Labeling Chemistry

4-Nitrophenyl phosphate (p-Nitrophenyl phosphate) disodium is a non-proteinaceous chromogenic substrate for alkaline and acid phosphatases used in ELISA and conventional spectrophotometric assays.

Alcian Blue 8GX is a commonly used phthalocyanine dye that binds to glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. Alcian Blue 8GX has a wide range of applications in biological staining, including proteins in brain tumors and DNA in cells and tissues.

FAM azide, 6-isomer (6-FAM azide) is a 6-carboxyfluorescein derivative with an azide functional group and coupling partner in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. FAM azide, 6-isomer participates in synthesis of fluorescently tagged disparlure enantiomers for pheromone-binding protein binding assays. FAM azide, 6-isomer is widely used for labeling oligonucleotides (Ex/Em = 493/517 nm).

Amine-PEG3-Biotin is a signal amplification label containing a biotin group and a terminal primary amine group.

AF488 NHS ester is an amine specific fluorescence probe (Em=525 nm). AF488 NHS ester reacts with sulfhydryl groups and amines in aqueous and biological samples then change their chemical structure and fluorescence properties after derivatization.

AF488 NHS ester TEA is an amine specific fluorescence probe (λ_em=525 nm=525 nm). AF488 NHS ester reacts with sulfhydryl groups and amines in aqueous and biological samples then change their chemical structure and fluorescence properties after derivatization. AF488 exhibits the λ_em and λ_ex wavelength of 520 nm and 470 nm, respectively.

BODIPY TR Cadaverine, a cadaverine derivative, is a red fluorescent dye. BODIPY TR Cadaverine can be used in a a highly sensitive and robust fluorescent displacement assay, which binds to native LPS strongly, specifically recognizing lipid A, and is competitively displaced by compounds displaying an affinity for lipid A.

R-Phycoerythrin is found in Heterosiphonia japonica. R-Phycoerythrin is an orange-red fluorescent probe with α, β, and γ subunits. R-Phycoerythrin can be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. R-Phycoerythrin can be used in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analysis (Ex: 495 nm).

TRITC-dextran MW 4000 (Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate glucan, MW 4000) is a fluorescent dye, with the molecular weight of 4 kD. TRITC-dextran MW 4000 exhibits an excitation wavelength of 555 nm. TRITC-dextran MW 4000 is vessel penetrate, which could label blood plasma to visualize the vasculature. TRITC-dextran MW 4000 is utilized in drug delivery for the stability of TRITC over a wide pH range (i.e. pH 2–11) and resistance to photo-bleaching.

FITC-Dextran (MW 20000) is a compound belonging to the class of fluorescent dyes. It is commonly used in biomedical research as a tracer molecule to label and track cells or other biological matter. FITC-Dextran consists of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and dextran, a complex carbohydrate derived from starch. The combination of the two creates a stable fluorescent tracer that can be viewed under a microscope or quantified using specialized detection instruments.

Fast Green FCF is a sea green triarylmethane food dye, with absorption maximum ranging from 622 to 626 nm. Fast Green FCF inhibits α-synuclein aggregation, as well as Aβ and P2X4 receptor, and TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB. Fast Green FCF is widely used as a staining agent like quantitative stain for histones at alkaline pH after acid extraction of DNA, and as a protein stain in electrophoresis. Fast Green FCF improves cognitive impairment, depression, relieves pain allergies, and promotes reproductive function.

7ACC1 (DEAC; Coumarin D 1421; D 1421) is a monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1)/MCT-4 specifc blocker. 7ACC1 attenuates renal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and down-regulates the levels of MCT1/MCT4 expression and extracellular lactate. 7ACC1 is promising for research of cancers.

Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composed of four fused benzene rings. It has a distinct aromatic odor, produced by incomplete combustion of organic matter. Pyrene exhibits strong fluorescence, emitting in the blue region of the spectrum, making it useful as a probe for studying molecular interactions in solution and on surfaces. Pyrene is also used as a model compound for the study of PAHs in various environments and biological systems because of its ubiquity in these environments. However, long-term exposure to pyrene has been associated with potential health risks, including carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

BODIPY FL NHS ester (BODIPY FL, SE) is a cell membranes-penatrable amine-reactive fluorescent probe. The maximum excitation/emission wavelength of the BODIPY-FL NHS ester are 502/511 nm, respectively. BODIPY-FL NHS ester has high stability and is insensitive to the polarity, pH and type of solvent, and can maintain stable fluorescence properties under different environmental conditions. BODIPY-FL NHS ester can be used for the synthesis of protease substrates, live cell imaging, protein labeling and immunoassay.

Lumiflavin (Lumiflavine), a riboflavine analog, causes significant inhibition of riboflavine uptake. Lumiflavin can effectively reduce the riboflavin enrichment in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and sensitize the effect of cisplatin Diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) on CSCs. Lumiflavin is promising for research of ovarian cancer.

7ACC2 is a potent monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 11 nM for inhibition of [¹⁴C]-lactate influx. 7ACC2 is also a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial pyruvate transport. 7ACC2 is an anticancer agent through inhibition of lactate flux.

Cy3-dCTP is a directly fluorescently labeled deoxyribonucleotide, in which Cy3 is a cyanine fluorescent dye. Cy3-dCTP is used for direct enzymatic labeling of DNA and cDNA: with the aid of DNA polymerases, this modified nucleotide is incorporated into the extending DNA strand during processes such as reverse transcription, PCR, nick translation or random primer labeling.

NIAD-4 is a blood-brain barrier permeable fluorophore for optical imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the central nervous system (CNS) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). NIAD-4 binds to the same Aβ site with the binding affinity (K_i) of 10 nM.

Pentetic acid (Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is an orally active compound with biodegradability used to construct magnetic adsorbent, which can simultaneously remove heavy metal and dye from complex wastewater. Pentetic acid can form strong metal complexes, which prevents metal ions from catalysing the decomposition of peroxygen chemicals, especially hydrogen peroxide.

DCIP sodium is a blue dye commonly used in various biochemical and biotechnological applications as an indicator of redox reactions. DCIP sodium has unique chemical properties that change color according to the oxidation state of the substance being tested. It is commonly used in enzyme assays, such as measuring the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, or in protein quantification methods, such as the Lowry assay.