Art. -Nr.: HY-N0108

Physcion

Name: Physcion
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0108
Price: 35.00 USD
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(Synonyms: Parietin; Rheochrysidin)

11 Cited Publications

Kundenbewertung

Based on 11 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Physcion (Parietin), an anthraquinone derivative derived from the traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb, is an effective oral active 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibitor with blood-brain barrier permeability, with IC₅₀ and K_d values of 38.5 μM and 26.0 μM, respectively. Additionally, Physcion is an inhibitor of the <>bTLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer effects, and can induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in cancer cells.

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Reinheit : 99.40%
CAS. Nr.: 521-61-9
Formel: C₁₆H₁₂O₅
Molecular Weight:284.26

Speicherung:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Physcion Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 521-61-9

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (11)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
Protokoll (11)
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

IC₅₀ & Target

TLR4

Alle Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle NF-κB Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

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Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	>100 μg/mL Compound: 6	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26995526]
A549	IC₅₀	1.5 μM Compound: 80	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 33691166]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	19 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp under-expressing human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp under-expressing human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17949858]
HepG2	IC₅₀	77.3 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp overexpressing human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp overexpressing human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17949858]
HepG2 2.2.15	IC₅₀	300 μg/mL Compound: 53	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV DNA production Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV DNA production	[PMID: 24549242]
HepG2 2.2.15	IC₅₀	300 μg/mL Compound: 53	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV e antigen secretion Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV e antigen secretion	[PMID: 24549242]
HepG2 2.2.15	IC₅₀	300 μg/mL Compound: 53	Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV surface antigen secretion Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV surface antigen secretion	[PMID: 24549242]
HT-29	IC₅₀	>100 μg/mL Compound: 6	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26995526]
HUVEC	IC₅₀	>100 μg/mL Compound: 6	Antiproliferative activity against human HUVEC cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HUVEC cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26995526]
KB	ED₅₀	1.55 μg/mL Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	10.1021/np50085a021
MCF7	IC₅₀	>100 μg/mL Compound: 6	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26995526]
NCI-H157	IC₅₀	3 μM Compound: 80	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H157 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H157 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 33691166]
PLC-PRF-5	ED₅₀	1.44 μg/mL Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells Cytotoxicity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells	10.1021/np50085a021

In Vitro

Physcion (10 or 20 μM, 48 h) induces apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE2 cells)^[2].
Physcion (10-40 μM, 24 h) attenuates OGD/R (oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion)-induced neuronal damage and inflammatory response in SH-SY5Y cells^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

The nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2
Concentration:

10 or 20 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Induced apoptosis in CNE2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

The nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2
Concentration:

10 or 20 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Significantly increased the level of LC3B-II, which means physcion induced autophagy in CNE2 cells.

Western Blot Analysis^[3]

View Protocol

Cell Line:

Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced SH-SY5Y cells
Concentration:

40 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly reversed the OGD/R-induced upregulation of TLR4, p-p65, and p-IκB expression.

In Vivo

Physcion (20 or 40 mg/kg, p.o., once daily for 7 days) exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in an ischemia-reperfusion-induced SD rat model^[3].
Physcion (4 or 9 mg/kg, p.o., once daily for 6 days) effectively alleviates infection symptoms caused by Chlamydia psittaci 6 BCE in SPF chickens^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced focal cerebral ischemia model in SD rats^[3]
Dosage:

20 or 40 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.), once daily for 7 days
Result:

Significantly reduced the brain water content and the NSS (Neurological Severity Score) in I/R rats, compared to I/R group.
Obviously decreased areas of infarction compared to I/R group.

Animal Model:

SPF chickens (21 days old) infected intra-laryngeally with Chlamydia psittaci 6 BCE^[4]
Dosage:

4 or 9 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.), once daily for 6 days
Result:

Dose-dependently alleviated respiratory distress, air sac and lung lesions, and bacterial load in the spleen in infected chickens.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 521-61-9
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 284.26
Formel C₁₆H₁₂O₅
SMILES

O=C1C2=C(C=C(C)C=C2O)C(C3=CC(OC)=CC(O)=C13)=O
Synonyms

Parietin; Rheochrysidin
Structure Classification
- Quinones
- Anthraquinones
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
- Marine natural products
- Marine microorganism
- Microorganisms
Microsporum sp;Teloschistes flavicans
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (11)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayFlow CytometryWBIFIn Vivo Efficacy Study

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Journal Impact Factor

Mol Cancer

Inhibition of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth and enhances the anti-tumor effects of metformin via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 26;24(1):97. PMID: 40140842

Physcion purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2025 Mar 26;24(1):97. [Abstract]

The cell viability of KYSE-30 and KYSE-410 cells was evaluated after treatment with various concentrations of Physcion (20, 40, 60, 80 μM) for 24 to 72 h.

Physcion purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2025 Mar 26;24(1):97. [Abstract]

Intracellular ROS levels in ESCC cells fluctuated after 48 h of Physcion (20, 40 μM) treatment.

Physcion purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2025 Mar 26;24(1):97. [Abstract]

Western blot analysis revealed a reduction in CDK2 protein expression in ESCC cells following Physcion (20, 40 μM) treatment.

Physcion purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2025 Mar 26;24(1):97. [Abstract]

The effect of Physcion (20, 40 μM) on DNA synthesis in ESCC cells was detected using an EdU staining assay.

Physcion purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2025 Mar 26;24(1):97. [Abstract]

Effects of physcion combined with metformin on the growth of ESCC in vivo. The changes in body weight and tumor volume in nude mice after administration of Physcion (20 mg/kg) and Metformin (200 mg/kg) as single drugs or in combination.
Cancer Lett

6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase promotes glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis by inhibiting the AMPK pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 1:601:217177. PMID: 39179096
Chin Herb Med

2026 Jun 19.
J Ethnopharmacol

Physcion alleviates ulcerative colitis by upregulating SIRT3 to suppress PANoptosis via inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May 27:121893. PMID: 42202913
Drug Des Devel Ther

Physcion Protects Rats Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of TLR4/NF-kB Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 25:15:277-287. PMID: 33536742
Exp Eye Res

2026 Jul 28:271:111186. PMID: 42521072
Biomed Res Int

Anti-influenza A Virus Effects and Mechanisms of Emodin and Its Analogs via Regulating PPAR α/ γ-AMPK-SIRT1 Pathway and Fatty Acid Metabolism. [Abstract]

2021 Sep 9;2021:9066938. PMID: 34540999
World J Gastrointest Oncol

Physcion increases the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib through miRNA-370/PIM1 axis-regulated glycolysis. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 15;15(8):1400-1411. PMID: 37663938
Drug Chem Toxicol

Physcion alleviates cisplatin-induced apo in HK-2 cells by activating the apo signaling for treating acute kidney injury: Integrating network pharmacology and informatics. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 14:1-9. PMID: 41084754
Curr Eye Res

Hyperosmolar potassium inhibits corneal myofibroblast transformation and prevent corneal scar. [Abstract]

2023 Mar;48(3):238-250. PMID: 36149345
Authorea

September 07, 2022.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

THF : 2.5 mg/mL (8.79 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

DMF : 1 mg/mL (3.52 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Ethanol : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.5179 mL

17.5895 mL

35.1791 mL

5 mM

0.7036 mL

3.5179 mL

7.0358 mL

10 mM

---

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Protokoll

All Signal Pathway Related Cell Biology

Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
Autophagy
Autophagy is a process in which eukaryotic cells use lysosomes to degrade their own cytoplasmic proteins and damaged organelles under the regulation of autophagy related gene (Atg). Microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 (LC3) is recognized as autophagy marker, which transfers from cytoplasmic LC3 (LC3-I) to membrane type (LC3-II). LC3-II/I ratio could be detected by Western Blot and fluorescence microscopy.
Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance assay
TEER measures electrical resistance across epithelial or endothelial monolayers cultured on permeable supports, and the readout reflects ionic conductance through the cell barrier, especially the paracellular pathway regulated by junctional integrity. TEER can be measured without destroying the monolayer and is commonly used before or during transport, permeability, barrier-disruption, and barrier-maturation experiments. TEER values are influenced by biological maturation and technical conditions; reported factors include temperature, medium formulation, passage number, electrode geometry, membrane properties, and junctional length during early monolayer maturation. Therefore, TEER should be interpreted with blank-insert subtraction, area normalization, repeated readings, and, when possible, orthogonal barrier readouts such as FITC-dextran flux or tight-junction staining.
Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Lysosome and acidic-vesicle live-cell staining
Lysosome and acidic-vesicle live-cell staining detects acidic intracellular compartments by using membrane-permeant acidotropic probes that accumulate in low-pH vesicles, including lysosomes, late endosomes, autolysosomes, and acidic phagosomes. LysoTracker staining is commonly used as an intensity-based readout of acidic lysosomal compartment abundance or enlargement, while acridine orange produces green fluorescence in less concentrated compartments and red fluorescence after concentration-dependent accumulation in acidic vesicular organelles. Loss or reduction of acridine-orange red signal can be used as a readout of lysosomal membrane permeabilization or reduced acidic-vesicle integrity. This protocol is designed for live cultured cells and can be adapted for fluorescence microscopy, high-content imaging, plate-reader readout, or flow cytometry when the selected literature supports the readout. Because these dyes report acidotropic accumulation rather than lysosome identity alone,
Macroautophagy Solutions
Macroautophagy is a conserved lysosome-dependent degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic material is sequestered into double-membrane autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. The pathway supports cellular homeostasis during nutrient limitation, organelle stress, protein-aggregate accumulation, infection, differentiation, and tissue remodeling by coupling cargo sequestration, autophagosome maturation, lysosomal fusion, and degradation of cargo-derived macromolecules. The core molecular sequence includes initiation by nutrient- and stress-regulated autophagy machinery, autophagosome nucleation, LC3/ATG8-family conjugation to autophagosomal membranes, cargo selection through receptors such as SQSTM1/p62, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and lysosomal degradation. LC3 was identified as a mammalian homolog of yeast Atg8 that localizes to autophagosomal membranes after processing, and p62/SQSTM1 was shown to connect ubiquitinated cargo with autophagic degradati

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (281 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Lin R, et al. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling. Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Nov;17(11):1484-96. [Content Brief]

[2]. Pang MJ, et al. Physcion, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016 Dec;37(12):1623-1640. [Content Brief]

[3]. Dong X, et al. Physcion Protects Rats Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of TLR4/NF-kB Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021 Jan 25;15:277-287. [Content Brief]

[4]. Liu X, et al. Physcion, a novel anthraquinone derivative against Chlamydia psittaci infection. Vet Microbiol. 2023 Apr;279:109664. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109664. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMF / THF	1 mM	3.5179 mL	17.5895 mL	35.1791 mL	87.9477 mL
THF	5 mM	0.7036 mL	3.5179 mL	7.0358 mL	17.5895 mL

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Physcion

11 Cited Publications

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Physcion

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Physcion

Alle Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen

Alle NF-κB Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen

Alle Antibiotic Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen