Labeling Chemistry

Coelenteramine 400a (Coelenterazine 400a), a derivative of Coelenterazine, is a Renilla luciferase (RLuc) substrate. In the presence of Coelenteramine 400a, RLuc can emit blue light at 395 nm. Coelenterazine 400a will causes color change in the bioluminescence reaction of Rluc by replacing the sulfur and oxygen heteroatoms of the methylene bridge. Coelenterazine 400a provides higher signal resolution and can be used in the research of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET).

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin belongs to the coumarin class, can be isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. and has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin is also commonly used as an important laser dye that emits in the blue region, capable of analyzing glycoprotein monosaccharides and N-linked oligosaccharides, and is also utilized in tissue pathology analysis, enzyme activity measurement, and copper ion detection. The excitation wavelength and emission wavelength are 351 nm and 430 nm, respectively.

Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin sodium is an amine-reactive ester derivative of biotin and cannot pass the intact blood-retinal barrier. It can be used to assess vascular permeability of the brain and retinal vasculature.

FITC-Dextran (MW 2000000) is a compound belonging to the class of fluorescent dyes. It is commonly used in biomedical research as a tracer molecule to label and track cells or other biological matter. FITC-Dextran consists of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and dextran, a complex carbohydrate derived from starch. The combination of the two creates a stable fluorescent tracer that can be viewed under a microscope or quantified using specialized detection instruments.

Tartrazine (Acid Yellow 23; FD&C Yellow No. 5) is an orally active azo acid dye, orange-yellow powder, soluble in water and turns yellow. Tartrazine is mainly used as a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye for food coloring. Tartrazine is the most stable colorant.Tartrazine induces mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis. Tartrazine can cause neurodevelopmental toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity.

FITC-Dextran (MW 3000-5000) is a fluorescent probe for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran (Ex=495 nm; Em=525 nm). FITC-Dextran (MW 3000-5000) can be used as a marker to reveal heat shock-induced cell damage and to study the early and late stages of apoptosis. FITC-Dextran (MW 3000-5000) can also be used for cell permeability studies, such as blood-brain barrier permeability and determination of the extent of blood-brain barrier disruption. Storage: protect from light.

Zinpyr-1 is a zinc-responsive fluorescent indicator and a membrane-permeable metal-binding probe. Zinpyr-1 forms a complex with Mn²⁺ ions and generates a fluorescence turn-on signal. Zinpyr-1 binds to free zinc ions in serum, enabling quantitative detection of free zinc concentration. Zinpyr-1 produces fluorescence signals reflecting the relative zinc concentration in plant root cells, localizes to specific layers of plant root cells, and can be used to support analyses related to plant zinc transporter mutations and homeostasis.

Cy3 NHS ester is a CY dye. CY, short for Cyanine, is a compound consisting of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methyl units. Cyanine compounds have the characteristics of long wavelength, adjustable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, good water solubility and relatively simple synthesis. CY dyes are of en used for the labeling of proteins, antibodies and small molecular compounds. For the labeling of protein antibodies, the combination can be completed through a simple mixing reaction. Below, we introduce the labeling method of protein antibody labeling, which has certain reference significance.

CM-H2DCFDA is a derivative of H2DCFDA (HY-D0940). CM-H2DCFDA can be used to determine cellular oxidant levels (Ex/Em: 495/530 nm). CM-H2DCFDA is light-sensitive.

BODIPY505/515 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 505/515 nm.

Fluorescein diacetate is a cell permeable esterase-substrate. Fluorescein diacetate can be used as a fluorogenic substrate for hGSTP1-1.

Rhodamine B hydrazide is a fluorescent derivative based on rhodamine B, containing the spirocyclic structure of Rhodamine B (HY-Y0016), which can be used to detect copper ions (Cu²⁺), mercury ions, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide (NO).
Excitation/emission wavelength:
Conventional detection: 510/578 nm.
Sulfite detection: 554 nm absorption, 574 nm emission (due to the formation of Rhodamine B fluorescent product).

Cyanine5.5 amine (Cy 5.5 amine), a Cy5.5 Analogue, is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye (Ex=648 nm, Em=710 nm). Cyanine5.5 amine can be used in the preparation of Cy5.5-labeled nanoparticles, which can be tracked and imaged with low fluorescence background using confocal microscopy.

LysoTracker blue DND-22 is a blue fluorescent dye (Ex/Em: 373/422 nm). LysoTracker blue DND-22 stains acidic regions in living cells. LysoTracker blue DND-22 is used in the researches of neurodegenerative diseases and leukemia.

Sulforhodamine B sodium salt is a fluorescent dye with uses spanning from laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to the quantification of cellular proteins of cultured cells.

Fluorescein (Uranine) is widely used as a fluorescent tracer in medicinal and biological applications and tumor infected tissues tracer. Fluorescein (Uranine) is a representative green fluorophore that has been widely used as a scaffold of practically useful green fluorescent probes.

WSP-1 is a selective and rapid-reaction H₂S specific fluorescent dye (Ex/Em=465/515 nm). WSP-1 reacts with H₂S with the releasing of fluorophore.

DAPI (4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole) dilactate is a DAPI dye. DAPI is a fluorescent dye that binds strongly to DNA. It binds to the AT base pair of the double-stranded DNA minor groove, and one DAPI molecule can occupy three base pair positions. The fluorescence intensity of DAPI molecules bound to double-stranded DNA is increased by about 20 times, and it is commonly observed with fluorescence microscopy, and the amount of DNA can be determined based on the intensity of fluorescence. DAPI cannot penetrate intact cell membranes and is commonly used for staining damaged and fixed cells. DAPI (Compound 3) is an acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) inhibitor. DAPI binds to ASIC3 and blocks the channel function. DAPI can be used in the study of chronic pain treatment (Ex/Em = 356/451 nm).

CY5-N3 (Sulfo-Cyanine5-azide) is a Cy5-azide, which is a fluorescent dye (ex/em: 646/662 nm). CY5-N3 is cell membrane permeable and can be used for live cell imaging. CY5-N3 can be used in cell imagine by Click reaction.

5-FAM (5-Carboxyfluorescein) is a green fluorescent reagent used for in situ labeling peptides, proteins and nucleotides. 5-FAM is a single isomer with Ex/Em of 490 nm/520 nm.