Infection

Viridicatol is a quinolone alkaloid with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, osteogenic and chondrogenic activities. Viridicatol reduces the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, p38 and STAT6; inhibits MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-κB signaling pathway and PTP1B; downregulates genes related to mast cell activation; and binds to SHN3 to activate the Wnt/SHN3 signaling pathway. Viridicatol inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and promotes osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation. Viridicatol can be used in studies related to fibrosarcoma, allergy, bacterial infection, fungal infection and osteoporosis.

Jun12682 is an orally active SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PL^pro) inhibitor, with a K_i value of 37.7 nM and an EC₅₀ value of 1.1 μM in the FlipGFP PL^pro assay. Jun12682 has efficacy in hindering PL^pro both deubiquitination and deISGylation, with K_i values of 63.5 and 38.5 nM, respectively. Jun12682 exhibits resistance in multiple PL^pro mutant strains, and its enzymatic activity is comparable to that of the wild-type. Jun12682 can be used for the study of the SARS-CoV-2.

Benzylacetone (4-Penylbutan-2-one) is an aromatic compound. Benzylacetone is a mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 2.8 mM, a K_i of 1.25 mM for monophenolase and an IC₅₀ of 0.6 mM, a K_i of 0.39 mM for diphenolase. Benzylacetone inhibits free mushroom tyrosinase and enzyme-substrate complex. Benzylacetone acts as an appetite enhancer via olfactory stimulation, reduces spontaneous locomotor activity, induces weight gain. Benzylacetone exhibits repellent, fumigant, and contact toxicity against Tribolium castaneum adults.

5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbic acid 5,6-acetonide) is an organic compound and a derivative of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). 5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid inhibits biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria. 5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid is applicable to studies related to bacterial infections.

Tridecanedioic acid (Brassylic Acid) is a long-chain fatty acid and an endogenous serum metabolite. Tridecanedioic acid is positively correlated with the intestinal genus Tuzzerella in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice fed a MCD diet. Tridecanedioic acid accumulates at high levels in Brassica napus germplasm tolerant to Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), thereby participating in plant defense. Tridecanedioic acid can be used in studies related to Plutella xylostella infestation.

TH1217 (ZINC1775962367) is a potent and selective dCTPase pyrophosphatase 1 (dCTPase) inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 47 nM. TH1217 enhances the cytotoxic effect of cytidine analogues in leukemia cells. TH1217 also could modulate SARS-Cov-2 interactors, so it shows activity of against COVID-19.

Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide (Chloroquinoxaline), a structural analogue of sulfaquinoxaline, is a topoisomerase II alpha/beta poison. Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide is used to control coccidiosis in poultry, rabbit, sheep, and cattle. Antitumor activity.

PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) (Mw 205000) is a polyvinyl alcohol with a molecular weight of 205000, which is used as a biological additive. PVA (Mw 205000) can be cross-linked through physical or chemical methods to form hydrogels, and is widely applied in fields such as biomedicine, food packaging, textiles, papermaking, sensing, and electronic devices. After PVA enema, it has an improving effect on acute colitis induced by DSS (HY-116282C) in mice.

4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde (p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde), an active constituent of Agastache rugosa, exhibits cytoprotective activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human larynx carcinoma cell line. 4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde effectively inhibits cytopathic effect of RSV with an estimated IC₅₀ of 0.055 μg/mL.

3-Aminobutanoic acid is a β-amino acid. 3-Aminobutanoic acid can protect plant against a challenge infection with P. infestans. 3-Aminobutanoic acid has various levels of susceptibility for the pathogen.

Chlorhexidine diacetate is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine diacetate binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine diacetate has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine diacetate can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).

Feruloyl esterase is a subclass of carboxylesterases that hydrolyzes the ester linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and arabinoxylan/pectin polysaccharides in plant cell walls. Feruloyl esterase can hydrolyze ethyl ferulate to release ferulic acid, disrupt plant cell wall structure, promote fiber swelling, and facilitate cellulase hydrolysis. Feruloyl esterase synergizes with xylanase by removing ferulic acid side chains, thereby promoting efficient hydrolysis of xylan into monomers. Feruloyl esterase acts as a virulence factor for Verticillium dahliae VdFAE and Magnaporthe oryzae Fae1, facilitating host infection and colonization. Feruloyl esterase promotes the degradation of cotton GhDFR through binding to its NADPH domain, thereby inhibiting flavonoid-mediated innate immunity and inducing cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Feruloyl esterase can be used in studies related to verticillium wilt and rice blast.

SHMT-IN-1 is a Plasmodium falciparum Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase (PfSHMT) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 350 nM. SHMT-IN-1 can be used for the research of malaria.

Coumarin-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Coumarin. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.

Glurate (4-Acetylbutyric acid) is an acylating agent. Glurate can be used in the development of antiviral compounds, especially those targeting retroviruses such as herpes virus and HIV. Glurate can be used in the synthesis of acyclic nucleoside derivatives and 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid.

AZT triphosphate (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate) tetraammonium is an active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate tetraammonium exhibits antiretroviral activity and inhibits replication of HIV. AZT triphosphate tetraammonium also inhibits the DNA polymerase of HBV. AZT triphosphate tetraammonium activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.

Erythromycin lactobionate is a macrolide antibiotic produced by actinomycete Streptomyces erythreus with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Erythromycin lactobionate binds to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits and inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis by blockage of transpeptidation and/or translocation reactions, without affecting synthesis of nucleic acid^[1][2]. Erythromycin lactobionate also exhibits antitumor and neuroprotective effect in different fields of research^[3][4].

DL-Glutamic acid-d₃ is the d₃-labeled DL-Glutamic acid (HY-W041895). DL-Glutamic acid is a racemic amino acid mixture and an antibacterial agent. DL-Glutamic acid reduces RNA and DNA levels, with a more significant effect on RNA. DL-Glutamic acid inhibits cell division of Rhodospirillum rubrum.

Zevotrelvir (EDP-235) is a coronavirus inhibitor that can inhibit 229E hCoV and the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like (3CL) protease (IC₅₀ <0.1 mM). Zevotrelvir can be used in research on coronavirus infections.

Cyclo(Phe-Gly) is a cyclodipeptides with antimicrobial and anticancer activities, isolated from broth culture of endophytic Streptomyces YIM 64018 associated with Paraboea sinensis.