IL-4 Modulator

Oxazolone is a haptenizing agent that induces acute or chronic inflammation of the large intestine and is used to construct models of colitis. Oxazolone can cause Th1/Th2-dependent colitis with weight loss and diarrhea. Oxazolone-induced inflammation can be mitigated by neutralizing anti-IL-4 or anti-TNF-α antibodies or decoy IL-13R2-α-FC proteins.

Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.

Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity is an orally active Dectin-1 splice variant modulator, glucose absorption inhibitor, and chyme viscosity enhancer. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity inhibits particulate β-glucan-induced Dectin-1A activation and mildly suppresses Dectin-1B activation. In human dendritic cells stimulated with particulate β-glucan, Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity reduces the production of IL-10 and TNF-α, and increases the production of IL-4 and IL-23. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity also supports antifungal immune responses without activating TLR2, TLR4 or TLR5, and does not induce cytokine production when used to stimulate human dendritic cells alone. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity increases small intestinal chyme viscosity, gets degraded in the large intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids, reduces glucose absorption and insulin response, and improves glucose homeostasis. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity supports microbial fermentation and the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, prevents bile acid reabsorption, and delays starch digestion. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and metabolic syndrome.

Graveoline (Rutamine) is an orally active alkaloid with various activities such as antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. Graveoline can induce tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy through a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. Graveoline has an MIC of 500 μg/mL for Candida albicans. Graveoline can be used in the research of various diseases such as tumors and liver injury.

Ginsenoside F3 is a saponin extracted from the leaves of Panax ginseng with immunoenhancing and antitumor immunostimulatory activities. Ginsenoside F3 upregulates RIPOR2 with a K_d value of 3.77 μM. Ginsenoside F3 enhances NF‑κB activation, upregulates T‑bet and downregulates GATA‑3, increases the production of IL‑2 and IFN‑γ, decreases the production of IL‑4 and IL‑10, reverses CD8⁺ T‑cell exhaustion, restores cytokine secretion, and enhances antitumor immunity in a mouse non‑small cell lung cancer model. Ginsenoside F3 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer.

(E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate) is a phenolic compound and derivative of Cinnamic acid (HY-N0610A). (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate can be found in several plants, such as the leaves of Allium cepa and Morinda citrifolia L. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate, when combined with Carnosic acid (HY-N0644), induces Apoptosis. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate inhibits GSK3β activity and modulates inflammatory cytokine levels (increasing IL-10 and decreasing IL-4). (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate combined with Carnosic acid exhibits anticancer effects against acute myeloid leukemia. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate ameliorates Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection.

MR-39 is a FPR2 agonist (EC₅₀ = 3.9 μM). MR-39 activates FPR2 to promote neuroinflammation resolution (downregulates IL-1β and TNF-α, modulates NF-κB), upregulates synaptic proteins (synaptic proteins) and improves dendritic spine morphology. MR-39 inhibits MAPK/ERK and AKT phosphorylation in glioblastoma, induces S-phase arrest, and suppresses migration, angiogenesis, and hypoxic adaptation. MR-39 reduces Aβ plaque burden via inhibiting MyD88/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. MR-39 can be used for research on autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and glioblastoma.

(E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (HY-N2492). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate) is a phenolic compound and derivative of Cinnamic acid (HY-N0610A). (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate can be found in several plants, such as the leaves of Allium cepa and Morinda citrifolia L. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate, when combined with Carnosic acid (HY-N0644), induces Apoptosis. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate inhibits GSK3β activity and modulates inflammatory cytokine levels (increasing IL-10 and decreasing IL-4). (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate combined with Carnosic acid exhibits anticancer effects against acute myeloid leukemia. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate ameliorates Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection.