PT2399
Based on 13 publication(s) in Google Scholar
PT2399 is a selective and orally active HIF-2α antagonist (IC50 < 5 nM) that binds the PAS-B domain and disrupts HIF-2α-ARNT heterodimerization. PT2399 inhibits HIF-2α-driven transcription, destabilizes HIF-2α, and suppresses HIF target genes without inhibiting HIF1α. PT2399 reduces tumor cell proliferation, vessel area, circulating tumor-derived VEGFA/VEGF, and lactate while increasing pyruvate. PT2399 can be used for research on clear cell renal cell carcinoma and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.96%
- CAS No.: 1672662-14-4
- Formula: C17H10F5NO4S
- Molecular Weight:419.32
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Storage:
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) PT2399
More- Cancer Discov. 2025 Oct 9. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Feb 12;17(1):1214. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 1;16(1):5834. [Abstract]
- EMBO J. 2023 Oct 16;42(20):e113743. [Abstract]
- Cell Prolif. 2025 Dec 30:e70160. [Abstract]
- J Biol Eng. 2024 Jan 22;18(1):11. [Abstract]
- Stem Cell Reports. 2026 Aug 11;21(8):103008.
- FASEB J. 2022 Jul;36(7):e22410. [Abstract]
- Hum Mol Genet. 2023 Aug 7;32(16):2600-2610. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jul 3:2026.06.30.734089.
- Blood Red Cells Iron. 2026 Mar 9.
- the Scripps Research Institute. 2025.
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Aug:140:111778. [Abstract]
Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
HIF-2α < 5 nM (IC50) |
HIF-2α 6 nM (EC50) |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 786-0 | EC50 |
0.006 μM
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Inhibition of HIF-2α-driven HRE-dependent luciferase reporter activity in 786-O ccRCC cells.
Inhibition of HIF-2α-driven HRE-dependent luciferase reporter activity in 786-O ccRCC cells.
|
30289716 |
| 786-0 | EC50 |
14 nM
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Inhibition of VEGFA secretion in 786-O ccRCC cells.
Inhibition of VEGFA secretion in 786-O ccRCC cells.
|
30289716 |
| 786-0 | EC50 |
233 nM
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Free-fraction adjusted inhibition of VEGFA secretion in 786-O ccRCC cells.
Free-fraction adjusted inhibition of VEGFA secretion in 786-O ccRCC cells.
|
30289716 |
In Vitro
PT2399 (0.02-2 µM) disrupts HIF2α-ARNT1 interaction in 786-O, A498, UMRC-2, 769-P, and RCC10 cells[4].
PT2399 (2 µM; 16 h) accelerates HIF2α protein decay in 786-O cells, reducing half-life from 63.66 to 19.77 min[4].
PT2399 (0.02-200 µM; 16 h) inhibits HIF-responsive luciferase activity in 786-O VHL−/− cells without affecting constitutive luciferase reporters[4].
PT2399 (0.2-2 µM; 21 d) inhibits soft agar growth of 786-O and A498 cells, while UMRC-2, 769-P, SKRC-20, UMRC-6, RCC10, and SLR21 cells are insensitive[4].
PT2399 (0.2-20 µM; up to 14-18 d) has minimal antiproliferative effect in 786-O cells at 0.2 and 2 µM, whereas 20 µM causes HIF2α-independent growth inhibition[4].
PT2399 (0.02-20 µM for HRE-Luc; 0.2-2 µM for soft agar) inhibits HIF-responsive luciferase activity in UMRC-2 cells independently of HIF1α, while UMRC-2 soft agar growth remains insensitive[4].
PT2399 inhibits HIF-2α protein expression in K562 and MEG-01 CML cells[5].
PT2399 (0-72 h) suppresses proliferation of K562 and MEG-01 CML cells over 72 h, and PT2399 combined with TKI further reduces proliferation[5].
PT2399 (20-40 μM; 0-72 h) inhibits proliferation of primary CML cells, with 40 μM more effective than 20 μM at later time points[5].
PT2399 (7 days) reduces colony formation by primary CML cells[5].
PT2399 (0.2-2 µM) mediates HIF target repression in M2A cells, with HIF2α S304M conferring partial resistance[4].
PT2399 (0.2-2 µM; 24 h) variably suppresses HIF target mRNAs across ccRCC lines, with the strongest repression in 786-O and A498 cells[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:HEK293T cells
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Concentration:10 µM
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Incubation Time:5 h
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Result:HIF-2 dimers were preserved in cells expressing HIF-2α G323E and/or HIF-1β F446L.
Both mutants were sufficient to preserve HIF-2 dimers, and the effects appeared additive.
At 10 µM for 5 h, HIF-2 dimers were not dissociated when HIF-2α G323E and/or HIF-1β F446L were expressed.
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Cell Line:786-O VHL−/− ccRCC cells
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Concentration:0.2, 2, and 20 µM
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Incubation Time:24 and 48 h
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Result:Repressed NDRG1, VEGF, Cyclin D1, and GLUT1 mRNAs and reduced HIF2α protein and secreted VEGF; the HIF1α-specific target BNIP3 was not suppressed.
Microarray analysis showed overlap with HIF2α sgRNA effects and downregulation of hypoxia-, HIF-, and c-Myc-induced gene sets, with GSEA NES values of 2.95, 2.39, 3.01, and 2.21 for representative sets.
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Cell Line:786-O cells
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Concentration:2 µM
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Incubation Time:16 h; 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 h (cycloheximide chase)
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Result:HIF2α half-life decreased from 63.66 min in DMSO-treated cells to 19.77 min under HIF2α inhibition.
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Cell Line:786-O HIF2α−/− cells reconstituted with empty vector, HIF2α WT, or HIF2α S304M
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Concentration:0.2 and 2 µM
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Incubation Time:21 days (soft agar)
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Result:Repressed NDRG1, VEGF, Cyclin D1, and GLUT1 in HIF2α WT-reconstituted cells but not in empty-vector or HIF2α S304M cells.
Reduced soft agar colony formation in HIF2α WT cells, and this effect was reversed by HIF2α S304M; HIF2α−/− cells did not form colonies unless rescued with HIF2α.
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Cell Line:786-O, A498, UMRC-2, 769-P, RCC10, SKRC-20, UMRC-6, and SLR21 renal carcinoma cells
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Concentration:0.2 and 2 µM
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Incubation Time:21 days
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Result:Inhibited soft agar colony formation in 786-O and A498 cells.
UMRC-2, 769-P, SKRC-20, UMRC-6, and SLR21 cells were insensitive; RCC10 soft agar growth was also unaffected despite suppression by HIF2α sgRNA.
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Cell Line:ccRCC cell panel including 786-O, A498, UMRC-2, 769-P, RCC10, SKRC-20, UMRC-6, Caki-2, M1A, M2A, and SLR21, plus pVHL-isogenic 786-O, A498, UMRC-2, and 769-P cells
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Concentration:0.2 and 2 µM
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Incubation Time:24 h (RCC10)
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Result:786-O and A498 cells showed the greatest repression of HIF target genes, whereas UMRC-2 and 769-P cells showed weaker repression; the panel showed variable suppression of VEGF, Cyclin D1, and GLUT1.
Parmacokinetics
In Vivo
PT2399 (100 mg/kg; p.o. by oral gavage; every 12 h; typically 4 weeks) inhibited renal cell carcinoma tumorgraft growth in NOD/SCID mice, with 60% overall growth inhibition[3].
PT2399 (30-100 mg/kg; once daily) inhibits VHL−/− ccRCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) growth[4].
PT2399 (100 mg/kg; p.o. (oral gavage); once daily; 14 days) alone modestly suppresses CML progression in mice[5].
PT2399 (100 mg/kg; p.o. (oral gavage); once daily; 14 days) extends survival and improves TKI efficacy in K562 CDX mice[5].
PT2399 (100 mg/kg; p.o. (oral gavage); once daily; 14 days) extends survival in cell-derived xenograft (CDX) CML model
in B-NDG mice[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Female SCID/beige mice injected with 786-O cells[1]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; twice daily; 3 days
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Result:Inhibited HIF-2α-driven VEGFA and CCND1 transcription in tumor and completely abolished circulating human tumor-derived VEGFA.
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Animal Model:Female SCID/beige mice injected with 786-O cells[1]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; twice daily; 21 days
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Result:Produced rapid regression of established 786-O xenograft tumors.
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Animal Model:nude mice[4]
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Dosage:30 mg/kg
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Administration:twice daily; 2 days
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Result:After two days, the 3XHRE-Luc signal decreased by more than 60%; CMV-Luc tumors were not decreased.
The 3XHRE-Luc signal recovered after washout and decreased again after rechallenge.
HIF-responsive mRNAs decreased, Ki-67 staining decreased, Caspase 3 cleavage increased, and microvessel density decreased.
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Animal Model:nude mice[4]
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Dosage:30 mg/kg
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Administration:twice daily; 1 month
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Result:Orthotopic UMRC-2 tumor growth was not suppressed; relative bioluminescence signal showed no suppression.
In UMRC-2 orthotopic tumors, NDRG1 and Cyclin D1 mRNAs were suppressed despite no growth inhibition.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (male and female, 6-8 weeks old)[5]
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Dosage:100 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o. (oral gavage); once daily; 14 days
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Result:Slightly suppressed CML onset.
Reduced GFP+ leukemia cells in peripheral blood and prolonged survival compared with TKI alone.
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Animal Model:B-NDG (NOD.CB17-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1/Bcgen; male and female, 6-8 weeks old)[5]
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Dosage:100 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o. (oral gavage); once daily; 14 days
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Result:Extended survival.
Further extended survival compared with TKI alone in K562 CDX mice.
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Animal Model:B-NDG (NOD.CB17-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1/Bcgen; male and female, 6-8 weeks old)[5]
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Dosage:100 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o. (oral gavage); once daily; 14 days
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Result:Extended survival.
Further extended survival compared with TKI alone in MEG-01 CDX mice.
- BrdU Incorporation Assay
- Somatic Cell Culture
- CFSE Dye Dilution Proliferation Assay
- Dye-dilution cell tracking and proliferation staining
- CCK-8/WST-8 Cell Proliferation Assay
- Protocol for Cell Cycle
- Cell Counting-Based Growth Curve Assay
- Colony Formation (Clonogenic) Assay
- Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
- EdU Incorporation Assay (Click Chemistry-Based DNA Synthesis Measurement)
- Ki-67 Immunostaining Proliferation Assay
- PCNA Immunodetection Proliferation Assay
- Protocol for Cell Counting and Cell Density Analysis
- MTT Cell Proliferation Assay
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1672662-14-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 419.32
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Formula C17H10F5NO4S
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
N#CC1=CC(F)=CC(OC2=CC=C(S(=O)(C(F)F)=O)C3=C2CC(F)(F)[C@H]3O)=C1
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Publications (13)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cancer Discov
HIF-2-dependent Regulation of PTHrP and Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia in Aggressive Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Oct 9. PMID: 41065553 -
Nat Commun
Human iPSC-based Modeling of Pulmonary Fibrosis Reveals p300/CBP Inhibition Suppresses Alveolar Transitional Cell State. [Abstract]2026 Feb 12;17(1):1214. PMID: 41680175 -
Nat Commun
2025 Jul 1;16(1):5834. PMID: 40595592 -
EMBO J
A mitochondrial EglN1-AMPKα axis drives breast cancer progression by enhancing metabolic adaptation to hypoxic stress. [Abstract]2023 Oct 16;42(20):e113743. PMID: 37661833 -
Cell Prolif
Hypoxia Exacerbates Periapical Periodontitis-Associated Pathological Bone Loss via the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Axis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 30:e70160. PMID: 41467319 -
J Biol Eng
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate(PHBV)-Polyethylene glycol 20k(PEG20k) as a promising delivery system for PT2399 in the treatment of disc degeneration. [Abstract]2024 Jan 22;18(1):11. PMID: 38254196 -
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FASEB J
SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin attenuates cardiac fibrosis and inflammation by reverting the HIF-2α signaling pathway in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. [Abstract]2022 Jul;36(7):e22410. PMID: 35713937 -
Hum Mol Genet
Continuous, but not intermittent, regimens of hypoxia prevent and reverse ataxia in a murine model of Friedreich's ataxia. [Abstract]2023 Aug 7;32(16):2600-2610. PMID: 37260376 -
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Biomed Pharmacother
The HIF-2α/PPARα pathway is essential for liraglutide-alleviated, lipid-induced hepatic steatosis. [Abstract]2021 Aug:140:111778. PMID: 34062416
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : ≥ 200 mg/mL (476.96 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (3.98 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (3.98 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (310 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Wehn PM, et al. Design and Activity of Specific Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α (HIF-2α) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Discovery of Clinical Candidate ( S)-3-((2,2-Difluoro-1-hydroxy-7-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl)oxy)-5-fluorobenzonitrile (PT2385). J Med Chem. 2018 Nov 8;61(21):9691-9721. [Content Brief]
[3]. Chen W, et al. Targeting renal cell carcinoma with a HIF-2 antagonist. Nature. 2016 Nov 03;539(7627):112-117. [Content Brief]
[4]. Cho H, et al. On-target efficacy of a HIF-2α antagonist in preclinical kidney cancer models. Nature. 2016 Nov 03;539(7627):107-111. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.3848 mL | 11.9241 mL | 23.8481 mL | 59.6203 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4770 mL | 2.3848 mL | 4.7696 mL | 11.9241 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2385 mL | 1.1924 mL | 2.3848 mL | 5.9620 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1590 mL | 0.7949 mL | 1.5899 mL | 3.9747 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1192 mL | 0.5962 mL | 1.1924 mL | 2.9810 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0954 mL | 0.4770 mL | 0.9539 mL | 2.3848 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0795 mL | 0.3975 mL | 0.7949 mL | 1.9873 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0596 mL | 0.2981 mL | 0.5962 mL | 1.4905 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0477 mL | 0.2385 mL | 0.4770 mL | 1.1924 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0397 mL | 0.1987 mL | 0.3975 mL | 0.9937 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0298 mL | 0.1491 mL | 0.2981 mL | 0.7453 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0238 mL | 0.1192 mL | 0.2385 mL | 0.5962 mL |