Steroids

Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity.

DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB.

Cinobufotalin is a cardiotonic steroids or bufadienolides, is extracted from the skin secretions of the giant toads. Cinobufotalin has been used as a cardiotonic, diuretic and a hemostatic agent, Cinobufotalin is also a potential anti-lung cancer agent.

7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a cholesterol oxide and can serve as a biomarker for oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol has cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activities. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can also inhibit sterol synthesis and reduce the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Cortisone (17-Hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone), an oxidized metabolite of Cortisol (a Glucocorticoid). Cortisone acts as an immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone can partially intervene in binding of Glucocorticoid to Glucocorticoid-receptor at high concentrations.

Estriol (Oestriol), an orally active estrogen, is a ERα and ERβ agonist. Estriol is a potent GPR30 antagonist in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells. Estriol can ameliorate disease severity through immunomodulatory mechanisms that decrease tissue inflammation. Estriol has powerful proconvulsant effects.

Ganoderic acid A can inhibit of the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, also inhibit proliferation, viability, ROS.

Cholesterol sulfate sodium is a naturally occurring, orally active cholesterol derivative that is widely distributed in various tissues and body fluids. Cholesterol sulfate sodium acts as a DOCK2 inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 2 μM and 2.9 μM against mouse and human targets, respectively. Cholesterol sulfate sodium restricts excessive neutrophil infiltration and alleviates intestinal inflammation and damage. Cholesterol sulfate sodium serves as an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), which promotes squamous cell differentiation and inhibits skin carcinogenesis. Cholesterol sulfate sodium regulates cholesterol homeostasis and cellular metabolism by activating the AMPK-Sirt1 pathway. Cholesterol sulfate sodium can be used in research related to actinic keratitis, ulcerative colitis, skin cancer, and other conditions.

Deoxycorticosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as an aldosterone precursor. Deoxycorticosterone is an agonist for O. mykiss mineralocorticoid receptor (rtMR) transcription with EC₅₀ of 0.16 nM. Deoxycorticosterone could acts as an immune stimulator in fish.

Cinobufagin is an anticancer agent that can be secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans. Cinobufagin induces the cell cycle arrests in the G1 phase or G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor growth in melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme xenograft mouse models.

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone is a steroid hormone. 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone induces ovarian growth and yolk production in female crabs and increases blood pressure in sheep. 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone is mainly used in research related to crustacean reproduction and animal hypertension.

17a-Hydroxypregnenolone (17-OHP5) is a metabolite of Pregnenolone (HY-B0151) and a precursor in the biosynthesis of Dehydroepiandrosterone (HY-14650). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a substrate for the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD).

Tomatidine acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans.

(Z)-Guggulsterone, a constituent of Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells by causing apoptosis. (Z)-Guggulsterone inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the VEGF–VEGF-R2–Akt signaling axis. (Z)-Guggulsterone is also a potent FXR antagonist. (Z)-Guggulsterone reduces ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Cucurbitacin I is a natural selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3, with potent anti-cancer activity.

Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity.

24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators.

Cortodoxone (11-Deoxycortisol; cortexolone) is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone and also is a glucocorticoid antagonist. Cortodoxone increases tryptophan oxygenase (TO) activity and induces the secretion of corticosterone. Cortodoxone regulates T cell proliferation and activation.

Desmosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. In the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, Desmosterol is a direct precursor of cholesterol. As an endogenous metabolite, Desmosterol is used to study cholesterol metabolism . Desmosterol is an LXR activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can suppress macrophage inflammasome activation and prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A reduction in Desmosterol promotes the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and pyrin domain-dependent inflammasome activation of NLRP3. Desmosterol holds potential for research in inflammation, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases .

Medroxyprogesterone (17α-Hydroxy-6α-methylprogesterone) is a synthetic human variant of progesterone that is a progesterone receptor agonist with oral activity. Medroxyprogesterone can induce cell proliferation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Medroxyprogesterone has an inhibitory effect on atherosclerosis in mice. The progesterone agonist activity of Medroxyprogesterone is less effective than Medroxyprogesterone acetate (HY-B0469).