Verapamil hydrochloride
Based on 95 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Verapamil hydrochloride ((±)-Verapamil hydrochloride) is a calcium channel blocker and a potent and orally active first-generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Verapamil hydrochloride also inhibits CYP3A4. Verapamil hydrochloride has the potential for high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias and angina research.
Nur für Forschungszwecke. Wir verkaufen nicht an Patienten.
- Reinheit : 99.98%
- CAS. Nr.: 152-11-4
- Formel: C27H39ClN2O4
- Molecular Weight:491.06
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Speicherung:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Verapamil hydrochloride
More- Cancer Cell. 2017 Apr 10;31(4):501-515.e8. [Abstract]
- Adv Mater. 2023 Nov;35(45):e2211980. [Abstract]
- Bioact Mater. 2021 Apr 21;6(11):4073-4082. [Abstract]
- Cell Stem Cell. 2023 Apr 6;30(4):378-395.e8. [Abstract]
- Adv Funct Mater. 2025 May 5.
- Adv Funct Mater. 2025 May 15.
- Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 19;15(1):5230. [Abstract]
- Interdiscip Med. 2025 Sep 1;3(5):e70053.
- MedComm (2020). 2025 Nov 29;6(12):e70517. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Feb 17;7(2):102591. [Abstract]
- Research (Wash D C). 2024 Mar 11:7:0335. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2026 Mar 26;17(1):381. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Jun 13;22(1):325. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Nov 25:148:157421. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2019 Mar 15:56:175-182. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Anal. 2020 Apr;10(2):178-186. [Abstract]
- eGastroenterology. 2026 Mar 31;4(1):e100348. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2026 Mar 31:228:118352. [Abstract]
- JHEP Rep. 2026 May 5.
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Sep:222:229-243. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2026 Mar 17:117063. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 5;44(12):116659. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Oct;178(20):4155-4175. [Abstract]
- Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2026.
- J Med Chem. 2021 Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Feb 16;21(1):108. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2024 Mar 25;22(3):e3002565. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 May 12:347:119803. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2026 Sep 15:323:120565.
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Mar 15:249:117903. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 12;242(Pt 2):117233. [Abstract]
- Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Jun;31(3):1511-1527. [Abstract]
- Food Funct. 2021 Sep 20;12(18):8440-8453. [Abstract]
- Pharm Biol. 2019 Dec;57(1):477-484. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2025 Jan 21.
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Apr 15:969:176431. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Dec 5:936:175343. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 15:911:174552. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2026 Jan;27(6):2534.
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 6;26(1):412. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 22;25(21):11346. [Abstract]
- Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Jul 26;11(8):1005. [Abstract]
- Biol Res. 2026 Feb 8;59(1):17. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2026 Nov:526:154543.
- Mol Pharm. 2025 Feb 3;22(2):733-746. [Abstract]
- Cell Calcium. 2020 May:87:102171. [Abstract]
- Cancer Sci. 2018 Apr;109(4):1135-1146. [Abstract]
- Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2026 Jan;216(Pt 1):106791. [Abstract]
- Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2022 Aug:186:105170. [Abstract]
- Cancers (Basel). 2021 Aug 6;13(16):3978. [Abstract]
- Neurochem Res. 2023 May;48(5):1424-1437. [Abstract]
- Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2024 Oct:284:109980. [Abstract]
- FEBS J. 2024 Jul;291(14):3249-3266. [Abstract]
- BMC Cancer. 2025 Jan 7;25(1):24. [Abstract]
- Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Jan 11;12(1):e0251023. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res Commun. 2024 Apr 9;4(4):1024-1040. [Abstract]
- Life. 2026 Jun 11;16(6):984. [Abstract]
- J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Feb 19;19(1):147. [Abstract]
- Drug Metab Dispos. 2026 Jul 14;54(8):100365.
- Drug Metab Dispos. 2025 Nov;53(11):100172. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Apr 1:368:18-25. [Abstract]
- Cell Biochem Funct. 2026 Apr;44(4):e70214. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019 Aug 20:494:110490. [Abstract]
- Antivir Ther. 2025 Oct;30(5):13596535251377204. [Abstract]
- S Afr J Bot. 2026 Feb 9.
- Chem Biodivers. 2026 Apr;23(4):e01952. [Abstract]
- Biomed Res Int. 2021 May 14:2021:5565748. [Abstract]
- J Nat Med. 2025 Apr 8. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2022 Feb;10(1):e00928. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026 Jun 18:818:153767. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 Jan 8:691:149314. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Jan 15;521(3):596-602. [Abstract]
- Braz J Med Biol Res. 2024 Jul 1:57:e13357. [Abstract]
- Biomed Chromatogr. 2024 Oct;38(10):e5984. [Abstract]
- Xenobiotica. 2019 Dec;49(12):1485-1493. [Abstract]
- Pak J Pharm Sci. 2022 Mar;35(2):587-594. [Abstract]
- Pak J Pharm Sci. 2022 Mar;35(2):571-578. [Abstract]
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. 2026.
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 11.
- SSRN. 2025 Oct 22.
- SSRN. 2025 Jun 3.
- medRxiv. 2025 May 21.
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Nov:180:117603. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Nov:180:117568. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2024 Jun 4.
- Preprints. 2024 Jun 12.
- Université de Lausanne. 2024 Feb 7.
- Research Square Print. 2022.
- SSRN. 8 Nov 2022
- Research Square Preprint. 2020 Dec.
- Research Square Preprint. 2020 Oct.
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Sep:129:110506. [Abstract]
- Charles University. 2019.
- Toxicol Res Appl. 2018, 2:239784731880115.
- Toxicol Res Appl. September 25, 2018.
Customer Validation & Images
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Biologische Aktivität
Beschreibung
IC50 & Target
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CYP3 |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHO | IC50 |
0.2 μM
Compound: Verapamil hydrochloride
|
Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells assessed as reduction in peak channel current by IonWork patch-clamp electrophysiology method
Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells assessed as reduction in peak channel current by IonWork patch-clamp electrophysiology method
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[PMID: 30562027] |
| K562 | IC50 |
100 μM
Compound: VRP
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Cytotoxicity against cell line K562 determined by MTT test
Cytotoxicity against cell line K562 determined by MTT test
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[PMID: 12431060] |
| K562 | IC50 |
100 μM
Compound: VRP
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Cytotoxicity against cell line K562i/S9 and pgp determined by MTT test
Cytotoxicity against cell line K562i/S9 and pgp determined by MTT test
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[PMID: 12431060] |
| Platelet | IC50 |
577.5 μM
Compound: Verapamil hydrochloride
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Antimigraine activity in bovine citreated platelet assessed as inhibition of [14C]serotonin release after 6 mins by scintillation counting
Antimigraine activity in bovine citreated platelet assessed as inhibition of [14C]serotonin release after 6 mins by scintillation counting
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[PMID: 1431933] |
| Platelet | IC50 |
770.2 μM
Compound: Verapamil hydrochloride
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Antimigraine activity in human citreated platelet assessed as inhibition of [14C]serotonin release after 6 mins by scintillation counting
Antimigraine activity in human citreated platelet assessed as inhibition of [14C]serotonin release after 6 mins by scintillation counting
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[PMID: 1431933] |
In Vitro
The EverFluor FL Verapamil (EFV) uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells is inhibited by cationic drugs, and inhibits by verapamil in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 98.0 μM[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. .
In Vivo
Verapamil is injected i.v. into a femoral vein prior to ischemia. Verapamil (1 mg/kg) significantly decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias including premature ventricular contractions (PVC), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) for 45-min coronary artery occlusion. Total arrhythmia scores are significantly increased when the heart is subjected to ischemia. Verapamil (1 mg/kg) significantly prevents the enhancement of total arrhythmia scores induced by ischemia[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS. Nr. 152-11-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 491.06
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Formel C27H39ClN2O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
[H]Cl.COC1=CC=C(C(C#N)(C(C)C)CCCN(CCC2=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)C)C=C1OC
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Synonyms
(±)-Verapamil hydrochloride; CP-16533-1 hydrochloride
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Versand
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Speicherung
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (95)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cancer Cell
Eradication of Tumors through Simultaneous Ablation of CD276/B7-H3-Positive Tumor Cells and Tumor Vasculature. [Abstract]2017 Apr 10;31(4):501-515.e8. PMID: 28399408 -
Adv Mater
Hydrophobicity-Adaptive Polymers Trigger Fission of Tumor-Cell-Derived Microparticles for Enhanced Anticancer Drug Delivery. [Abstract]2023 Nov;35(45):e2211980. PMID: 37755231 -
Bioact Mater
Improved activity of MC3T3-E1 cells by the exciting piezoelectric BaTiO3/TC4 using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. [Abstract]2021 Apr 21;6(11):4073-4082. PMID: 33997494
Verapamil hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bioact Mater. 2021 Apr 21;6(11):4073-4082. [Abstract]
Intracellular calcium fluorescence staining of MC3T3-E1 cells on day 1 in a blank and samples inhibited by Verapamil (10 μmol/L, 24 h) or SKF-96365 (10 μmol/L, 24 h).
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Cell Stem Cell
Harnessing matrix stiffness to engineer a bone marrow niche for hematopoietic stem cell rejuvenation. [Abstract]2023 Apr 6;30(4):378-395.e8. PMID: 37028404 -
Verapamil hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Funct Mater. 2025 May 5.
Cytosolic Ca2+ fluorescence images of BMSCs before and after inhibition of L-type calcium channels with Verapamil (10 μmol/L).
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Verapamil hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Funct Mater. 2025 May 15.
Verapamil (20 μM; 5 days). Western blotting of ERK and P-ERK levels in NSCs of the Control, Nanoelectrode+MF with Verapamil, and Nanoelectrode+MF groups.
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Nat Commun
Small molecule in situ resin capture provides a compound first approach to natural product discovery. [Abstract]2024 Jun 19;15(1):5230. PMID: 38898025 -
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MedComm (2020)
KSQ-4279, an Inhibitor of Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 1, Enhanced the Chemotherapeutic Efficacy in ABCB1/ABCG2/ABCC1-Mediated Multidrug Resistant Cancers. [Abstract]2025 Nov 29;6(12):e70517. PMID: 41328326 -
Cell Rep Med
Synergistic mechanical and therapeutic modulation of engineered tumor cell-derived microparticles for enhanced cancer treatment. [Abstract]2026 Feb 17;7(2):102591. PMID: 41666924 -
Research (Wash D C)
Hyperbaric Oxygen Boosts Antitumor Efficacy of Copper-Diethyldithiocarbamate Nanoparticles against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Regulating Cancer Stem Cell Metabolism. [Abstract]2024 Mar 11:7:0335. PMID: 38766644 -
Cell Death Dis
Generation of proliferative hESC-derived grape-clustered hepatocyte organoids with multipolar architecture as regenerative counterpart via synergy of YAP and IGF2 pathways. [Abstract]2026 Mar 26;17(1):381. PMID: 41888105 -
Cell Commun Signal
BI-2865, a pan-KRAS inhibitor, reverses the P-glycoprotein induced multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2024 Jun 13;22(1):325. PMID: 38872211 -
Phytomedicine
Membrane cholesterol-dependent dual VEGFR2/FGFR1 inhibition by ginsenoside Rg3 to overcome gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. [Abstract]2025 Nov 25:148:157421. PMID: 41192258 -
Phytomedicine
Potential detoxification effect of active ingredients in liquorice by upregulating efflux transporter. [Abstract]2019 Mar 15:56:175-182. PMID: 30668338 -
J Pharm Anal
Potential synergic mechanism of Wutou-Gancao herb-pair by inhibiting efflux transporter P-glycoprotein. [Abstract]2020 Apr;10(2):178-186. PMID: 32373389 -
eGastroenterology
2026 Mar 31;4(1):e100348. PMID: 41948149 -
Food Res Int
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as a co-delivery vehicle for synergistically enhancing fucoxanthin oral bioavailability through dual regulation of SR-B1 and ABCB1 transporters. [Abstract]2026 Mar 31:228:118352. PMID: 41703824 -
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Free Radic Biol Med
Mifepristone protects acetaminophen induced liver injury through NRF2/GSH/GST mediated ferroptosis suppression. [Abstract]2024 Sep:222:229-243. PMID: 38906233
Verapamil hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Sep:222:229-243. [Abstract]
HT1080 cells were pretreated with Verapamil (20 μM) or MK-571 sodium for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or RU486 together with concentration gradient of RSL3 for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8.
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Cell Rep
Developmental reprogramming underlies chemotherapy resistance in favorable-histology Wilms tumor. [Abstract]2026 Mar 17:117063. PMID: 41850280 -
Cell Rep
circATF6 triggers calcium overload to synergize with EGFR-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer via modulation of proteostasis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 5;44(12):116659. PMID: 41351835 -
Br J Pharmacol
Endothelium-derived hydrogen sulfide acts as a hyperpolarizing factor and exerts neuroprotective effects via activation of large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels. [Abstract]2021 Oct;178(20):4155-4175. PMID: 34216027
Verapamil hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Oct;178(20):4155-4175. [Abstract]
Verapamil (Ver; 100 µM; 24 h). Effect of NaHS on neuronal viability against OGD/R injury in vitro. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 at 24 h post-reoxygenation.
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J Med Chem
Development of an In Silico Prediction Model for P-glycoprotein Efflux Potential in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells toward the Prediction of Brain Penetration. [Abstract]2021 Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738. PMID: 33619967 -
Cancer Cell Int
ABCB1 and ABCG2 restricts the efficacy of gedatolisib (PF-05212384), a PI3K inhibitor in colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]2021 Feb 16;21(1):108. PMID: 33593355 -
PLoS Biol
The scale of zebrafish pectoral fin buds is determined by intercellular K+ levels and consequent Ca2+-mediated signaling via retinoic acid regulation of Rcan2 and Kcnk5b. [Abstract]2024 Mar 25;22(3):e3002565. PMID: 38527087 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Traditional Chinese Medicine YangxinDingji alleviates arrhythmias through inhibition of sodium and L-type calcium channels. [Abstract]2025 May 12:347:119803. PMID: 40239882 -
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Biochem Pharmacol
Ticagrelor reverses multidrug resistance in breast cancer by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and suppressing ABCB1 expression and function. [Abstract]2026 Mar 15:249:117903. PMID: 41846011 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Verapamil modulates astrocytic glycolytic dysfunction via TXNIP inhibition in the hippocampus of 3 × Tg-AD mice. [Abstract]2025 Aug 12;242(Pt 2):117233. PMID: 40812585 -
Inflammopharmacology
Chrysophanol exerts a protective effect against Aβ25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease model through regulating the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jun;31(3):1511-1527. PMID: 36976486 -
Food Funct
Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan alleviates diet-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting colon-derived ceramide biosynthesis. [Abstract]2021 Sep 20;12(18):8440-8453. PMID: 34374401 -
Pharm Biol
Antidiarrheal activity of methanol extract of Sophora tonkinensis in mice and spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle contraction of isolated jejunum in rabbits. [Abstract]2019 Dec;57(1):477-484. PMID: 31438784 -
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Eur J Pharmacol
Suppression of hypoxia-induced CAV1 autophagic degradation enhances nanoalbumin-paclitaxel transcytosis and improves therapeutic activity in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]2024 Apr 15:969:176431. PMID: 38395374 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Chemerin-9 in paraventricular nucleus increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure via glutamate receptor-mediated ROS generation. [Abstract]2022 Dec 5:936:175343. PMID: 36306926 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Verapamil ameliorates proximal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis and fibrosis in diabetic kidney. [Abstract]2021 Nov 15:911:174552. PMID: 34627808 -
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Int J Mol Sci
Study on the Chemical Composition and Multidrug Resistance Reversal Activity of Euphorbia uralensis (Euphorbiaceae). [Abstract]2025 Jan 6;26(1):412. PMID: 39796265 -
Int J Mol Sci
A BPTF Inhibitor That Interferes with the Multidrug Resistance Pump to Sensitize Murine Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Oct 22;25(21):11346. PMID: 39518898 -
Antibiotics (Basel)
Potential Pharmacokinetic Effect of Chicken Xenobiotic Receptor Activator on Sulfadiazine: Involvement of P-glycoprotein Induction. [Abstract]2022 Jul 26;11(8):1005. PMID: 35892397 -
Biol Res
Shear stress-induced Ca2+ influx triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis: implications for mitral regulation. [Abstract]2026 Feb 8;59(1):17. PMID: 41656311 -
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Mol Pharm
Tumor-Repopulating Cell-Derived Microparticle-Based Therapeutics Amplify the Antitumor Effect through Synergistic Inhibition of Chemoresistance and Immune Evasion. [Abstract]2025 Feb 3;22(2):733-746. PMID: 39772575 -
Cell Calcium
Rapamycin inhibits B-cell activating factor (BAFF)-stimulated cell proliferation and survival by suppressing Ca2+-CaMKII-dependent PTEN/Akt-Erk1/2 signaling pathway in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. [Abstract]2020 May:87:102171. PMID: 32062191 -
Cancer Sci
Stemness and anti-cancer drug resistance in ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 highly expressed pancreatic cancer is induced in 3D culture conditions. [Abstract]2018 Apr;109(4):1135-1146. PMID: 29444383 -
Pestic Biochem Physiol
Genome-wide identification of ABC transporters and their contribution to triflumezopyrim susceptibility regulated by microRNAs in Laodelphax striatellus. [Abstract]2026 Jan;216(Pt 1):106791. PMID: 41326080 -
Pestic Biochem Physiol
Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG10, ABCH3 and ABCH4 in Aphis craccivora (Koch) facilitates its tolerance to imidacloprid. [Abstract]2022 Aug:186:105170. PMID: 35973758 -
Cancers (Basel)
Drug Repurposing to Identify a Synergistic High-Order Drug Combination to Treat Sunitinib-Resistant Renal Cell Carcinoma. [Abstract]2021 Aug 6;13(16):3978. PMID: 34439134 -
Neurochem Res
Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation via the P-glycoprotein and NF-κB Pathway in Astrocytes. [Abstract]2023 May;48(5):1424-1437. PMID: 36482035
Verapamil hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurochem Res. 2023 May;48(5):1424-1437. [Abstract]
LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) expression and extracellular secretion in primary astrocytes are suppressed following administration of the P-gp inhibitor Verapamil (Ver; 70 μM).
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Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
Investigation of verapamil-induced cardiorenal dysfunction and compensatory ion regulation in zebrafish embryos. [Abstract]2024 Oct:284:109980. PMID: 39038748 -
FEBS J
2024 Jul;291(14):3249-3266. PMID: 38712529 -
BMC Cancer
Preclinical studies of the falnidamol as a highly potent and specific active ABCB1 transporter inhibitor. [Abstract]2025 Jan 7;25(1):24. PMID: 39773145 -
Microbiol Spectr
Overexpression of efflux pump genes is one of the mechanisms causing drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [Abstract]2024 Jan 11;12(1):e0251023. PMID: 38047702 -
Cancer Res Commun
Inhibition of NEK2 Promotes Chemosensitivity and Reduces KSHV-positive Primary Effusion Lymphoma Burden. [Abstract]2024 Apr 9;4(4):1024-1040. PMID: 38592451 -
Life
Intracellular Calcium Overload Promotes NFATc1-ATF3 Activation and Induces the Senescence-Associated Phenotype in Irradiated Osteocytes. [Abstract]2026 Jun 11;16(6):984. PMID: 42355510 -
J Orthop Surg Res
Several first-line anti-hypertensives act on fibrosarcoma progression and PD1ab blockade therapy. [Abstract]2024 Feb 19;19(1):147. PMID: 38373964 -
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Drug Metab Dispos
Activation of pregnane X receptor-organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a/b /P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance protein 2 axis mediates the accelerated blood and liver clearance of PEGylated liposomes. [Abstract]2025 Nov;53(11):100172. PMID: 41106060 -
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
The inhibitory effect of antiretroviral drugs on the L-carnitine uptake in human placenta. [Abstract]2019 Apr 1:368:18-25. PMID: 30735677 -
Cell Biochem Funct
Synergistic Induction of Apoptosis by Apocytochrome C and Sodium Aescinate Is Mediated by Excessive Autophagy via the AKT-mTOR-TFEB Signaling Axis. [Abstract]2026 Apr;44(4):e70214. PMID: 42046264 -
Mol Cell Endocrinol
2019 Aug 20:494:110490. PMID: 31207271 -
Antivir Ther
Pharmacokinetic and mass balance characterization of [14C] RAY1216, a SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor, in healthy Chinese male subjects. [Abstract]2025 Oct;30(5):13596535251377204. PMID: 40926690 -
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Chem Biodivers
Rhamnetin Identified as a Potent Multidrug Resistance Reversal Agent From Xinjiang Euphorbia: Integrated Network Pharmacology, Molecular Simulation, and In Vitro Validation. [Abstract]2026 Apr;23(4):e01952. PMID: 42037539 -
Biomed Res Int
Gentiopicroside Produces Endothelium-Independent Vasodilation by Deactivating the PI3K/Akt/Rho-Kinase Pathway in Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta. [Abstract]2021 May 14:2021:5565748. PMID: 34095301 -
J Nat Med
Tenacissoside G reverses paclitaxel resistance by inhibiting Src/PTN/P-gp signaling axis activation in ovarian cancer cells. [Abstract]2025 Apr 8. PMID: 40195205 -
Pharmacol Res Perspect
The pharmaceutical excipient PEG400 affect the absorption of baicalein in Caco-2 monolayer model by interacting with UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and efflux transport proteins. [Abstract]2022 Feb;10(1):e00928. PMID: 35148019 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Vindoline, a vinca alkaloid derived from Catharanthus roseus, targets ABCB1 to overcome docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jun 18:818:153767. PMID: 42000630 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Pemigatinib, a selective FGFR inhibitor overcomes ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells. [Abstract]2024 Jan 8:691:149314. PMID: 38039831 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2020 Jan 15;521(3):596-602. PMID: 31679697 -
Braz J Med Biol Res
FRAX486, a PAK inhibitor, overcomes ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells. [Abstract]2024 Jul 1:57:e13357. PMID: 38958364 -
Biomed Chromatogr
P-glycoprotein-mediated herb-drug interaction evaluation between Tenacissoside G and paclitaxel. [Abstract]2024 Oct;38(10):e5984. PMID: 39152775 -
Xenobiotica
2019 Dec;49(12):1485-1493. PMID: 30741588 -
Pak J Pharm Sci
Antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract from Lophatheri Herba and its effect on isolated jejunal smooth muscle in rabbits. [Abstract]2022 Mar;35(2):587-594. PMID: 35642416 -
Pak J Pharm Sci
Antidiarrheal effect of the ethanol extract from Scutellaria barbata and its effect on the contraction of jejunum smooth muscles. [Abstract]2022 Mar;35(2):571-578. PMID: 35642414 -
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Biomed Pharmacother
Gilteritinib reverses ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance: Preclinical in vitro and animal investigations. [Abstract]2024 Nov:180:117603. PMID: 39471652 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Verapamil attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis via activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Nov:180:117568. PMID: 39405898 -
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Biomed Pharmacother
Interplay of drug transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1), MRP1, OATP1A2 and OATP1B3 in passage of maraviroc across human placenta. [Abstract]2020 Sep:129:110506. PMID: 32768979 -
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Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
In Vitro:
DMSO : 58.33 mg/mL (118.78 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 50 mg/mL (101.82 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Konzentration (Stammlösung) × Volumen (Stammlösung) = Konzentration (Ziellösung) × Volumen (Ziellösung)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (10.18 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (10.18 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (10.18 mM); Clear solution
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 25 mg/mL (50.91 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Reinheit & Dokumentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (624 KB)
- English - EN (624 KB)
- Français - FR (624 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (624 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (624 KB)
- Español - ES (624 KB)
- Swedish - SV (624 KB)
- Italian - IT (624 KB)
- Korean - KR (624 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (624 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Verweise
[1]. Gowarty JL, et al. Verapamil as a culprit of palbociclib toxicity. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019 Apr;25(3):743-746. [Content Brief]
[2]. Krikler DM. Verapamil in arrhythmia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;21 Suppl 2:183S-189S. [Content Brief]
[3]. Zhou P, et al. Anti-arrhythmic effect of Verapamil is accompanied by preservation of cx43 protein in rat heart. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 12;8(8):e71567. [Content Brief]
[4]. Rehnqvist N,et al. Effects of metoprolol vs verapamil in patients with stable angina pectoris. The Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm (APSIS). Eur Heart J. 1996 Jan;17(1):76-81. [Content Brief]
[5]. Kubo Y, et al. Blood-to-Retina Transport of Fluorescence-Labeled Verapamil at the Blood-Retinal Barrier. Pharm Res. 2018 Mar 12;35(5):93. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 2.0364 mL | 10.1821 mL | 20.3641 mL | 50.9103 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4073 mL | 2.0364 mL | 4.0728 mL | 10.1821 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2036 mL | 1.0182 mL | 2.0364 mL | 5.0910 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1358 mL | 0.6788 mL | 1.3576 mL | 3.3940 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1018 mL | 0.5091 mL | 1.0182 mL | 2.5455 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0815 mL | 0.4073 mL | 0.8146 mL | 2.0364 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0679 mL | 0.3394 mL | 0.6788 mL | 1.6970 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0509 mL | 0.2546 mL | 0.5091 mL | 1.2728 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0407 mL | 0.2036 mL | 0.4073 mL | 1.0182 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0339 mL | 0.1697 mL | 0.3394 mL | 0.8485 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0255 mL | 0.1273 mL | 0.2546 mL | 0.6364 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0204 mL | 0.1018 mL | 0.2036 mL | 0.5091 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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