects .

HY-P5425A

*Tetanus Toxin* (830–844) TFA**	Transmembrane Glycoprotein	Cancer
Tetanus Toxin (830–844) TFA is a biological active peptide. (tetanus toxin-derived peptide TT830–844 CD4 ⁺ T-cell epitope. This promiscuous CD4 ⁺ T-cell epitope can bind to a wide range of HLA–DRB molecules and is thus expected to activate CD4 ⁺ T-cell responses in a large part of the human population) .

HY-P1754A

*Tetanus toxin* (830-843) TFA**	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Tetanus toxin (830-843) TFA is a powerful neurotoxin that reaches by retroaxonal transport and transcytosis the cytoplasm ofspinal inhibitory intemeurons and blocks their ability to release neurotransmitters .

HY-W001117

3,5-Dimethoxyphenol Phloroglucinol Dimethyl Ether	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
3,5-Dimethoxyphenol is a toxin metabolite, found in human consuming yew leaves .

HY-16386A

PENAO TFA	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
PENAO TFA is the trifluoroacetic acid of PENAO (HY-16386). PENAO is a potent tumour cell mitochondrial toxin. PENAO inactivates tumor cell mitochondria by targeting inner-membrane adenine nucleotide transferase .

HY-W416250

p-Cresol glucuronide	Drug Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease
p-Cresol glucuronide, a metabolite of p-cresol, is a prototype protein-bound uremic toxin. p-Cresol glucuronide is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) .

HY-P1105

GaTx2	Chloride Channel	Neurological Disease
GaTx2 is a seletive and a high affinity inhibitor of ClC-2 channels with a voltage-dependent apparent K_D of ∼20 pM. GaTx2 is a peptide toxin inhibitor from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus venom. GaTx2 is useful in determining the role and the membrane localization of ClC-2 in specific cell types .

HY-P1079

ω-Agatoxin TK	Calcium Channel	Neurological Disease
ω-Agatoxin TK, a peptidyl toxin of the venom of Agelenopsis aperta, is a potent and selective P/Q type Ca ²⁺ channel blocker. ω-Agatoxin TK inhibits the high K ⁺ depolarisation-induced rise in internal Ca ²⁺ in cerebral isolated nerve endings with an IC₅₀ of of 60 nM. ω-Agatoxin TK has no effect on L-type, N-type, or T-type calcium channels .

HY-P3071

ShK toxin Stichodactyla helianthus neurotoxin	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
ShK toxin blocks voltage-dependent potassium channel (K_v1.3 channel). ShK toxin can be isolated from the whole body extract of the Caribbean sea anemone (Stichodactylu helianthus). ShK toxin competes with dendrotoxin I and α-dendrotoxin for binding to synaptosomal membranes of rat brain, facilitates acetylcholine release. ShK toxin suppresses K+ currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. ShK toxin also inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation .

HY-P5152

*Scorpion toxin* Tf2**	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Scorpion toxin Tf2 is a β-scorpion toxin, which is firstly identified in the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus fasciolatus. Scorpion toxin Tf2 is a Nav1.3 activator, which is a neuronal voltage-gated sodium (Nav) subtype implicated in epilepsy and nociception. Scorpion toxin Tf2 enhances hNav1.3 activation voltage and opens the channel at resting membrane potentials .

HY-P5807A

*Cn2 toxin* TFA** β-Mammal toxin Cn2 TFA	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Cn2 toxin TFA (β-Mammal toxin Cn2 TFA) is a single-chain β-scorpion neurotoxic peptide that is the main toxin in scorpion venom. Cn2 toxin (TFA) specifically targets mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) Nav1.6 .

HY-P4984

*Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) (58-78)*	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) (58-78) is a T cell proliferation activator. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) (58-78) promotes the in vitro proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a dose-dependent manner. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) (58-78) can be used in research on inflammatory and immunity, as well as cancer .

HY-P1411A

Psalmotoxin 1 TFA 5+ Cited Publications PcTx1 TFA; Psalmopoeus cambridgei toxin-1 TFA	Sodium Channel Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Cancer
Psalmotoxin 1 (PcTx1) TFA is a protein toxin that can bind at subunit-subunit interfaces of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a). Psalmotoxin 1 TFA is a potent and slective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC₅₀: 0.9 nM) by increasing the apparent affinity for H ⁺ of ASIC1a. Psalmotoxin 1 TFA can induce cell apoptosis, also inhibits cell migration, proferliration and invasion of cancer cells. Psalmotoxin 1 TFA can be used in the research of cancers, or neurological disease .

HY-P5786

Heteropodatoxin-1 HpTx1	Potassium Channel Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Heteropodatoxin-1 (HpTx1), a spider peptide toxin, is a Kv4.2 current inhibitor. Heteropodatoxin-1 also inhibits Nav1.7 and activates Nav1.9 but does not affect Nav1.8 .

HY-160791B

Claramine hydrochloride	Phosphatase	Infection Cancer
Claramine hydrochloride is a steroid polyamine with blood-brain barrier permeability. Claramine hydrochloride can regulate the properties of lipid membranes and protect cells from various biological toxins, including misfolded protein oligomers and biological protein-based toxins .

HY-P3269

Calciseptine	Calcium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease
Calciseptine is a natural polypeptide toxin found in the venom of the black mamba snake (Dendroaspis p. polylepis). Calciseptine is a highly effective and selective blocker of the L-type channel of the Cav1.2 subtype, with an IC₅₀ value of 92 nM. Calciseptine has no effect on Cav3.1, Cav2.2, Cav2.1, Cav1.1, voltage-sensitive sodium channels and potassium channels. Calciseptine exhibits negative inotropic and negative relaxant effects on mice, and does not affect heart rate or the action potential of sinoatrial node pacemaker cells. Calciseptine can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases_[1].

HY-103447S1

Zearalenone-13C18 Mycotoxin F2-¹³C₁₈; toxin F2-¹³C₁₈	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Others
Zearalenone- ¹³C₁₈ (Mycotoxin F2- ¹³C₁₈; Toxin F2- ¹³C₁₈) is the ¹³C labeled Zearalenone (HY-103447) . Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts .

HY-P5807

Cn2 toxin β-Mammal toxin Cn2	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Cn2 toxin is aβ- toxoins. Cn2 toxin can bind to the voltage sensing domain of voltage gated sodium channels (Na_v) .

HY-P5925A

*Ssm spooky toxin* TFA** SsTx toxin TFA	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Ssm Spooky Toxin TFA is found in Scolopendra mutilans that potently inhibits KCNQ (voltage-gated potassium channel family 7) channels, with IC₅₀s of 2.8 μM, 5.26 μM and 0.1-0.3 M for Kv7.4, Kv1.3, and Shal channel, respectivily. Ssm Spooky Toxin TFA inhibits cytokine generation by specifically acting on the KV1.3 channel in T cells. Ssm Spooky Toxin TFA plays an essential role in the centipede’s circulatory system .

HY-P5818

BDS-II	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
BDS-II is a peptide toxin, and is composed of 43 amino acids. BDS-II is a selective Kv3.4 channel inhibitor .

HY-P1441

Mambalgin 1	Sodium Channel	Others
Mambalgin-1 is a toxin isolated from black mamba venom. Mambalgin-1 is a disulfide-rich polypeptide consisting of 57 amino acids and belongs to the family of three-finger toxins. Mambalgin-1 can bind to and stabilize ASICs (acid-sensing ion channels) in a physiologically relevant closed-channel conformation .

HY-P5917A

*Vm24-toxin* TFA** Vaejovis mexicanus peptide 24 TFA	Potassium Channel	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Vm24-toxin (Vaejovis mexicanus peptide 24) TFA, a 36-residue peptide, is a potent and selective Kv1.3 blocker with a K_d of ~3 pM in lymphocytes. Vm24-toxin TFA shows >1500-fold affinity for Kv1.3 over other assayed potassium channels. Vm24-toxin TFA folds into a distorted cystine-stabilized α/β motif consisting of a single-turn α-helix and a three-stranded antiparallel β-sheet, stabilized by four disulfide bridges. Vm24-toxin TFA attenuates the CD4 ⁺ effector memory T cell response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation .

HY-126484

Eremofortin B	Fungal	Others
Eremofortin B is a sesquiterpenoid compound synthesized by penicillium roqueforti PR Toxin (PRT) .

HY-122306

Ansatrienin B Mycotrienin II	Antibiotic Bacterial	Infection Cancer
Ansatrienin B (Mycotrienin II) is an ansamycin antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces. Ansatrienin B is active against fungi and yeasts, but inactive against bacteria.Ansatrienin B displays antitumor antibiotic activity and can be used as an ADC Toxin .

HY-P11114

Periplanetasin-4	Bacterial p38 MAPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Caspase	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Periplanetasin-4 is an antimicrobial peptide that can be derived from the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Periplanetasin-4 reduces cell rounding and apoptosis. Periplanetasin-4 blocks Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced ROS production and the activation of downstream p38 MAPK and p21. Periplanetasin-4 significantly increases mitochondrial calcium level, reduces DPH fluorescence intensity and vacuolar dysfunction in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 cells. Periplanetasin-4 significantly ameliorates toxin A-induced mucosal damage in the mouse gut. Periplanetasin-4 can be used for the study of colitis .

HY-P5175

*Muscarinic toxin* 7**	mAChR	Neurological Disease
Muscarinic toxin 7 is a peptide toxin with selective and noncompetitive antagonism at the muscarinic M1 receptor .

HY-P5925

Ssm spooky toxin SsTx toxin	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Ssm Spooky Toxin is found in Scolopendra mutilans that potently inhibits KCNQ (voltage-gated potassium channel family 7) channels, with IC₅₀s of 2.8 μM, 5.26 μM and 0.1-0.3 M for Kv7.4, Kv1.3, and Shal channel, respectivily. Ssm Spooky Toxin inhibits cytokine generation by specifically acting on the KV1.3 channel in T cells. Ssm Spooky Toxin plays an essential role in the centipede’s circulatory system .

HY-P3071A

*ShK toxin* TFA** Stichodactyla helianthus neurotoxin TFA	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
ShK toxin TFA (Stichodactyla helianthus neurotoxin TFA) is a neurotoxin. ShK toxin TFA blocks voltage-dependent potassium channel (K_v1.3 channel). ShK toxin TFA can be isolated from the whole body extract of the Caribbean sea anemone (Stichodactylu helianthus). ShK toxin TFA competes with dendrotoxin I and α-dendrotoxin for binding to synaptosomal membranes of rat brain, facilitates acetylcholine release. ShK toxin TFA suppresses K ⁺ currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. ShK toxin TFA also inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation .

HY-P10612A

*Tetanus toxin* (1301-1315) (C. tetani)**	Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Tetanus toxin (1301-1315) (C. tetani) is a C-terminal peptide fragment of tetanus toxin heavy chain from C. tetani. Tetanus toxin (1301-1315) (C. tetani) can be used for the researches of infection and immunology .

HY-177979

DNA-GAG	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog	Infection
DNA-GAG is a slow substrate for Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA). RTA depurinates a single adenylate on a GAGA stem-loop region of eukaryotic 28S RNA, making it a potent toxin .

HY-P5816

BmK-M1	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
BmK-M1 is a scorpion toxin, and is composed of 64 amino acids cross-linked by four disulfide bridges. BmK-M1 inhibits Na ⁺ channel and can be considered both as a cardiotoxin and a neurotoxin .

HY-177980

DNA-GAGA	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog	Infection
DNA-GAGA is a slow substrate for Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA). RTA depurinates a single adenylate on a GAGA stem-loop region of eukaryotic 28S RNA, making it a potent toxin .

HY-P5159

Crotamine	Sodium Channel	Inflammation/Immunology
Crotamine is a Na ⁺ channel modulator. Crotamine is a 42 amino acid toxin cross-linked by three disulfide bridges. Crotamine has analgesic activity. Crotamine also interacts with lipid membranes and shows myonecrotic activity. Crotamine can be isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom .

HY-P5811

Ceratotoxin-1 CcoTx1; β-TRTX-cm1a	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Ceratotoxin-1 (CcoTx1), a peptide toxin, is an voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes inhibitor. Ceratotoxin-1 inhibits Nav1.1/β1, Nav1.2/β1, Nav1.4/β1, and Nav1.5/β1 with IC₅₀ of 523 nM, 3 nM, 888 nM, and 323 nM, respectively. Ceratotoxin-1 also inhibits Nav1.8/β1 .

HY-133570

17-AEP-GA	HSP ADC Payload	Cancer
17-AEP-GA, an HSP90 antagonist, is a potent inhibitor of glioblastoma cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. ADCs Toxin .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N6785

Okadaic acid Maximum Cited Publications 23 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Marine natural products Other marine organisms Source Classification	Phosphatase Apoptosis
Okadaic acid, a marine toxin, is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP). Okadaic acid has a significantly higher affinity for PP2A (IC₅₀=0.1-0.3 nM), and inhibits PP1 (IC₅₀=15-50 nM), PP3 (IC₅₀=3.7-4 nM), PP4 (IC₅₀=0.1 nM), PP5 (IC₅₀=3.5 nM), but does not inhibit PP2C. Okadaic acid increases of phosphorylation of a number of proteins by inhibiting PP, and acts a tumor promoter. Okadaic acid induces tau phosphorylation .

HY-42682

D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride 3 Publications Verification D-Galactosamine HCl	Structural Classification Microorganisms Vitis vinifera cv. Zalema Plants Vitaceae Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Saccharides Monosaccharides Source Classification	Drug Derivative
D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. Lipopolysaccharide/D(+)-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury is a known animal model of fulminant hepatic failure .

HY-103447

Zearalenone 5+ Cited Publications Mycotoxin F2; toxin F2	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Estrogen Receptor/ERR
Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts .

HY-111431

p-Cresyl sulfate 5+ Cited Publications p-Tolyl sulfate	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	JNK p38 MAPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
p-Cresyl sulfate (p-Tolyl sulfate) is a uremic toxin, that can cause renal damage and dysfunction. p-Cresyl sulfate shows antiproliferation activity. p-Cresyl sulfate increases the protein expression of HIF-1α and VHL, decreases the protein expression of HIF-2α. p-Cresyl sulfate induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). p-Cresyl sulfate activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways .

HY-111431A

p-Cresyl sulfate potassium 5+ Cited Publications p-Tolyl sulfate potassium	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite JNK p38 MAPK
p-Cresyl sulfate potassium is a uremic toxin that binds to a prototype protein. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium has pro-inflammatory activity .

HY-W011910

Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Cytochrome P450 UGT Interleukin Related
Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a metabolite of tryptophan, produced by intestinal microorganisms and combined with sulfate in the liver before entering the circulatory system. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and a urinary toxin. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate can be used for research on kidney diseases .

HY-N6739

Beauvericin	Cardiovascular Disease Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Antibacterial Disease Research Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Apoptosis Fungal PI3K Akt TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Beauvericin is a cyclohexapeptide Fusarium toxin with insecticidal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Beauvericin causes cellular genotoxicity by producing DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei, and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of HCC. In addition, Beauvericin affects immune function by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and interfering with the differentiation process of human monocytes into macrophages .

HY-P0190

Iberiotoxin 2 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Natural Products Animals Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Potassium Channel
Iberiotoxin is a toxin isolated from Buthus tamulus scorpion venom. Iberiotoxin is a selective high conductance high conductance Ca ²⁺-activated K ⁺ channel inhibitor with a K_d of ~1 nM. Iberiotoxin does not block other types of voltage-dependent ion channels .

HY-113432

Nudifloramide 2PY	Alkaloids Structural Classification Other disease Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Pyridine Alkaloids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite PARP
Nudifloramide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Nudifloramide significantly inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) activity in vitro .

HY-P0173A

Chlorotoxin 2 Publications Verification	Natural Products Animals Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Chloride Channel
Chlorotoxin is a 36 amino-acid peptide from the venom of the Israeli scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus with anticancer activity. Chlorotoxin is a chloride channel blocker.

HY-W145518

Pectin	Infection Structural Classification Polysaccharides Malus pumila Mill. Rosaceae Plants Saccharides Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide, derived from the cell wall of higher plants. Pectin involves in the formation of nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle of agents. Pectin is also an adsorbent, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that binds to bacteria toxins and other irritants in the intestinal mucosa, relieves irritated mucosa .

HY-W012479

H-D-Trp-OH 1 Publications Verification D-Tryptophan	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Marine natural products Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Ligands for E3 Ligase
H-D-Trp-OH (D-Tryptophan) is the D-isomer of tryptophan, which is occasionally found in natural peptides, such as marine toxin peptides. H-D-Trp-OH can increase intestinal microbial diversity and counteract the inhibitory effect of allergic airway inflammation on intestinal microbial diversity .

HY-135416

Streptolysin O 2 Publications Verification	Infection Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Streptolysin O, a group A streptococcal toxin, is a well-characterized oxygen-labile prototype of a cholesterol-binding bacterial exotoxin. Streptolysin O causes both lysis of cells and cardiotoxicity. Streptolysin O is widely used for the controlled permeabilization of cell membranes. Streptolysin O exists in two forms, a reduced active state and an oxidized reversibly inactive state .

HY-12546

Brevetoxin B Brevetoxin-2; PbTx-2	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Animals Source Classification	Sodium Channel Apoptosis Calcium Channel Potassium Channel Caspase
Brevetoxin B (Brevetoxin-2) is a red tide toxin. Brevetoxin B affects sodium, potassium and calcium currents in nerve terminals. Brevetoxin B also modulates the metabolic activity of Jurkat cells, reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis. Brevetoxin B can be used in research on synaptic transmission and tumors .

HY-119412

Biliatresone	Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Isoflavones Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Biliatresone is a natural toxin isolated from Dysphania glomulifera and D. littoralis. Biliatresone, a 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone class of isoflavonoid, produces extrahepatic biliary atresia in a zebrafish model .

HY-W040307

Saccharopine 1 Publications Verification L-Saccharopine	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Saccharopine (L-Saccharopine), a lysine degradation intermediate, is a mitochondrial toxin. Lysine and α-ketoglutarate are converted into Saccharopine by the lysine-ketoglutarate reductase. Saccharopine is then oxidized to α-aminoapidate semialdehyde and glutamate by the saccharopine dehydrogenase. Saccharopine impairs development by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis .

HY-122009

Indican Indoxyl-β-D-glucoside	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Indigofera Source Classification	P-glycoprotein OAT Fluorescent Dye
Indican (Indoxyl-β-D-glucoside), a glycoside of indoxyl, is a precursor of the dyesindigo and indirubin. Indican has a major metabolite, indoxyl sulfate (IS). IS, an uremic toxin, is a substrate/inhibitor of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1, OAT 3 and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 4 .

HY-107830

Methyl cholate	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Collagen
Methyl cholate is a bile acid analog and a specific inhibitor of TcdB toxin from Clostridioides difficile. Methyl cholate exerts a stronger selective inhibitory effect on TcdB than on TcdA. Methyl cholate induces conformational stabilization by binding to a unique site of TcdB, thereby blocking the binding of the toxin to host receptors and its self-processing process. Methyl cholate effectively protects human fibroblasts from TcdB-induced cytopathic effects. Methyl cholate exhibits dose-dependent anti-hepatic fibrosis activity in both cellular and zebrafish models, and significantly reduces the expression levels of α-SMA and COL-I. Methyl cholate is suitable for in-depth research in the fields of Clostridioides difficile infection and hepatic fibrosis .

HY-N2387

Pinosylvin	Infection Stilbenes Classification of Application Fields Polygonaceae Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Apoptosis Autophagy
Pinosylvin is a?pre-infectious stilbenoid toxin?isolated from the heartwood of Pinus species, has anti-bacterial activities . Pinosylvin is a resveratrol analogue, can induce cell apoptosis and autophapy in leukemia cells .

HY-N7053

Tubulysin M	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	ADC Payload Microtubule/Tubulin
Tubulysin M is a highly cytotoxic anti-microtubule toxin (anti-microtubule toxins) that is synthesized as an ADC cytotoxin (ADC Cytotoxin). Tubulysin M can be isolated from the myxobacteria Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis. Tubulysin M displays extremely potent cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells, including multidrug-resistant cell lines, with IC₅₀ values in the low nanomolar range. Tubulysin M inhibits microtubule/tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .

HY-N7719

Oosporein	Quinones Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Benzene Quinones Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Fungal Parasite Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase HSV
Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity .

HY-P3003

Cereulide	Microorganisms Source Classification	Potassium Channel Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism
Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K ⁺, and transports K ⁺ from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning .

HY-N6745

Citreoviridin	Cardiovascular Disease Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Na+/K+ ATPase Apoptosis
Citreoviridin, a toxin from Penicillium citreoviride NRRL 2579, inhibits brain synaptosomal Na ⁺/K ⁺-ATPase whereas in microsomes, both Na ⁺/K ⁺-ATPase and Mg ²⁺-ATPase activities are significantly stimulated in a dose-dependent manner . Citreoviridin inhibits cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells .

HY-W014504

DL-Kynurenine	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
DL-Kynurenine is a key metabolite in the tryptophan metabolic pathway and can cross the blood-brain barrier. DL-Kynurenine has a bidirectional regulatory effect on neural excitability. DL-Kynurenine can enhance the convulsive and lethal effects caused by strychnine. DL-Kynurenine is the precursor of Kynurenic acid (HY-100806), which is an antagonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors and can counteract excitatory toxins. DL-Kynurenine can be used for research on neurotoxicity .

HY-P1189

Echistatin	Natural Products Animals Classification of Application Fields Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Integrin
Echistatin, the smallest active RGD protein belonging to the family of disintegrins that are derived from snake venoms, is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Echistatin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in culture. Echistatin is a potent antagonist of α_IIbβ₃, α_vβ₃ and α₅β₁ .

HY-P1280

Margatoxin 1 Publications Verification	Natural Products Animals Neurological Disease Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Potassium Channel
Margatoxin, an alpha-KTx scorpion toxin, is a high affinity inhibitor of Kv1.3 (K_d=11.7 pM). Margatoxin inhibits the Kv1.2 (K_d=6.4 pM) and Kv1.1 (K_d=4.2 nM). Margatoxin, a 39 amino-acid-long peptide, is isolated from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides margaritatus and widely used in ion channel research .

HY-W040307B

Saccharopine hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification L-Saccharopine hydrochloride	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Saccharopine (L-Saccharopine) hydrochloride, a lysine degradation intermediate, is a mitochondrial toxin. Lysine and α-ketoglutarate are converted into Saccharopine hydrochloride by the lysine-ketoglutarate reductase. Saccharopine hydrochloride is then oxidized to α-aminoapidate semialdehyde and glutamate by the saccharopine dehydrogenase. Saccharopine hydrochloride impairs development by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis .

HY-111009

Swinholide A	Infection Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Animals Marine natural products Sponge Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Fungal
Swinholide A is the actin-binding marine polyketide and dimerizes actin with the K_d of ~ 50 nM . Swinholide A is a microfilament disrupting marine toxin that stabilizes actin dimers and severs actin filaments. Swinholide A disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of cells.Antifungal activity .

HY-N6773

Cytochalasin A	Infection Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification	HIV Protease Fungal
Cytochalasin A is a cell-permeable fungal toxin that is an oxidized derivative of cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin A is an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (IC₅₀=3 μM) and inhibits actin polymerization and interferes with microtubule assembly by reacting with sulfhydryl groups. Antibiotic and fungicidal activitives .

HY-135416A

Streptolysin O (≥1000000 units/mg) 1 Publications Verification	Infection Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Streptolysin O (≥1000000 units/mg) is a ≥1000000 units/mg Streptolysin O (HY-135416). Streptolysin O, a group A streptococcal toxin, is a well-characterized oxygen-labile prototype of a cholesterol-binding bacterial exotoxin. Streptolysin O causes both lysis of cells and cardiotoxicity. Streptolysin O is widely used for the controlled permeabilization of cell membranes. Streptolysin O exists in two forms, a reduced active state and an oxidized reversibly inactive state .

HY-P0173B

Chlorotoxin TFA 2 Publications Verification	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Animals Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	Chloride Channel
Chlorotoxin TFA is a peptide isolated from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus, acts as a chloride channel blocker . Anti-cancer activity .

HY-W001117

3,5-Dimethoxyphenol Phloroglucinol Dimethyl Ether	Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Taxaceae Phenols Metabolic Disease Plants Schisandraceae Disease Research Fields Source Classification Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.	Endogenous Metabolite
3,5-Dimethoxyphenol is a toxin metabolite, found in human consuming yew leaves .

HY-W416250

p-Cresol glucuronide	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Drug Metabolite
p-Cresol glucuronide, a metabolite of p-cresol, is a prototype protein-bound uremic toxin. p-Cresol glucuronide is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) .

HY-N6774

Cytochalasin C 1 Publications Verification	Infection Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Cytochalasin C is a cell-permeable fungal toxin and induces the formation of nuclear rodlets. Cytochalasin C is 10 times less toxic in mice than is cytochalasin D .

HY-W015343

3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid m-Methoxyphenylacetic acid	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid (m-Methoxyphenylacetic acid), a m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-OHPAA) derivative, is a phytotoxin in Rhizoctonia solani. 3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid is used to develop a toxin-mediated bioassay for resistance to rhizoctonia root rot .

HY-W674241A

4-Ethylphenyl sulfate sodium	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
4-Ethylphenyl sulfate sodium is an orally active and brain-penetrant gut microbial metabolite. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate sodium downregulates Bcl2 expression, upregulates Bax expression, and induces cancer cell apoptosis via the endogenous apoptotic pathway. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate sodium induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate sodium impairs oligodendrocyte maturation, reduces oligodendrocyte-neuron interactions, decreases axonal myelination levels, and shifts the oligodendrocyte population toward immature precursor cells. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate sodium alters brain region-specific neural activity and functional connectivity in mice, and correlates with anxiety-like behaviors in mice .

HY-P1346

APETx2	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	Sodium Channel
APETx2, a sea anemone peptide from Anthopleura elegantissima, is a selective and reversible ASIC3 inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 63 nM. APETx2 directly inhibits the ASIC3 channel by acting at its external side. APETx2 could reverses acid‐induced and inflammatory pain .

HY-N12851

4-OHE (E)-4-Oxo-2-hexenal	Structural Classification Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source Classification	Bacterial Apoptosis
4-OHE ((E)-4-Oxo-2-hexenal) is a mutagen formed by omega-3 lipid peroxidation. 4-OHE reacts with deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and 5-methyldeoxycytidine to form covalent adducts. 4-OHE induces apoptosis and exhibits genotoxicity. 4-OHE inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which correlates with its electrophilic reactivity towards nucleophilic biomolecules. 4-OHE is a chemical defense component of Dolycoris baccarum (sloe bug), and acts as a deterrent and toxin against insect predators .

HY-130476

Satratoxin G	Microorganisms Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis
Satratoxin G is a large cyclic mucor toxin. Satratoxin G induces apoptosis by activation of caspase .

HY-N5121

Calycanthine 1 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Calycanthacerae Plants Chimonanthus praecox (L.)Link Alkaloid Dimers Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Calycanthine, the principal alkaloid of the order Calycanthaceae, has been isolated from a species of the genus Psychotria, and is a central nervous system toxin, causing convulsions .

HY-N2348

Tubulysin D	Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	ADC Payload Microtubule/Tubulin
Tubulysin D is a highly cytotoxic anti-microtubule toxin (anti-microtubule toxins) that is synthesized as an ADC cytotoxin (ADC Cytotoxin). Tubulysin D can be isolated from the myxobacteria Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis. Tubulysin D displays extremely potent cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells, including multidrug-resistant cell lines, with IC₅₀ values in the low nanomolar range. Tubulysin D inhibits microtubule/Tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .

HY-113432R

Nudifloramide (Standard) 2PY (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite PARP
Nudifloramide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nudifloramide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nudifloramide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Nudifloramide significantly inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) activity in vitro .

HY-N7719R

Oosporein (Standard)	Quinones Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards Bacterial Fungal Parasite Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase HSV
Oosporein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oosporein (HY-N7719). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity .

HY-126484

Eremofortin B	Structural Classification Microorganisms Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source Classification	Fungal
Eremofortin B is a sesquiterpenoid compound synthesized by penicillium roqueforti PR Toxin (PRT) .

HY-42682R

D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride (Standard) D-Galactosamine HCl (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Vitis vinifera cv. Zalema Plants Vitaceae Saccharides Monosaccharides Source Classification	Reference Standards
D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. Lipopolysaccharide/D(+)-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury is a known animal model of fulminant hepatic failure .

HY-N7052

Tubulysin I	Monophenols Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	ADC Payload Microtubule/Tubulin
Tubulysin I is a highly cytotoxic anti-microtubule toxin (anti-microtubule toxins) that is synthesized as an ADC cytotoxin (ADC Cytotoxin). Tubulysin I can be isolated from the myxobacteria Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis. Tubulysin I displays extremely potent cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells, including multidrug-resistant cell lines, with IC₅₀ values in the low nanomolar range. Tubulysin I inhibits microtubule/tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .

HY-N7050

Tubulysin G	Monophenols Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	ADC Payload Microtubule/Tubulin
Tubulysin G is a highly cytotoxic anti-microtubule toxin (anti-microtubule toxins) that is synthesized as an ADC cytotoxin (ADC Cytotoxin). Tubulysin G can be isolated from the myxobacteria Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis. Tubulysin G displays extremely potent cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells, including multidrug-resistant cell lines, with IC₅₀ values in the low nanomolar range. Tubulysin G inhibits microtubule/tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .

HY-N2347

Tubulysin C	Natural Products Monophenols Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Phenols Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	ADC Payload Microtubule/Tubulin
Tubulysin C is a highly cytotoxic anti-microtubule toxin (anti-microtubule toxins) that is synthesized as an ADC cytotoxin (ADC Cytotoxin). Tubulysin C can be isolated from the myxobacteria Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis. Tubulysin C displays extremely potent cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells, including multidrug-resistant cell lines, with IC₅₀ values in the low nanomolar range. Tubulysin C inhibits microtubule/Tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .

HY-111431AR

p-Cresyl sulfate potassium (Standard) p-Tolyl sulfate potassium (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	JNK p38 MAPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Reference Standards
p-Cresyl sulfate (potassium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of p-Cresyl sulfate (potassium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. p-Cresyl sulfate (p-Tolyl sulfate) potassium is a uremic toxin, that can cause renal damage and dysfunction. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium shows antiproliferation activity. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium increases the protein expression of HIF-1α and VHL, decreases the protein expression of HIF-2α. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). p-Cresyl sulfate potassium activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways .

HY-P3065

Calcicludine	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	Calcium Channel
Calcicludine is a protein toxin from the venom of the green mamba that inhibits high-voltage-activated calcium channel, especially L-type calcium channel .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-Z0056S

Bromobenzene-d5
Bromobenzene-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Bromobenzene. Bromobenzene is a well-known environmental toxin which causes liver and kidney damage through CYP450-mediated bio-activation to generate reactive metabolites and, consequently, oxidative stress .

HY-132429S

Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate-d5

Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 3-Indoxyl Sulfate potassium. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a metabolite of tryptophan, produced by intestinal microorganisms and combined with sulfate in the liver before entering the circulatory system. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and a urinary toxin. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate can be used for research on kidney diseases.

HY-111431AS

p-Cresol sulfate-d7 potassium
p-Cresol sulfate-d₇ (potassium) is the deuterium labeled p-Cresyl sulfate potassium. p-Methylphenyl potassium sulfate is a prototype protein-bound uremic toxin[1][2].

HY-W011910S

Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate-d4

Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate-d₄ potassium is the deuterium labeled Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a metabolite of tryptophan, produced by intestinal microorganisms and combined with sulfate in the liver before entering the circulatory system. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and a urinary toxin. Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate can be used for research on kidney diseases.

HY-P3003S

Cereulide-13C6

Cereulide- ¹³C₆ is a deuterated form of Cereulide. Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K ⁺, and transports K ⁺ from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning.

HY-103447S1

Zearalenone-13C18
Zearalenone- ¹³C₁₈ (Mycotoxin F2- ¹³C₁₈; Toxin F2- ¹³C₁₈) is the ¹³C labeled Zearalenone (HY-103447) . Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts .

HY-B1455S1

Clindamycin-13C,d3

Clindamycin- ¹³C,d₃ is the ¹³C- and deuterium labeled Clindamycin. Clindamycin is an orally active and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic lincosamide antibiotic. Clindamycin can inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, possessing the ability to suppress the expression of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus at sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). Clindamycin resistance results from enzymatic methylation of the antibiotic binding site in the 50S ribosomal subunit (23S rRNA). Clindamycin decreases the production of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), toxic-shock-staphylococcal toxin (TSST-1) or alpha-haemolysin (Hla). Clindamycin also can be used for researching malaria .

HY-136406S

Bongkrekic acid-13C28

1 Publications Verification

Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-23155S

2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate-d5

2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate-d₅ isothiocyanate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate[1]. 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate is a potent antifungal agent. 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate significantly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, with a MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 1.22 mM. The antifungal effect of 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate against Alternaria alternata might be via reduction in toxin content and breakdown of cell membrane integrity[2][3].

HY-N6739S

Beauvericin-13C45

Beauvericin- ¹³C₄₅ is ¹³C labeled Beauvericin (HY-N6739). Beauvericin is a cyclohexapeptide Fusarium toxin with insecticidal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Beauvericin causes cellular genotoxicity by producing DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei, and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of HCC. In addition, Beauvericin affects immune function by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and interfering with the differentiation process of human monocytes into macrophages .

HY-106901AS

Asoxime-d4 dichloride

1 Publications Verification

Asoxime-d₄ dichloride (HI-6-d₄) is the deuterium labeled Asoxime dichloride. Asoxime dichloride is an orally active thiosemicarbazone-based antidote. Asoxime dichloride is a reversible inhibitor of AChE, and its core mechanism of action is to re-activate AChE inhibited by nerve toxins, thereby restoring the cholinergic nerve function. Asoxime dichloride significantly restores the function of poisoned muscles without reactivating AChE. Asoxime dichloride is an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), including nicotinic receptor and α7 nAChR. Asoxime dichloride can serve as an effective immunomodulator, improving the immune effect of the nervous system.

HY-42682S1

D(+)-Galactosamine-13C hydrochloride
D(+)-Galactosamine- ¹³C (hydrochloride) is the ¹³C labeled D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride. D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and

HY-176415S

Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd-d5
Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd (HY-176415). Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd is a conjugate of Cys and Deruxtecan (HY-13631E). Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd is a linker-toxin building block in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used to link antibody Cys residues to cytotoxic drugs. Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd can be used in cancer research .

HY-B1455S

Clindamycin-d3 hydrochloride

Clindamycin-d₃ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Clindamycin. Clindamycin is an orally active and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic lincosamide antibiotic. Clindamycin can inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, possessing the ability to suppress the expression of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus at sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). Clindamycin resistance results from enzymatic methylation of the antibiotic binding site in the 50S ribosomal subunit (23S rRNA). Clindamycin decreases the production of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), toxic-shock-staphylococcal toxin (TSST-1) or alpha-haemolysin (Hla). Clindamycin also can be used for researching malaria .

HY-107654S

Muscarine-d9 iodide
Muscarine-d₉ (iodide) is the deuterium labeled Muscarine iodide. Muscarine ((+)-Muscarine) iodide is a toxin that can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. Muscarine iodide is a prototype muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist .

HY-W654121

p-Cresol sulfate-d4 potassium
p-Cresol sulfate-d₄ (potassium) is deuterium labeled p-Cresyl sulfate (potassium). p-Cresyl sulfate potassium is a uremic toxin that binds to a prototype protein. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium has pro-inflammatory activity .

HY-W746556

Methyl cholate-d5

Methyl cholate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Methyl cholate. Methyl cholate is a bile acid analog and a specific inhibitor of TcdB toxin from Clostridioides difficile. Methyl cholate exerts a stronger selective inhibitory effect on TcdB than on TcdA. Methyl cholate induces conformational stabilization by binding to a unique site of TcdB, thereby blocking the binding of the toxin to host receptors and its self-processing process. Methyl cholate effectively protects human fibroblasts from TcdB-induced cytopathic effects. Methyl cholate exhibits dose-dependent anti-hepatic fibrosis activity in both cellular and zebrafish models, and significantly reduces the expression levels of α-SMA and COL-I. Methyl cholate is suitable for in-depth research in the fields of Clostridioides difficile infection and hepatic fibrosis .

HY-103447S2

Zearalenone-13C7
Zearalenone- ¹³C₇ (Mycotoxin F2- ¹³C₇) is ¹³C labeled Zearalenone. Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts .

HY-W015912S

2-Acetylfuran-d3

2-Acetylfuran-d₃ is deuterated labeled Citreoviridin (HY-N6745). Citreoviridin, a toxin from Penicillium citreoviride NRRL 2579, inhibits brain synaptosomal Na ⁺/K ⁺-ATPase whereas in microsomes, both Na ⁺/K ⁺-ATPase and Mg ²⁺-ATPase activities are significantly stimulated in a dose-dependent manner . Citreoviridin inhibits cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells .

HY-W014504S1

DL-Kynurenine-d7

DL-Kynurenine-d₇ is the deuterium labeled DL-Kynurenine. DL-Kynurenine is a key metabolite in the tryptophan metabolic pathway and can cross the blood-brain barrier. DL-Kynurenine has a bidirectional regulatory effect on neural excitability. DL-Kynurenine can enhance the convulsive and lethal effects caused by strychnine. DL-Kynurenine is the precursor of Kynurenic acid (HY-100806), which is an antagonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors and can counteract excitatory toxins. DL-Kynurenine can be used for research on neurotoxicity.

HY-45171S

Exatecan intermediate 12-d5
Exatecan intermediate 12-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Exatecan intermediate 12 (HY-45171). Exatecan intermediate 12 is an intermediate for the synthesis of ADC toxin Exatecan (HY-13631) and can be used to prepare ADC compounds.

HY-176415S1

Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd-d5 TFA
Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd-d5 TFA (Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd-d₅ TFA) is the deuterium labeled Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd (HY-176415). Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd-d5 TFA is a conjugate of Cys and Deruxtecan (HY-13631E). Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd-d5 TFA is a linker-toxin building block in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used to link antibody Cys residues to cytotoxic drugs. Cys-MC-GGFG-Dxd-d5 TFA can be used in cancer research .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-16700G

PNU-159682	ADC Payload Topoisomerase	Cancer
PNU-159682 GMP is a GMP grade PNU-159682 (HY-16700). PNU-159682, a metabolite of the anthracycline Nemorubicin, is a highly potent DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor with excellent cytotoxicity. PNU-159682 acts as a more potent and tolerated ADC cytotoxin than Doxorubicin for ADC synthesis. PNU-159682 can be used in EDV-nanocell technology to overcome agent resistance.

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