Macrolide Antibiotics

Midecamycin, an acetoxy-substituted macrolide antibiotic, is tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

β-Zearalenol is a zearalenone metabolite and Estrogen receptor binder (K_d = 0.406 nM) that induces apoptosis through activation of p53, JNK, and p38 kinases and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, while inhibiting CYP19A1 and inducing autophagy via SIRT1. β-Zearalenol is used in research on cardiotoxicity, mycotoxin-induced reproductive toxicity, and breast cancer.

Erythromycin estolate is the Erythromycin (HY-B0220) derivative, is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. Erythromycin estolate causes several cases of liver injury which mostly include cholestatic hepatitis. Erythromycin estolate toxicity is related to its inhibitory effect on bile acid transport.

Spiramycin I is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic.

Bafilomycin B1 is a macrolide antibiotic that can be isolated from mycelium of Streptomyces gresuis. Bafilomycin B1 is neuroprotective against Chloroquine (HY-17589A)-induced death. Bafilomycin B1 is a structural analog of Bafilomycin A1 and has the ability to inhibit V-ATPase. Bafilomycin B1 inhibits significantly the oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced accumulation of lipid droplets.

Pristinamycin, produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, is an orally active streptogramin-like antibiotic consisting of two chemically unrelated components: Pristinamycin I (PI) and Pristinamycin II (PII). Pristinamycin is highly active against many antibiotic-resistant pathogens, particularly Gram-positive bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and Enterococcus faecium (VREF).

Hypothemycin, a fungal polyketide, is a multikinase inhibitor with K_is of 10/70 nM, 17/38 nM, 90 nM, 900 nM/1.5 μM, and 8.4/2.4 μM for VEGFR2/VEGFR1, MEK1/MEK2, FLT-3, PDGFRβ/PDGFRα, and ERK1/ERK2, respectively.

Tylosin phosphate is a macrolide antibiotic found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae. Tylosin tartrate exerts potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Tylosin phosphate is widely used as a feed additive for promoting animal growth. Tylosin phosphate is used for veterinary purposes against bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in poultry, pigs and cattle.

Erythromycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Erythromycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by actinomycete?Streptomyces erythreus?with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Erythromycin binds to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits and inhibits?RNA-dependent protein synthesis?by blockage of transpeptidation and/or translocation reactions, without affecting synthesis of nucleic acid. Erythromycin also exhibits antitumor and neuroprotective effect in different fields of research.

Ascomycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ascomycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ascomycin (Immunomycin; FR-900520; FK520) is an ethyl analog of Tacrolimus (FK506) with strong immunosuppressant properties. Ascomycin is also a macrocyclic polyketide antibiotic with multiple biological activities such as anti-malarial, anti-fungal and anti-spasmodic. Ascomycin prevents graft rejection and has potential for varying skin ailments research[1][2].

Brefeldin A (Standard) (BFA (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Rutin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Brefeldin A (BFA) is a lactone antibiotic and a specific inhibitor of protein trafficking. Brefeldin A blocks the transport of secreted and membrane proteins from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus. Brefeldin A is also an autophagy and mitophagy inhibitor. Brefeldin A inhibits HSV-1 and has anti-cancer activity.

Carbomycin B is a macrolide antibiotic.

10,11-Dehydrocurvularin is a prevalent fungal phytotoxin and an antibiotic. 10,11-Dehydrocurvularin is a strong activator of the heat shock response. 10,11-Dehydrocurvularin inhibits TGF-β signalling pathway. Anti-tumorous activity.

Oligomycin C is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces strains. Oligomycin C exhibits a strong activity against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora capsici but no activity toward bacteria.

Curvularin, a fungal metabolite and a potent mycotoxin naturally isolated from Curvularia lunata, inhibits cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), with an IC₅₀ of 9.5 µM.

Natamycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Natamycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Natamycin (Pimaricin) is a macrolide antibiotic agent produced by several Streptomyces strains. Natamycin inhibits the growth of fungi via inhibition of amino acid and glucose transport across the plasma membrane. Natamycin is a food preservative, an antifungal agent in agriculture, and is widely used for fungal keratitis research.

Roridin H (Verrucarin H) is a cytostatic antibiotic present in the Myrothecium verrucaria strain and the marine-derived Myrothecium sp. TUF 02F6. The IC₅₀ of Roridin H against mouse leukemia cells is 0.12 mM. Roridin H can be used in leukemia-related research.

Tylosin (phosphate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tylosin (phosphate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tylosin phosphate is a macrolide antibiotic found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae. Tylosin tartrate exerts potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Tylosin phosphate is widely used as a feed additive for promoting animal growth. Tylosin phosphate is used for veterinary purposes against bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in poultry, pigs and cattle.

Spiramycin III (SPMIII) is a main component of Spiramycin. Spiramycin (HY-100593) is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens with against bacteria and Toxoplasma gondii activities, and also has antiparasitic effect.

Bafilomycin A1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bafilomycin A1 (HY-100558). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) is a specific and reversible inhibitor of vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) with IC₅₀ values of 4-400 nmol/mg. Bafilomycin A1, a macrolide antibiotic, is also used as an autophagy inhibitor at the late stage. Bafilomycin A1 blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusion and inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells. Bafilomycin A1 induces apoptosis.