5-HT Receptor Antagonist

Chlorpromazine is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-transparent antipsychotic agent that effectively antagonises D2 dopamine receptors and 5-HT_2A, which is widely used in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Chlorpromazine exerts anti-cancer activity through a variety of pathways, including anti-proliferation, induction of autophagy and cycle arrest (G2-M phase), inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis, and inhibition of tumour immune escape. Chlorpromazine also blocks hNa_v1.7 channels (IC₅₀=25.9 μM; concentration-dependent) and HERG potassium channels (IC₅₀=21.6 μM), which has potential for analgesic and cardiac arrhythmic studies. Chlorpromazine also can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Puerarin is an isoflavone extracted from Pueraria root and is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin inhibits the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV)-vagus nerve pathway, which in turn leads to decreased fat absorption.

Chlorpromazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-transparent antipsychotic agent that effectively antagonises D2 dopamine receptors and 5-HT_2A, which is widely used in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride exerts anti-cancer activity through a variety of pathways, including anti-proliferation, induction of autophagy and cycle arrest (G2-M phase), inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis, and inhibition of tumour immune escape. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride also blocks hNa_v1.7 channels (IC₅₀=25.9 μM; concentration-dependent) and HERG potassium channels (IC₅₀=21.6 μM), which has potential for analgesic and cardiac arrhythmic studies. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride also can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Olanzapine (LY170053) is a selective, orally active monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity binding to serotonin H1, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6 (K_i=7, 4, 11, 57, and 5 nM, respectively), dopamine D1-4 (K_i=11 to 31 nM), muscarinic M1-5 (K_i=1.9-25 nM), and adrenergic α1 receptor (K_i=19 nM). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic.

PNU-282987 is a potent α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with an EC₅₀ of 154 nM. PNU-282987 is also a functional antagonist of the 5-HT₃ receptor with an IC₅₀ of 4541 nM. PNU-282987 can be used for the research of central and peripheral nervous systems.

Volinanserin is a potent and selective antagonist of 5-HT₂ receptor, with a K_i of 0.36 nM, and shows 300-fold selectivity for 5-HT₂ receptor over 5-HT_1c, alpha-1 and DA D₂ receptors. Volinanserin has antipsychotic activity.

WAY-100635 is a potent and selective 5-HT_1A Receptor antagonist with a pIC₅₀ of 8.87, an apparent pA₂ of 9.71. WAY-100635 is a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist with an IC₅₀ value of 0.91 nM and K_i value of 0.39 nM. WAY-100635 has pIC₅₀ values for 5-HT1A and α1-adrenergic receptors of 8.9 and 6.6, respectively. WAY-100635 is also a potent dopamine D₄ receptor agonist.

Ketanserin is a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. Ketanserin also blocks hERG current (I_hERG) in a concentration-dependent manner (IC₅₀=0.11 μM).

GTS-21 dihydrochloride is a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) agonist with anti inflammatory and cognition enhancing activities. GTS-21 dihydrochloride is also a α4β2 (K_i=20 nM for humanα4β2) and 5-HT3A receptor (IC₅₀=3.1 μM) antagonist.

Thioridazine hydrochloride, an orally active antagonist of the dopamine receptor D2 family proteins, exhibits potent anti-psychotic and anti-anxiety activities. Thioridazine hydrochloride is also a potent inhibitor of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways with anti-angiogenic effect. Thioridazine hydrochloride shows antiproliferative and apoptosis induction effects in various types of cancer cells, with specificity on targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Ondansetron (GR 38032; SN 307) is a highly selective 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist with an IC₅₀ value of 103 pM. Ondansetron exerts its antiemetic effect by antagonizing 5-HT receptors located in localized neurons in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Ondansetron can inhibit nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

SB-269970 hydrochloride is a potent, selective and brain-penetrant 5-HT7 receptor antagonist with a pK_i of 8.3. SB-269970 hydrochloride exhibits >50-fold selectivity against other 5-HT receptors.

Pindolol (LB-46) is the antagonist for 5-HT 1A (K_i=33 nM) and 5-HT 1B. Pindolol is the antagonist for β1/β2-adrenergic receptor. Pindolol exhibits anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects.

Ritanserin (R 55667) is a highly potent, relatively selective, orally active, long acting antagonist of 5-HT₂ receptor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.9 nM, less active on Histamine H₁, Dopamine D₂, Adrenergic α₁, Adrenergic α₂ receptors.

SB 242084 is a selective, competitive and high-affinity (pK_i=9.0) 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist (crosses the blood-brain barrier). SB 242084 increases basal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and dopamine release in the vomeronasal nucleus. SB 242084 also increases mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative metabolism via 5-HT_2A receptor. SB 242084 has good research potential in the negative symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, as well as in acute organ damage.

GR 113808 is a potent and highly selective 5-HT₄ receptor antagonist (pK_b= 8.8). GR 113808 shows 300-fold selectivity over 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1B, 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_2C and 5-HT₃ receptors.

Mirtazapine (Org3770) is a potent and orally active noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) agent. Mirtazapine is also a 5-HT₂, 5-HT₃, histamine H1 receptor and α2-adrenoceptor antagonist with pK_i values of 8.05, 8.1, 9.3 and 6.95, respectively.

SB 204741 is a selective and high affinity 5-HT_2B antagonist with a pK_i value of 7.1.

Paliperidone (9-Hydroxyrisperidone), the major active metabolite of Risperidone, is a dopamine D2 antagonist and 5-HT2A antagonist. Paliperidone is also active as an antagonist at α1 and α2 adrenergic receptors and H1-histaminergic receptors. Paliperidone, a antipsychotic agent, shows efficacy against schizophrenia.

Ziprasidone (CP-88059), an orally active antipsychotic agent, is a combined 5-HT and dopamine receptor antagonist. Ziprasidone mesylate trihydrate has affinities for Rat D₂ (K_i=4.8 nM), 5-HT_2A (K_i=0.42 nM) and 5-HT_1A (K_i=3.4 nM).