Cat. No.: HY-N7088

Raffinose

(Synonyms: Melitose)

1 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Raffinose (Melitose) regulates intestinal flora, inhibits TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway, and activates Nrf2 signaling pathway. Raffinose exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. Raffinose is orally active.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.0%
CAS No.: 512-69-6
Formula: C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆
Molecular Weight:504.44

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Raffinose Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 512-69-6

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (1)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

IC50: short-chain oligosaccharide^[1]

All NF-κB Isoforms :

All Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoforms :

In Vitro

Raffinose (0-200 mM, 48 h) enhances the autophagic flux of HaCaT cells, reduces the LDH release, and protects HaCaT cell from UVB-induced damage^[2].
Raffinose (0-10 mM, 24 h) regulates the expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins, alleviates lipid accumulation in Oleic acid (HY-N1446)-induced AML12 cell^[3].
Raffinose (0-10 mM, 24 h) activates the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, inhibits Oleic acid (HY-N1446)-induced pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome formation in AML12 cell^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

HaCaT
Concentration:

0-200 mM
Incubation Time:

12 h
Result:

Induced LC3-II accumulation.

Western Blot Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

AML12
Concentration:

0-10 mM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Upregulated the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GPX4.
Downregulated the expressions of COX2, iNOS, HMGB1, TNF-α, and IL-6.

In Vivo

Raffinose (100-400 mg/kg, po, once daily for 21 days) improves oxidative stress, regulates immune responses, improves intestinal flora imbalance, and ameliorates DSS (HY-116282C)-induced colitis symptoms in mouse models^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

DSS (HY-116282C)-induced colitis symptoms in mouse models^[1]
Dosage:

100-400 mg/kg
Administration:

po, once daily for 21 days
Result:

Improved weight loss, shortened colon length, inflammation and tissue damage.
Increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum and reduced MDA levels.
Increased levels of serum immunoglobulins and IL-2, reduced levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 512-69-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 504.44
Formula C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆
Color White to off-white
SMILES

OC[C@]1(O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO[C@H]3O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO
Synonyms

Melitose
Structure Classification
- Saccharides
- Polysaccharides
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (1)

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Journal Impact Factor

Autophagy

The Valsa mali effector Vm1G-1794 protects the aggregated MdEF-Tu from autophagic degradation to promote infection in apple. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;19(6):1745-1763. PMID: 36449354

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 250 mg/mL (495.60 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (198.24 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.9824 mL

9.9120 mL

19.8240 mL

5 mM

0.3965 mL

1.9824 mL

3.9648 mL

10 mM

0.1982 mL

0.9912 mL

1.9824 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 50 mg/mL (99.12 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (285 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Zhang P, et al., Raffinose Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Targeting the Inflammatory TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Foods. 2024 Jun 13;13(12):1849. [Content Brief]

[2]. Lin S, et al., Raffinose increases autophagy and reduces cell death in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2019 Dec;201:111653. [Content Brief]

[3]. Liu J, et al., Targeting antioxidant factor Nrf2 by raffinose ameliorates lipid dysmetabolism-induced pyroptosis, inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD. Phytomedicine. 2024 Jul 25;130:155756. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	1.9824 mL	9.9120 mL	19.8240 mL	49.5599 mL
	5 mM	0.3965 mL	1.9824 mL	3.9648 mL	9.9120 mL
	10 mM	0.1982 mL	0.9912 mL	1.9824 mL	4.9560 mL
	15 mM	0.1322 mL	0.6608 mL	1.3216 mL	3.3040 mL
	20 mM	0.0991 mL	0.4956 mL	0.9912 mL	2.4780 mL
	25 mM	0.0793 mL	0.3965 mL	0.7930 mL	1.9824 mL
	30 mM	0.0661 mL	0.3304 mL	0.6608 mL	1.6520 mL
	40 mM	0.0496 mL	0.2478 mL	0.4956 mL	1.2390 mL
	50 mM	0.0396 mL	0.1982 mL	0.3965 mL	0.9912 mL
	60 mM	0.0330 mL	0.1652 mL	0.3304 mL	0.8260 mL
	80 mM	0.0248 mL	0.1239 mL	0.2478 mL	0.6195 mL
	100 mM	0.0198 mL	0.0991 mL	0.1982 mL	0.4956 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Raffinose

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Raffinose

All NF-κB Isoforms

All Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (1)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation