Apoptosis Inducer

Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Betulinic acid can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Isoginkgetin is a pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor inhibitor. Isoginkgetin also inhibits activities of both Akt, NF-κB and MMP-9. Isoginkgetin inhibits the activity of the 20S proteasome, induces apoptosis and activates autophagy.

WP1066 is an inhibitor of JAK2 and STAT3, and also shows effect on STAT5 and ERK1/2, without affecting JAK1 and JAK3. WP1066 can cross the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3][4].

Oleuropein, found in olive leaves and oil, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Oleuropein induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via the p53-dependent pathway and through the regulation of Bax and Bcl2 genes. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase.

Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC₅₀ of 1.4 μM.

Luminespib (VER-52296) is a potent HSP90 inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 7.8 and 21 nM for HSP90α and HSP90β, respectively.

PF-543 (Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibitor II) is a potent, selective, reversible and sphingosine-competitive SPHK1 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 2 nM and a K_i of 3.6 nM. PF-543 is >100-fold selectivity for SPHK1 over SPHK2. PF-543 is an effective potent inhibitor of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) formation in whole blood with an IC₅₀ of 26.7 nM. PF-543 induces apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy.

Olanzapine (LY170053) is a selective, orally active monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity binding to serotonin H1, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6 (K_i=7, 4, 11, 57, and 5 nM, respectively), dopamine D1-4 (K_i=11 to 31 nM), muscarinic M1-5 (K_i=1.9-25 nM), and adrenergic α1 receptor (K_i=19 nM). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic.

Nirogacestat (PF-3084014) is a reversible, orally bioavailable, noncompetitive, and selective γ-secretase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.2 nM. Inhibition of Notch signaling by Nirogacestat while minimizing gastrointestinal toxicity presents a promising approach for research of Notch receptor-dependent cancers.

Dipyridamole is an orally active phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Dipyridamole also is an antiplatelet agent used in secondary prophylaxis against stroke. Dipyridamole can induce cancer cell-specific apoptosis.

Calycosin is a compound that can be isolated from Radix Astragali. Calycosin has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-modulating effects. Calycosin can be used for the research of ovarian cancer and breast cancer.

Degarelix acetate (FE 200486) is a decapeptide that shows high affinity/selectivity to human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (IC₅₀ = 3 nM). Degarelix acetate Degarelix acetate (FE 200486) is used for the research of prostate cancer.

Wogonin is a naturally occurring mono-flavonoid, can inhibit the activity of CDK8 and Wnt, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

JTE-013 is a potent and specific S1P₂ (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate 2; EDG-5) antagonist. JTE-013 inhibits the specific binding of radiolabeled S1P to human and rat S1P₂ with IC₅₀s of 17 nM and 22 nM, respectively.

BMS-202 is a potent and nonpeptidic PD-1/PD-L1 complex inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 18 nM and a K_D of 8 μM. BMS-202 binds to PD-L1 and blocks human PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. BMS-202 has antitumor activity.

Rhosin hydrochloride is a potent, specific RhoA subfamily Rho GTPases inhibitor. Rhosin hydrochloride specifically binds to RhoA to inhibit RhoA-GEF interaction with a K_d of ~ 0.4 uM, and does not interact with Cdc42 or Rac1, nor the GEF, LARG. Rhosin hydrochloride induces cell apoptosis. Rhosin hydrochloride promotes stress resiliency through enhancing D1-MSN plasticity and reducing hyperexcitability.

Piperlongumine is a alkaloid, possesses ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities. Piperlongumine induces ROS, and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Piperlongumine shows anti-cardiac fibrosis activity, suppresses myofibroblast transformation via suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Piperlongumin could be used in the study of migrasome.

MG149 (Tip60 HAT inhibitor) is a selective and potent Tip60 inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 74 uM, similar potentcy for MOF (IC₅₀ = 47 uM); little potent for PCAF and p300 (IC₅₀ >200 uM). MG 149 inhibits KAT8 and blocks PINK1 kinase activity. MG149 inhibits the phosphorylation of Parkin and ubiquitin, thereby suppressing the initiation of PINK1-dependent mitophagy. MG 149 can reverse chronic restraint stress (CRS) induced hypertension and related molecular changes. MG 149 commonly used in research on diseases such as hypertension and Parkinson's disease.

Pitavastatin (NK-104) is a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin inhibits cholesterol synthesis from acetic acid with an IC₅₀ of 5.8 nM in HepG2 cells. Pitavastatin is an efficient hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor inducer. Pitavastatin also possesses anti-atherosclerotic, anti-asthmatic, anti-osteoarthritis, antineoplastic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and reno-protective effects.

Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.