Apoptosis Inducer

All-trans-retinal is an vitamin A metabolite in the retina, and is produced following photo-isomerization of the visual chromophore 11-cis-Retinal. All-trans-retinal is cleared from photoreceptors by ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA4) and all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH). All-trans-retinal induces Bax activation via DNA damage to mediate retinal cell apoptosis.

SCR7 pyrazine is a DNA ligase IV inhibitor that blocks nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) in a ligase IV-dependent manner. SCR7 pyrazine increases the efficiency of Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR). SCR7 pyrazine induces cell apoptosis and has anticancer activity.

Apremilast (CC-10004) is an orally available inhibitor of type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) with an IC₅₀ of 74 nM. Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an IC₅₀ of 104 nM.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (S-Adenosyl methionine) is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research.

ARV-771 is a BET PROTAC degrader, with K_d values of 34, 4.7, 8.3, 7.6, 9.6 and 7.6 nM against BRD2 (1), BRD2 (2), BRD3 (1), BRD3 (2), BRD4 (1) and BRD4 (2) , respectively. ARV-771 inhibits the transcription of AR/AR-v7 and its downstream target genes. By degrading BRD4 protein, ARV-771 enhances the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to ferroptosis, suppresses cancer cell viability, and induces apoptosis. ARV-771 downregulates the levels of BRD4, c-MYC and AR-V7 in tumor tissues and inhibits tumor tissue growth. ARV-771 can be used in prostate cancer-related research.

Larotrectinib (LOXO-101) is an ATP-competitive oral, selective inhibitor of the tropomyosin-related kinase (TRK) family receptors, with low nanomolar 50% inhibitory concentrations against all three isoforms (TRKA, B, and C).

SNS-032 (BMS-387032) is a potent and selective inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7, and CDK9 with IC₅₀s of 38 nM, 62 nM and 4 nM, respectively. SNS-032 has antitumor effect.

Telisotuzumab (ABT-700) is a bivalent humanized IgG1 anti-c-Met monoclonal antibody. Telisotuzumab binds cellular c-Met and disrupts its productive dimerization and activation induced by HGF or by the high density of c-Met on the cell surface independent of ligand. Telisotuzumab induces apoptosis. Telisotuzumab can be used for the study of cancers harboring amplified MET, such as gastric and lung cancers.

HA15 is a potent and specific inhibitor of ER chaperone BiP/GRP78/HSPA5, inhibits the ATPase activity of BiP, with anti-cancerous activity.

9-cis-Retinoic acid (ALRT1057), a vitamin A derivative, is a potent RAR/RXR agonist. 9-cis-Retinoic acid induces apoptosis, regulates cell cycle and has anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection activities.

Momelotinib (CYT387) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 with IC₅₀a of 11 nM and 18 nM,respectively. CYT387 shows much less activity against JAK3.

Lonafarnib (Sch66336) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier penetrant farnesyltransferase (FPTase) inhibitor. Lonafarnib increases the phosphorylation levels of Akt, CaMKII and CREB, upregulates BDNF expression in the hippocampus, elevates the content of α7nAChR on cell membranes, and blocks the isoprenylation of H-Ras. Lonafarnib repairs synapses and reverses spatial memory deficits in Aβ1-42 model mice. Lonafarnib inhibits RSV fusion and replication, and alleviates virus-induced lung injury. Lonafarnib activates the lysosomal and autophagic pathways, and reduces the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau. Lonafarnib acts synergistically with Sorafenib (HY-10201) to promote apoptosis, and inhibits the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells. Lonafarnib inhibits the farnesylation of progerin, repairs nuclear membrane defects, and activates the cGAS-STING-STAT1 signaling pathway. Lonafarnib can be used in research related to diseases including Alzheimer's disease, viral infections, melanoma, and progeria.

DB2313 is a potent inhibitor of transcription factor PU.1. DB2313 inhibits PU.1-dependent reporter gene transactivation with an IC₅₀ of 5 μM. DB2313 disrupts the interaction of PU.1 with target gene promoters. DB2313 induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and has anticancer effects.

GGTI298 Trifluoroacetate is a CAAZ peptidomimetic geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) inhibitor, which can inhibit Rap1A with IC₅₀ of 3 μM; little effect on Ha-Ras with IC₅₀ of >20 μM.

Barasertib-HQPA (AZD2811) is a highly selective Aurora B inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.37 nM in a cell-free assay. Barasertib-HQPA (AZD2811) induces growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.

Demecolcine is a potent mitotic inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 2.4 μM for inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Colcemid (Demecolcine) can interact with tubulin dimers to induce anti-mitotic action and inhibit microtubule growth. Colcemid (Demecolcine) can be used for inflammatory disorders and cancer research.

6-Thioguanine (Thioguanine; 2-Amino-6-purinethiol) is an anti-leukemia and immunosuppressant agent, acts as an inhibitor of SARS and MERS coronavirus papain-like proteases (PLpros) and also potently inhibits USP2 activity, with IC₅₀s of 25 μM and 40 μM for Plpros and recombinant human USP2, respectively.

MRT-2359 is an orally active and selective GSPT1 molecular glue degrader, with a DC₅₀ of 5 nM. MRT-2359 induces CRBN/GSPT1 ternary complex formation to drive CRBN- and degron-dependent proteasomal GSPT1 degradation, with selectivity for wild-type GSPT1 over the GSPT1^G575N mutant. MRT-2359 disrupts protein translation, induces ribosome stalling, downregulates MYC family proteins and their transcriptional output, reduces proliferation, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. MRT-2359 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), neuroendocrine lung cancer, high grade neuroendocrine cancers, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, and MYC-driven solid tumors.

Elironrasib is an orally active and covalent inhibitor of KRAS^G12C(ON). Elironrasib forms a tri-complex within tumor cells between KRAS^G12C(ON) and cyclophilin A (CypA). Thus, Elironrasib prevents KRAS^G12C(ON) from signaling via steric blockade of RAS effector binding. Elironrasib inhibits ERK signaling and induced apoptosis in KRASG12C-mutant H358 cells. Elironrasib also inhibits the proliferation of KRAS^G12C mutant cells with a median IC₅₀ of 0.11 nM.

Polydatin (Piceid), extracted from the roots of Reynoutria japonica, a widely used traditional Chinese remedies, possesses anti-inflammatory activity in several experimental models. Polydatin (Piceid) inhibits G6PD and induces oxidative and ER stresses.