Art. -Nr.: HY-Y0271

Urea

(Synonyms: Carbonyl diamide)

6 Cited Publications

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Based on 6 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.

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Reinheit: 99.84%
CAS. Nr.: 57-13-6
Formel: CH₄N₂O
Molecular Weight:60.06

Speicherung:

Store at room temperature 3 years.

In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Urea Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 57-13-6

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Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (6)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms^[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent^[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function^[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

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Alle ERK Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

In Vitro

Urea (550-1000 mosmol/kg, 24 h) inhibits the proliferation of murine inner medullary collecting duct cell mIMCD3, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, induces apoptosis in mIMCD3^[4].
Urea (5-300 mM, 1 h) increases protein carbonylation, causes oxidative stress and DNA damage (especially 8-oxoguanine damage) in mIMCD3 cells^[5].
Urea (0-100 mM, 18 h) post-transcriptionally reversibly inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO synthesis in RAW264.7, causes macrophage dysfunction and affects the host's immune defense mechanism^[6].
Urea (200 mM, 5 min) increases phosphorylation of MEK1 and MEK2, causes the activation of ERK in mIMCD3 cells^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Cycle Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

mIMCD3
Concentration:

550-1000 mosmol/kg
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase.

Western Blot Analysis^[5]

Cell Line:

mIMCD3
Concentration:

300 mM
Incubation Time:

15 min
Result:

Increased the carbonylation of 36 kDa and 70 kDa proteins.

In Vivo

Urea (30 g/kg, continuous iv infusion, 2-14 days) induces osmotic diuresis, and causes diabetic nephropathy in rats models^[8].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Wistar rats^[8]
Dosage:

30 g/kg
Administration:

continuous iv infusion, 2-14 days
Result:

Increased kidney weight, renal protein content and glomerular hyperfiltration in rats.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 57-13-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 60.06
Formel CH₄N₂O
Color White to off-white
SMILES

NC(N)=O
Synonyms

Carbonyl diamide
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
- Endogenous metabolite
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (6)

All

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Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

Arginase 1 drives mitochondrial cristae remodeling and PANoptosis in ischemia/hypoxia-induced vascular dysfunction. [Abstract]

2025 May 28;10(1):167. PMID: 40425583
Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Autophagy

The Valsa mali effector Vm1G-1794 protects the aggregated MdEF-Tu from autophagic degradation to promote infection in apple. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;19(6):1745-1763. PMID: 36449354
Biomed Pharmacother

Pharmacokinetic profiling of ZCL-278, a cdc42 inhibitor, and its effectiveness against chronic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 23:179:117329. PMID: 39180793
Commun Chem

Stepped collisional energy improves protein acylation identification by eliminating positional bias of cyclic immonium ions. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 9. PMID: 41366033
Microb Pathog

Covalent sortase A inhibitor, α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, prevents Staphylococcus aureus infection. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 21:107472. PMID: 40122408

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (1665.00 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (1665.00 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

16.6500 mL

83.2501 mL

166.5002 mL

5 mM

3.3300 mL

16.6500 mL

33.3000 mL

10 mM

1.6650 mL

8.3250 mL

16.6500 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (41.63 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (41.63 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (41.63 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (1665.00 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Bennion BJ, et al. The molecular basis for the chemical denaturation of proteins by urea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 29;100(9):5142-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Pan M, et al. Urea: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature. Dermatol Online J. 2013 Nov 15;19(11):20392. [Content Brief]

[3]. Wang H, et al. Urea. Subcell Biochem. 2014;73:7-29. [Content Brief]

[4]. Michea L, et al., Cell cycle delay and apoptosis are induced by high salt and urea in renal medullary cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Feb;278(2):F209-18. [Content Brief]

[5]. Zhang Z, et al. High urea and NaCl carbonylate proteins in renal cells in culture and in vivo, and high urea causes 8-oxoguanine lesions in their DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 22;101(25):9491-6. [Content Brief]

[6]. Prabhakar SS, et al., Urea inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophage cell line. Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6):C1882-8. [Content Brief]

[7]. Yang XY, et al., ERK activation by urea in the renal inner medullary mIMCD3 cell line. Am J Physiol. 1999 Aug;277(2):F176-85. [Content Brief]

[8]. Ogino Y, et al., Effects of chronic, urea-induced osmotic diuresis on kidney weight and function in rats. Diabetologia. 1994 Mar;37(3):225-31. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	16.6500 mL	83.2501 mL	166.5002 mL	416.2504 mL
	5 mM	3.3300 mL	16.6500 mL	33.3000 mL	83.2501 mL
	10 mM	1.6650 mL	8.3250 mL	16.6500 mL	41.6250 mL
	15 mM	1.1100 mL	5.5500 mL	11.1000 mL	27.7500 mL
	20 mM	0.8325 mL	4.1625 mL	8.3250 mL	20.8125 mL
	25 mM	0.6660 mL	3.3300 mL	6.6600 mL	16.6500 mL
	30 mM	0.5550 mL	2.7750 mL	5.5500 mL	13.8750 mL
	40 mM	0.4163 mL	2.0813 mL	4.1625 mL	10.4063 mL
	50 mM	0.3330 mL	1.6650 mL	3.3300 mL	8.3250 mL
	60 mM	0.2775 mL	1.3875 mL	2.7750 mL	6.9375 mL
	80 mM	0.2081 mL	1.0406 mL	2.0813 mL	5.2031 mL
	100 mM	0.1665 mL	0.8325 mL	1.6650 mL	4.1625 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Urea

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Urea

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